Episodic learning

A system is described which learns to compose sequences of operators into episodes for problem solving. The system incrementally learns when and why operators are applied. Episodes are segmented so that they are generalizable and reusable. The idea of augmenting the instance language with higher level concepts is introduced. The technique of perturbation is described for discovering the essential features for a rule with minimal teacher guidance. The approach is applied to the domain of solving simultaneous linear equations

The effect of ambient oxygen concentration on filtering and respiration rates of Daphnia galeata mendotae and Daphnia magna

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110055/1/lno19772250839.pd

Design and Synthesis of Oxazoline-Based Scaffolds for Hybrid Lewis Acid/Lewis Base Catalysis of Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation

A new class of hybrid Lewis acid/Lewis base catalysts has been designed and prepared with an initial objective of promoting stereoselective direct aldol reactions. Several scaffolds were synthesized that contain amine moieties capable of enamine catalysis, connected to heterocyclic metal-chelating sections composed of an oxazole–oxazoline or thiazole–oxazoline. Early screening results have identified oxa­zole–oxazoline-based systems capable of promoting a highly diastereo- and enantioselective direct aldol reaction of propionaldehyde with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, when combined with Lewis acids such as zinc triflate

Collecting and preserving waste and wastewater samples for analysis (1993)

Waste handling systems as part of livestock production layouts are being developed and used to protect the environment. One part of waste management is sampling and analyzing the waste and wastewater to know what you have. Information from samples can be valuable for properly operating the system. If results of analyses of waste samples are to be meaningful, then the sample collection and preservation must be done properly. Procedures outlined in this guide are for field sampling from livestock operations. They are not meant as a guide to sampling for scientific research, which in many instances requires specific and highly sophisticated sampling methods

Collecting and preserving waste and wastewater samples for analysis

"Waste handling systems as part of livestock production layouts are being developed and used to protect the environment. One part of waste management is sampling and analyzing the waste and wastewater to know what you have. Information from samples can be valuable for properly operating the system. If results of analyses of waste samples are to be meaningful, then the sample collection and preservation must be done properly. Procedures outlined in this guide are for field sampling from livestock operations. They are not meant as a guide to sampling for scientific research, which in many instances requires specific and highly sophisticated sampling methods."--Page 1.Reviewed by David Brune (Department of Agricultural Engineering). Charles D. Fulhage, Jim Porter and Dennis Sievers (Department of Agricultural Engineering

Individual Value Differences Between Members of Benevolent and Social Associations

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine if there were significant differences in the areas of inter-personal values between members of benevolent associations and members of social associations

Ptychographic hyperspectral spectromicroscopy with an extreme ultraviolet high harmonic comb

We demonstrate a new scheme of spectromicroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectral range, where the spectral response of the sample at different wavelengths is imaged simultaneously. It is enabled by applying ptychographical information multiplexing (PIM) to a tabletop EUV source based on high harmonic generation, where four spectrally narrow harmonics near 30 nm form a spectral comb structure. Extending PIM from previously demonstrated visible wavelengths to the EUV/X-ray wavelengths promises much higher spatial resolution and more powerful spectral contrast mechanism, making PIM an attractive spectromicroscopy method in both the microscopy and the spectroscopy aspects. Besides the sample, the multicolor EUV beam is also imaged in situ, making our method a powerful beam characterization technique. No hardware is used to separate or narrow down the wavelengths, leading to efficient use of the EUV radiation