971 research outputs found
Investigation of changes in conductivity of juice during the evaporation process
The creation of this article was the necessity of experimental determination of the electric conductivity of juice depending on the concentration of solids, expressed by the empirical formula, in order to more precisely control specific power supplied to the machine and foaming. Authors of the article held staged experimental studies using apple juice, the juice of red mountain ash, buckthorn and black currant. Found that the relationship between the conductivity of the juice solids content corresponds to the empirical formula of Kohlrausch, however, this formula does not represent the contribution juice acidity value of conductivity, and allows to correlate the specific power input to the device with the concentration of solids. The empirical formulas for the distribution of electrical juice conductivity depending on the acidity and for calculation of the specific power depending on the concentration of dry matter, allows to keep the speed of the foam below its destruction speed in the zone of vigorous reflux
Extending the Storage Life of Foods Using Shungite
Background: Shungite has gained popularity in recent years as a material for water purification and food preservation. The purpose of the study is to develop a fast method of assessing the biological activity of shungite batches and to determine the time of contact between shungite and water to increase or reduce the bioactivity of shungite water in the food industry, specifically in the production of baked goods with extended shelf life.Methods: The authors study the bioactivity of pre-prepared water using yeasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae species based on the evaluation of the fermentation rate of sugar solutions in their presence. Infused shungite was used in kneading dough and by applying shungite water after baking. The experiment involved infusing distilled water on shungite for varying periods of time, preparing three versions of 30% aqueous solutions with distilled water and shungite water, adding 2% dry baking yeast to each solution, conducting fermentation processes, and mixing dough for bread with regular and shungite water. The bread samples were evaluated for their organoleptic characteristics and physical and chemical properties.Results: The study concludes that the use of shungite water in the preparation of bread dough has no negative impact on the quality of the final product. It can even help to prolong the shelf life of baked goods, making it a promising material for the food industry. As a result, the authors propose a process of bread processing to increase its shelf life.Conclusion: The results suggest that further research is needed to determine the long-term effects of using shungite water and its potential benefits for human health, as well as to explore the impact of different contact times between shungite and water on the biological activity of water and its effect on the quality of the final product.Keywords: Shungite; Fullerene; Water; Sugar solution; Yeast; Baked good
Effect of Direct Laser Deposition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel
Direct laser deposition (DLD) is a modern prototyping manufacturing technology, which can directly build full-density and high-performance complex metal parts This paper presents an investigation of the influence different scanning strategy on microstructure and mechanical properties of DLD 316L stainless steel sample. The results showed that formation of fine equiaxed austenitic structure with average grain size of the dendritic cells in 1.2-1.7 μm. Inter-track idle time has directly influence on cooling rate, grain size and mechanical properties. It was shown that the decreasing of inter-track idle time from 4.37 to 0.75 s decreases the ultimate tensile strength from 729 to 686 MPa. For obtaining high mechanical properties of samples or recovering surfaces it is necessary to choose scanning strategy along the largest dimension of the detail.
Keywords: X-ray analysis; Electron microscopy; Stress/Strain measurements; Iron alloys; Laser/Powder methods
Non-Abelian Vortices, Super-Yang-Mills Theory and Spin(7)-Instantons
We consider a complex vector bundle E endowed with a connection A over the
eight-dimensional manifold R^2 x G/H, where G/H = SU(3)/U(1)xU(1) is a
homogeneous space provided with a never integrable almost complex structure and
a family of SU(3)-structures. We establish an equivalence between G-invariant
solutions A of the Spin(7)-instanton equations on R^2 x G/H and general
solutions of non-Abelian coupled vortex equations on R^2. These vortices are
BPS solitons in a d=4 gauge theory obtained from N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills
theory in ten dimensions compactified on the coset space G/H with an
SU(3)-structure. The novelty of the obtained vortex equations lies in the fact
that Higgs fields, defining morphisms of vector bundles over R^2, are not
holomorphic in the generic case. Finally, we introduce BPS vortex equations in
N=4 super Yang-Mills theory and show that they have the same feature.Comment: 14 pages; v2: typos fixed, published versio
Singular potentials and annihilation
We discuss the regularization of attractive singular potentials , by infinitesimal imaginary addition to interaction
constant . Such a procedure enables unique
definition of scattering observables and is equal to an absorption (creation)
of particles in the origin. It is shown, that suggested regularization is an
analytical continuation of the scattering amplitudes of repulsive singular
potential in interaction constant . The nearthreshold properties of
regularized in a mentioned way singular potential are examined. We obtain
expressions for the scattering lengths, which turn to be complex even for
infinitesimal imaginary part of interaction constant. The problem of
perturbation of nearthreshold states of regular potential by a singular one is
treated, the expressions for level shifts and widths are obtained. We show,
that the physical sense of suggested regularization is that the scattering
observables are insensitive to any details of the short range modification of
singular potential, if there exists sufficiently strong inelastic short range
interaction. In this case the scattering observables are determined by
solutions of Schrodinger equation with regularized potential . We point out that the developed formalism can be applied for the
description of systems with short range annihilation, in particular low energy
nucleon-antinucleon scattering.Comment: 10 page
Modeling of graphene-based NEMS
The possibility of designing nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) based on
relative motion or vibrations of graphene layers is analyzed. Ab initio and
empirical calculations of the potential relief of interlayer interaction energy
in bilayer graphene are performed. A new potential based on the density
functional theory calculations with the dispersion correction is developed to
reliably reproduce the potential relief of interlayer interaction energy in
bilayer graphene. Telescopic oscillations and small relative vibrations of
graphene layers are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. It is
shown that these vibrations are characterized with small Q-factor values. The
perspectives of nanoelectromechanical systems based on relative motion or
vibrations of graphene layers are discussed.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure
Can Barrier to Relative Sliding of Carbon Nanotube Walls Be Measured?
Interwall interaction energies, as well as barriers to relative sliding of
the walls along the nanotube axis, are first calculated for pairs of both
armchair or both zigzag adjacent walls of carbon nanotubes with a wide range of
radiuses. It is found that for the pairs with the radius of the outer wall
greater than 5 nm both the interwall interaction energy and barriers to the
relative sliding per one atom of the outer wall only slightly depends on the
wall radius. A wide set of the measurable physical quantities determined by
these barriers are estimated as a function of the wall radius: shear strengths
and diffusion coefficients for relative sliding of the walls along the axis, as
well as frequencies of relative axial oscillations of the walls. For
nonreversible telescopic extension of the walls, maximum overlap of the walls
for which threshold static friction forces are greater than capillary forces is
estimated. Possibility of experimental verification of the calculated barriers
by measurements of the estimated physical quantities is discussed.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure
Analysis of Reconstructions Cardioesophageal Junction of the Teres Ligament in Treatment Hiatal Hernias
The article's abstract is no available
Расчет тепловой сети г. Нижнего Новгорода с точки зрения возникновения возможных аварийных ситуаций
In an article are given numerical calculations of existing heat — supply system from the point of view of emergency situations arising and is given analysis of possebility of system functioning in future.Проведены численные расчеты существующей тепловой сети с точки зрения возникновения возможных аварийных ситуаций и выполнен анализ возможности функционирования сети в дальнейшем
Точные методы расчета напорных трубопроводов со стабилизаторами давления
A short essay of pressure pipelines analysis on water hammer and pressure oscillations by exact methods is described in an article.В статье описаны основные точные и численные методы расчета напорных трубопроводов со средствами защиты при неустановившемся движении
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