Et maintenant ... débrouille-toi tout seul ...: étude portant sur le parcours de pupilles, après l'obtention d'une mainlevée tutélaire

Ce travail de recherche nous permet de donner la parole aux bénéficiaires d’une mesure tutélaire qui ont obtenu une mainlevée. Cet ouvrage aborde différents cadres conceptuels, tels que l’empowerment ou l’autonomisation de la personne adulte, la législation tutélaire, la relation d’aide et les aspects non-négligeables de l’aide contrainte. L’objet de l’étude porte sur la trajectoire de vie de pupilles ayant vécu une mainlevée tutélaire. Ce travail se fonde sur deux axes : le premier par une recherche quantitative qui permet d’identifier les personnes qui correspondent à l’objet de l’étude. Ensuite, un deuxième axe basé sur un aspect plus qualitatif qui a été effectué par des entretiens semis-directifs auprès de pupilles ayant obtenu une mainlevée tutélaire. L’analyse des données nous a permis de constater comment les bénéficiaires vivaient après une levée de mesure. Ceux-ci nous ont apporté leur regard sur le vécu de la mesure octroyée par la chambre pupillaire et les stratégies qu’ils ont mis en place pour l’obtention de la mainlevée. Cette étude nous a permis de constater que les relations entre le tuteur et son pupille sont satisfaisantes. Nous avons aussi relevé que peu de clients bénéficient de mainlevée tutélaire. Les personnes ayant acquis suffisamment d’autonomie ont les outils nécessaires pour parer à leurs difficultés et savent trouver les ressources indispensables pour les combler. Cette recherche permet à tous les professionnels qui travaillent avec des personnes adultes sous mandats, de mieux comprendre la vision et les parcours de vie des pupilles afin d’en être sensibilisé

Weather regimes and related atmospheric composition at a Pyrenean observatory characterized by hierarchical clustering of a 5-year data set

Atmospheric composition measurements taken at many high-altitude stations around the world, aim to collect data representative of the free troposphere and of an intercontinental scale. However, the high-altitude environment favours vertical mixing and the transportation of air masses at local or regional scales, which has a potential influence on the composition of the sampled air masses. Mixing processes, source-receptor pathways, and atmospheric chemistry may strongly depend on local and regional weather regimes, and these should be characterized specifically for each station. The Pic du Midi (PDM) isa mountaintop observatory (2850 m a.s.l.) on the north side of the Pyrenees. PDM is associated with the Centre de Recherches Atmosph{\'e}riques (CRA), a site in the foothills ar 600 m a.s.l. 28 km north-east of the PDM. The two centers make up the Pyrenean Platform for the Observation of the Atmosphere (P2OA). Data measured at PDM and CRA were combined to form a5-year hourly dataset of 23 meteorological variables notably: temperature, humidity, cloud cover, wind at several altitudes. The dataset was classified using hierarchical clustering, with the aim of grouping together the days which had similar meteorological characteristics. To complete the clustering, we computed several diagnostic tools, in order to provide additional information and study specific phenomena (foehn, precipitation, atmospheric vertical structure, and thermally driven circulations). This classification resulted in six clusters: three highly populated clusters which correspond to the most frequent meteorological conditions (fair weather, mixed weather and disturbed weather, respectively); a small cluster evidencing clear characteristics of winter northwesterly windstorms; and two small clusters characteristic of south foehn (south- to southwesterly large-scaleflow, associated with warm and dry downslope flow on the lee side of the chain). The diagnostic tools applied to the six clusters provided results in line with the conclusions tentatively drawn from 23 meteorological variables. This, to some extent,validates the approach of hierarchical clustering of local data to distinguish weather regimes. Then statistics of atmospheric composition at PDM were analysed and discussed for each cluster. Radon measurements, notably, revealed that the regional background in the lower troposphere dominates the influence of diurnal thermal flows when daily averaged concentrations are considered. Differences between clusters were demonstrated by the anomalies of CO, CO$_2$, CH$_4$, O$_3$ and aerosol number concentration, and interpretations in relation with chemical sinks and sources are proposed.Comment: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, In pres

Impact of biomass burning on aerosol size distribution, aerosol optical properties and associated radiative forcing

The influence of biomass burning on aerosol size distributions, particle number and radiative forcing has been studied at a rural site in Spain. It has been found that air contaminated by aerosols from biomass burning presents four times the total number of particles registered in non-contaminated air. In the case of the smallest fraction of the fine mode, between 0.1 and 0.2 μm, the increase soars to over seven times the total number of particles. An analysis of the evolution of the count mean diameter in the fine mode (CMDf) in the 8 daily measurements has revealed a decrease of over 25% in this parameter in the modified measurements when compared with measurements that were not contaminated by aerosols from biomass burning. In contrast, when the aerosol transport time is long, the increases detected in CMDf range between 15% and 100% when compared with measurements of air by non-aged aerosol from biomass burning. Shortwave radiative forcings have been calculated for these high loads of fine aerosols with GAME (Global Atmospheric Model) software. For the August event, the daytime average of surface radiative forcing is –66 (±30) W/m2, and at the top of the atmosphere the forcing is –32 (±12) W/m2. Induced daytime average of atmospheric radiative forcing reaches 34 (±20) W/m2. The study demonstrates that wildfires affect not only the number of particles and the size distribution, causing a clear increase in the number of aerosols in the atmosphere, but they are also responsible for altering the local radiative balance

Aerosol size distribution and gaseous products from the oven-controlled combustion of straw materials

A number of controlled combustions have been carried out in the laboratory using samples of oats and barley straw collected in Spain in order to establish the characteristic particle spectra of these emissions. In addition, chemical compounds such as CO2, NO2 and NO and gravimetric variations have been registered during the combustion processes. For each combustible the burning phase has also been defined. Burning barley generates a higher number of particles in the fine mode (with a diameter of less than 0.5 μm) than oats (74% vs. 59%). The distributions of particles emitted during the flaming phase have been characterized, as well as during the previous and subsequent phases. The average geometric diameter reached its maximum during the flaming phase, with 0.53 ± 0.10 μm and 0.44 ± 0.04 μm for oats and barley, respectively. After the flaming phase, oat straw generates coarser particles than barley.The authors would like to thank the Institute of the Environment, Natural Resources and Biodiversity (IMARENAB) of the University of León and its Director, Antonio Morán, for the permission to use the technical equipment. We would also like to thank José Merino Ibáñez (RIP), the farmers of Quintanilla de Onsoña, Jose Luis Marcos, Antonio Calvo and María Carmen Gordaliza for their help throughout the whole field campaign. The authors are also in debt to Noelia Ramón for translating this paper into English.publishe

Widespread pesticide distribution in the European atmosphere questions their degradability in air

Risk assessment of pesticide impacts on remote ecosystems makes use of model-estimated degradation in air. Recent studies suggest these degradation rates to be overestimated, questioning current pesticide regulation. Here, we investigated the concentrations of 76 pesticides in Europe at 29 rural, coastal, mountain, and polar sites during the agricultural application season. Overall, 58 pesticides were observed in the European atmosphere. Low spatial variation of 7 pesticides suggests continental-scale atmospheric dispersal. Based on concentrations in free tropospheric air and at Arctic sites, 22 pesticides were identified to be prone to long-range atmospheric transport, which included 15 substances approved for agricultural use in Europe and 7 banned ones. Comparison between concentrations at remote sites and those found at pesticide source areas suggests long atmospheric lifetimes of atrazine, cyprodinil, spiroxamine, tebuconazole, terbuthylazine, and thiacloprid. In general, our findings suggest that atmospheric transport and persistence of pesticides have been underestimated and that their risk assessment needs to be improved

Caractérisation des épisodes de pollution chimique et photochimique avec les données des réseaux de surveillance

TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Variability of tropospheric ozone concentrations: comparison of ground-level data with aircraft measurements during the “O3 Reg” campaign (19–21 July 2000)

The aim of the campaign presented here is to compare data networks' measurements of atmospheric pollutants (mainly tropospheric ozone) with airborne measurements in the atmospheric boundary layer. It is designed to determine whether ozone fields are homogeneous on a regional scale and to show the modulation, on a local scale, of ozone concentrations due to local emissions of anthropogenic and industrial primary pollutants, and/or meteorological thermal processes such as sea/land breeze.The study bears on ozone concentration variability within an anticyclonic air mass on a scale of about 500 km. The contribution of large-scale phenomena in the formation of ozone episodes is shown. Daily maximum ozone values are relatively well representative of tropospheric ozone aircraft measurements. Zooming in on southeastern France establishes that in this area, ozone concentrations arise from multiscale phenomena