FENOMENA KESURUPAN PADA PENARI LENGGER DI KABUPATEN WONOSOBO

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami fenomena kesurupan yang dialami oleh Penari Lengger di Wonosobo, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini mengambil subyek Penari Lengger yang masih aktif dan pernah mengalami kesurupan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Data diambil dengan cara wawancara dan observasi kepada subyek. Subyek I berumur 45 tahun dan memiliki profesi sebagai penjual mie ongklok, subyek II berumur 21 tahun, belum memiliki profesi tetap namun mengajar Tari Lengger dan subyek III berumur 29 tahun serta memiliki profesi sebagai pengusaha kayu. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Lengger merupakan cara leluhur pada jaman dahulu untuk mengingatkan agar berbuat baik dengan nilai-nilai agama yang telah dimasukkan ke dalamnya. Kesurupan yang juga merupakan bagian dari Lengger memiliki makna untuk mengingatkan agar manusia tetap sadar. Secara psikologis kesurupan merupakan ketidaksadaran kolektif yang bangkit dan keluar ke alam sadar

What happens after treatment? A systematic review of relapse, remission, and recovery in anorexia nervosa.

BackgroundRelapse after treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN) is a significant clinical problem. Given the level of chronicity, morbidity, and mortality experienced by this population, it is imperative to understand the driving forces behind apparently high relapse rates. However, there is a lack of consensus in the field on an operational definition of relapse, which hinders precise and reliable estimates of the severity of this issue. The primary goal of this paper was to review prior studies of AN addressing definitions of relapse, as well as relapse rates.MethodsData sources included PubMed and PsychINFO through March 19th, 2016. A systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. A total of (N = 27) peer-reviewed English language studies addressing relapse, remission, and recovery in AN were included.ResultsDefinitions of relapse in AN as well as definitions of remission or recovery, on which relapse is predicated, varied substantially in the literature. Reported relapse rates ranged between 9 and 52%, and tended to increase with increasing duration of follow-up. There was consensus that risk for relapse in persons with AN is especially high within the first year following treatment.DiscussionStandardized definitions of relapse, as well as remission and recovery, are needed in AN to accelerate clinical and research progress. This should improve the ability of future longitudinal studies to identify clinical, demographic, and biological characteristics in AN that predict relapse versus resilience, and to comparatively evaluate relapse prevention strategies. We propose standardized criteria for relapse, remission, and recovery, for further consideration

Parental expressed emotion and suicidal ideation in adolescents with bipolar disorder

Family environmental variables are risk factors for recurrent courses of mood disorder in adolescents. The present study examined the association between parental expressed emotion (EE)-critical, hostile and/or emotionally overinvolved attitudes toward a concurrently ill offspring-and suicidal ideation in adolescents with bipolar disorder. The sample consisted of 95 adolescents with a bipolar I or II diagnosis who had experienced a mood episode in the prior 3 months. Participants (mean age=15.54 years, S.D.=1.4) were interviewed and completed questionnaires regarding current and past suicidal ideation prior to their participation in a treatment trial. Parents completed five-minute speech samples from which levels of EE were assessed. High EE attitudes in parents were associated with current suicidal ideation in adolescents. This relationship was independent of the effects of age, gender, current depressive or manic symptoms, comorbid diagnoses, bipolar I/II subtypes, family adaptability, and family cohesion. These results underscore the importance of addressing the emotional reactivity of caregivers in treating adolescents with bipolar disorder who have suicidal ideation

Inflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor-kappa B activation in adolescents with bipolar and major depressive disorders.

UnlabelledAdults with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) have higher circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines than healthy controls. However, it is not known whether pediatric-onset patients with BD or MDD show increases in levels of inflammation or activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a key transcription factor in inflammatory signaling. Circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, as well as spontaneous and stimulated levels of activated NF-κB in total peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monocytes and lymphocytes were measured in adolescents with BD (n=18), MDD (n=13), or no psychiatric history (n=20). Participants had a range of mood symptoms at time of testing. Adolescents with BD had significantly higher spontaneous levels of NF-κB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monocyte and lymphocyte populations, and higher plasma levels of IL-1β than healthy controls. Following stimulation with recombinant human TNF-α, participants with BD and MDD both had greater increases in NF-κB in monocytes than controls. Further, greater stimulated increases of NF-κB in monocytes were associated with the current severity of depressive symptoms. The results are limited by the small sample and cross-sectional design. Interventions that target early immunological dysregulation should be examined in relation to long-term outcomes in youth with bipolar and depressive disorders.Clinical trial registration informationEarly Intervention for Youth at Risk for Bipolar Disorder, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01483391

Inflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor-kappa B activation in adolescents with bipolar and major depressive disorders.

UnlabelledAdults with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) have higher circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines than healthy controls. However, it is not known whether pediatric-onset patients with BD or MDD show increases in levels of inflammation or activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a key transcription factor in inflammatory signaling. Circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, as well as spontaneous and stimulated levels of activated NF-κB in total peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monocytes and lymphocytes were measured in adolescents with BD (n=18), MDD (n=13), or no psychiatric history (n=20). Participants had a range of mood symptoms at time of testing. Adolescents with BD had significantly higher spontaneous levels of NF-κB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monocyte and lymphocyte populations, and higher plasma levels of IL-1β than healthy controls. Following stimulation with recombinant human TNF-α, participants with BD and MDD both had greater increases in NF-κB in monocytes than controls. Further, greater stimulated increases of NF-κB in monocytes were associated with the current severity of depressive symptoms. The results are limited by the small sample and cross-sectional design. Interventions that target early immunological dysregulation should be examined in relation to long-term outcomes in youth with bipolar and depressive disorders.Clinical trial registration informationEarly Intervention for Youth at Risk for Bipolar Disorder, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01483391

Inflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor-kappa B activation in adolescents with bipolar and major depressive disorders

Adults with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) have higher circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines than healthy controls. However, it is not known whether pediatric-onset patients with BD or MDD show increases in levels of inflammation or activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a key transcription factor in inflammatory signaling. Circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, as well as spontaneous and stimulated levels of activated NF-κB in total peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monocytes and lymphocytes were measured in adolescents with BD (n=18), MDD (n=13), or no psychiatric history (n=20). Participants had a range of mood symptoms at time of testing. Adolescents with BD had significantly higher spontaneous levels of NF-κB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monocyte and lymphocyte populations, and higher plasma levels of IL-1β than healthy controls. Following stimulation with recombinant human TNF-α, participants with BD and MDD both had greater increases in NF-κB in monocytes than controls. Further, greater stimulated increases of NF-κB in monocytes were associated with the current severity of depressive symptoms. The results are limited by the small sample and cross-sectional design. Interventions that target early immunological dysregulation should be examined in relation to long-term outcomes in youth with bipolar and depressive disorders