2,851 research outputs found
Diffusive Evolution of Stable and Metastable Phases II: Theory of Non-Equilibrium Behaviour in Colloid-Polymer Mixtures
By analytically solving some simple models of phase-ordering kinetics, we
suggest a mechanism for the onset of non-equilibrium behaviour in
colloid-polymer mixtures. These mixtures can function as models of atomic
systems; their physics therefore impinges on many areas of thermodynamics and
phase-ordering. An exact solution is found for the motion of a single, planar
interface separating a growing phase of uniform high density from a
supersaturated low density phase, whose diffusive depletion drives the
interfacial motion. In addition, an approximate solution is found for the
one-dimensional evolution of two interfaces, separated by a slab of a
metastable phase at intermediate density. The theory predicts a critical
supersaturation of the low-density phase, above which the two interfaces become
unbound and the metastable phase grows ad infinitum. The growth of the stable
phase is suppressed in this regime.Comment: 27 pages, Latex, eps
Role of Multipoles in Counterion-Mediated Interactions between Charged Surfaces: Strong and Weak Coupling
We present general arguments for the importance, or lack thereof, of the
structure in the charge distribution of counterions for counterion-mediated
interactions between bounding symmetrically charged surfaces. We show that on
the mean field or weak coupling level, the charge quadrupole contributes the
lowest order modification to the contact value theorem and thus to the
intersurface electrostatic interactions. The image effects are non-existent on
the mean-field level even with multipoles. On the strong coupling level the
quadrupoles and higher order multipoles contribute additional terms to the
interaction free energy only in the presence of dielectric inhomogeneities.
Without them, the monopole is the only multipole that contributes to the strong
coupling electrostatics. We explore the consequences of these statements in all
their generality.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
Leaf segmentation and tracking using probabilistic parametric active contours
Active contours or snakes are widely used for segmentation and tracking. These techniques require the minimization of an energy function, which is generally a linear combination of a data fit term and a regularization term. This energy function can be adjusted to exploit the intrinsic object and image features. This can be done by changing the weighting parameters of the data fit and regularization term. There is, however, no rule to set these parameters optimally for a given application. This results in trial and error parameter estimation. In this paper, we propose a new active contour framework defined using probability theory. With this new technique there is no need for ad hoc parameter setting, since it uses probability distributions, which can be learned from a given training dataset
The Role of Solid Friction in the Sedimentation of Strongly Attractive Colloidal Gels
We study experimentally and theoretically the sedimentation of gels made of
strongly aggregated colloidal particles, focussing on the long time behavior,
when mechanical equilibrium is asymptotically reached. The asymptotic gel
height is found to vary linearly with the initial height, a finding in stark
contrast with a recent study on similar gels [Manley \textit{et al.} 2005
\textit{Phys. Rev. Lett.} \textbf{94} 218302]. We show that the asymptotic
compaction results from the balance between gravity pull, network elasticity,
and solid friction between the gel and the container walls. Based on these
ingredients, we propose a simple model to account for the dependence of the
height loss on the initial height and volume fraction. As a result of our
analysis, we show that the static friction coefficient between the gel and the
container walls strongly depends on volume fraction: the higher the volume
fraction, the weaker the solid friction. This nonintuitive behavior is
explained using simple scaling arguments.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to JSTA
Phase behaviour of additive binary mixtures in the limit of infinite asymmetry
We provide an exact mapping between the density functional of a binary
mixture and that of the effective one-component fluid in the limit of infinite
asymmetry. The fluid of parallel hard cubes is thus mapped onto that of
parallel adhesive hard cubes. Its phase behaviour reveals that demixing of a
very asymmetric mixture can only occur between a solvent-rich fluid and a
permeated large particle solid or between two large particle solids with
different packing fractions. Comparing with hard spheres mixtures we conclude
that the phase behaviour of very asymmetric hard-particle mixtures can be
determined from that of the large component interacting via an adhesive-like
potential.Comment: Full rewriting of the paper (also new title). 4 pages, LaTeX, uses
revtex, multicol, epsfig, and amstex style files, to appear in Phys. Rev. E
(Rapid Comm.
Tribimaximal Neutrino Mixing and a Relation Between Neutrino- and Charged Lepton-Mass Spectra
Brannen has recently pointed out that the observed charged lepton masses
satisfy the relation m_e +m_\mu +m_\tau = {2/3}
(\sqrt{m_e}+\sqrt{m_\mu}+\sqrt{m_\tau})^2, while the observed neutrino masses
satisfy the relation m_{\nu 1} +m_{\nu 2} +m_{\nu 3} = {2/3} (-\sqrt{m_{\nu
1}}+\sqrt{m_{\nu 2}}+\sqrt{m_{\nu 3}})^2. It is discussed what neutrino Yukawa
interaction form is favorable if we take the fact pointed out by Brannen
seriously.Comment: 13 pages, presentation modifie
Strong Coupling Electrostatics in the Presence of Dielectric Inhomogeneities
We study the strong-coupling (SC) interaction between two like-charged
membranes of finite thickness embedded in a medium of higher dielectric
constant. A generalized SC theory is applied along with extensive Monte-Carlo
simulations to study the image charge effects induced by multiple dielectric
discontinuities in this system. These effects lead to strong counterion
crowding in the central region of the inter-surface space upon increasing the
solvent/membrane dielectric mismatch and change the membrane interactions from
attractive to repulsive at small separations. These features agree
quantitatively with the SC theory at elevated couplings or dielectric mismatch
where the correlation hole around counterions is larger than the thickness of
the central counterion layer.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
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