157 research outputs found
Π€Π»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ² Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π°Ρ Π² Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
In this article the mathematical model of inhibitiring nanolayer is exposed. The latter is formed by the mechanism of heterogeneous germ-formation on energetically non-uniformed surface S of the real anodic dissolution metal. There considered the rise of a fluctuation ΞVΡ of electrolyte on the surface S. Their saturation by the ions components is described by the classical equations of the ionic mass transfer. Every volume ΞVΡ can be a mother phase for the germ of inhibitor. There considered the kinetics of germ-formation and the evolution of germ given by the change of the mother phase.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΡ. ΠΠ½ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ S ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π°. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° S ΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΞVΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°, Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΌ ΞVΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ°. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ
Composite materials formation for orthopaedic implants
One of most up-to-date problems of orthopaedy is the development of new materials for replacement of osseous tissue
and cartilage defects. Electron beam (EB) processing of polymer composites with bioactive ceramics has been used for
manufacture of artificial materials for orthopaedic implants. Experimental approaches and problems of EB processing of
composites based on ultra-high-molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) are discussed.ΠΠ΄Π½ΡΡΡ Π· Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΊ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ
ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Ρ Ρ
ΡΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ² Π· Π±ΡΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ² ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π½Π°Π΄Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ.ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ
ΡΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π°
Registration of atmospheric neutrinos with the Baikal neutrino telescope
We present first neutrino induced events observed with a deep underwater
neutrino telescope. Data from 70 days effective life time of the BAIKAL
prototype telescope NT-96 have been analyzed with two different methods. With
the standard track reconstruction method, 9 clear upward muon candidates have
been identified, in good agreement with 8.7 events expected from Monte Carlo
calculations for atmospheric neutrinos. The second analysis is tailored to
muons coming from close to the opposite zenith. It yields 4 events, compared to
3.5 from Monte Carlo expectations. From this we derive a 90 % upper flux limit
of 1.1 * 10^-13 cm^-2 sec^-1 for muons in excess of those expected from
atmospheric neutrinos with zenith angle > 150 degrees and energy > 10GeV.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figure
The Lake Baikal neutrino experiment
We rewiew the present status of the Baikal Neutrino Project and present the
results of a search for high energy neutrinos with the detector intermediate
stage NT-96.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of Sixth
International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics
(TAUP99), September 6-10, 1999, Pais, Franc
Status of the Lake Baikal Experiment
We review the present status of the Baikal Underwater Neutrino Experiment and
report on neutrino events recorded with the detector stages NT-36 and NT-96.Comment: 5 pages, 4 PostScript figures, uses here.sty and mine.sty, submitted
to the Proc. of 5th Int. Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground
Physics (LNGS INFN, Assergi, September 7-11, 1997
Π ΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ¬Π― ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠ― Π ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ‘Π’Π£ΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π‘ ΠΠΠ©ΠΠΠ«ΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠ£ΠΠ’ΠΠΠ
The analysis of scientific data including American and European scientific communities concerning use of ractopamine as a growth factor in food animal production and the argumentation of the maximum permitted levels of ractopamine and levels of ractopamine in meat and byproducts (offal) is carried out. The position of the Russian side stated at the Codex Alimentarius commission 35th session that acceptable ractopamine daily intake is insufficiently validated and cannot be used for the determination of maximum permitted levels of ractopamine in meat and byproducts (offal) is confirmed. It is represented that residual ractopamine intake together with food on the levels which are recommended by the Codex Alimentarius commission and by taking into account the levels of animal products consumption in Russian Federation will lead to unacceptable human health risk level that will promote increasing heart diseases and life expectancy reduction. In this connection Russia states against of acceptance of maximum permitted levels of ractopamine in food.Β ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
, Π² Ρ.Ρ. Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, Π²ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π° 35-ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΈ Codex Alimentarius ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Codex Alimentarius, Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ. Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ, Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
.
Association of Polymorphisms of Serotonin Transporter (5HTTLPR) and 5-HT2C Receptor Genes with Criminal Behavior in Russian Criminal Offenders
Background: Human aggression is a heterogeneous behavior with biological, psychological, and social backgrounds. As the biological mechanisms that regulate aggression are components of both reward-seeking and adversity-fleeing behavior, these phenomena are difficult to disentangle into separate neurochemical processes. Nevertheless, evidence exists linking some forms of ag
Distributional impact of taxes and social transfers in Russia over the downturn
Low oil prices and the recession in Russia which started in 2014 are increasing pressures for fiscal consolidation, after more than a decade of prosperity. This paper assesses the distributional impact of the main tax and social spending programs in Russia in 2014 by applying a state-of-the-art incidence analysis. Overall, the Russian welfare state achieves a moderate reduction in inequality through tax-benefit policies by international standards. Most redistribution occurs through pensions. Major limits on the redistributive effect of tax-benefit policy include the large share of tax revenues that come from (regressive) indirect taxes, the neutral impact of personal income taxes and the low share of spending that goes on social assistance targeted to low-income groups. Tax-benefit policy also has an important impact on the age distribution of income, as households of working-age people (with and without children) subsidize pensioner households
The Baikal Deep Underwater Neutrino Experiment: Results, Status, Future
We review the present status of the Baikal Underwater Neutrino Experiment and
present results obtained with the various stages of the stepwise increasing
detector: NT-36 (1993-95), NT-72 (1995-96) and NT-96 (1996-97). Results cover
atmospheric muons, first clear neutrino events, search for neutrinos from WIMP
annihilation in the center of the Earth, search for magnetic monopoles, and --
far from astroparticle physics -- limnology.Comment: Talk given at the Int. School on Nuclear Physics, Erice, Sept.199
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