31 research outputs found
Nouvelles mĂ©thodes dâaccĂšs catalytiques et Ă©nantiosĂ©lectives aux cyclopropanes fluorĂ©s
The cyclopropane ring is present in many natural or non-natural bioactive compounds, whose biodisponibility and metabolic stability is increased by its structural rigidity. Besides, the fluorine atom displays singular properties due to its high electronegativity and its small size. This enables to modify the physico-chemical properties of molecules such as acidity, lipophilicity or solubility. As a consequence, fluorinated cyclopropanes represent interesting scaffolds since they combine the properties of cyclopropanes and fluorine atom. In this context, we were interested in the enantioselective synthesis of polyfunctionalized fluorinated cyclopropanes from fluorinated olefins and diazo compounds under rhodium catalysis. For this purpose, two types of diazo compounds were investigated: diacceptor and donor-acceptor. This methodology was further extended to the synthesis of chlorinated and brominated cyclopropanes. To highlight the versatility of these compounds, we then turned our attention to the synthesis of biorelevant targets, and more precisely aminoacids containing a fluorocyclopropane moiety. Indeed, their introduction into peptides could allow to modify their conformation and interactions with biological receptors. In that aim, the synthesis of an analogue of proline containg a fluorocyclopropane was developed. An analogue of leucine containing a fluorocyclopropane was also introduced in the minimum active sequence of neurotensin and shows a good selectivity for the NTS2 receptor. This opens up prospects for the development of new analgesics with less side effects. Finally, we examined the flow synthesis of diazo compounds. Nowadays, diazo compounds are scarcely used in the industry because they exhibit some toxicity, potential explosibility and instability, which restrict their storage. Flow chemistry may constitute an alternative to use them since their synthesis, purification and reaction is continuously made on small quantities at a time and do not require any manipulation from an operator. Hence, the hazards arising from the scale up of the cyclopropanation reaction are highly reduced.Le motif cyclopropanique est prĂ©sent dans de nombreux composĂ©s bioactifs d'origine naturelle ou non-naturelle auxquels il confĂšre une certaine rigiditĂ© structurale, qui permet d'augmenter leur biodisponibilitĂ© et leur stabilitĂ© mĂ©tabolique. Par ailleurs, l'atome de fluor possĂšde des propriĂ©tĂ©s particuliĂšres dues entre autres Ă sa forte Ă©lectronĂ©gativitĂ© et sa petite taille. Cela permet de modifier les propriĂ©tĂ©s physico-chimiques des molĂ©cules qui le contiennent, telles que l'aciditĂ©, la lipophilie ou encore la solubilitĂ©. Par consĂ©quent, les cyclopropanes fluorĂ©s reprĂ©sentent des motifs intĂ©ressants dans la mesure oĂč ils combinent les propriĂ©tĂ©s des cyclopropanes et celles de l'atome de fluor. Dans ce contexte, nous nous sommes tout d'abord intĂ©ressĂ©s Ă la synthĂšse Ă©nantiosĂ©lective de cyclopropanes fluorĂ©s polyfonctionnalisĂ©s Ă partir d'olĂ©fines fluorĂ©es et de composĂ©s diazos, par catalyse au rhodium. Pour cela, deux types de composĂ©s diazos ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s : les diaccepteurs et les donneur-accepteurs. Cette mĂ©thodologie a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tendue Ă la synthĂšse de cyclopropanes chlorĂ©s et bromĂ©s. Afin de mettre en valeur les composĂ©s ainsi obtenus, nous avons ensuite Ă©tudiĂ© la synthĂšse de molĂ©cules d'intĂ©rĂȘt biologique, et plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment de mimes d'aminoacides contenant un cyclopropane fluorĂ©. En effet, leur introduction dans des peptides pourrait permettre d'en modifier la conformation et l'interaction avec les rĂ©cepteurs biologiques. Dans ce cadre, la synthĂšse d'un mime de proline contenant un cyclopropane fluorĂ© a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e. Par ailleurs, un mime de leucine contenant un cyclopropane fluorĂ© a Ă©tĂ© introduit dans la sĂ©quence minimum active de la neurotensine et permet d'obtenir une bonne sĂ©lectivitĂ© pour le rĂ©cepteur NTS2, ce qui ouvre des perspectives pour le dĂ©veloppement de nouveaux analgĂ©siques possĂ©dant moins d'effets secondaires. Pour terminer, nous avons examinĂ© la synthĂšse de composĂ©s diazos en flux continu. A l'heure actuelle, ceux-ci sont peu utilisĂ©s dans l'industrie car ils prĂ©sentent une certaine toxicitĂ©, une potentielle explosivitĂ© et une instabilitĂ© qui limite leur stockage. La chimie en flux continu constitue donc une alternative pour les utiliser, puisque leur synthĂšse, leur purification et leur mise en rĂ©action se fait en continu sur de petites quantitĂ©s Ă la fois et ne nĂ©cessite pas d'intervention de la part d'un opĂ©rateur. Ainsi, les risques prĂ©sentĂ©s par la montĂ©e en Ă©chelle de la rĂ©action de cyclopropanation prĂ©cĂ©demment dĂ©veloppĂ©e sont fortement diminuĂ©s
Nouvelles mĂ©thodes dâaccĂšs catalytiques et Ă©nantiosĂ©lectives aux cyclopropanes fluorĂ©s
The cyclopropane ring is present in many natural or non-natural bioactive compounds, whose biodisponibility and metabolic stability is increased by its structural rigidity. Besides, the fluorine atom displays singular properties due to its high electronegativity and its small size. This enables to modify the physico-chemical properties of molecules such as acidity, lipophilicity or solubility. As a consequence, fluorinated cyclopropanes represent interesting scaffolds since they combine the properties of cyclopropanes and fluorine atom. In this context, we were interested in the enantioselective synthesis of polyfunctionalized fluorinated cyclopropanes from fluorinated olefins and diazo compounds under rhodium catalysis. For this purpose, two types of diazo compounds were investigated: diacceptor and donor-acceptor. This methodology was further extended to the synthesis of chlorinated and brominated cyclopropanes. To highlight the versatility of these compounds, we then turned our attention to the synthesis of biorelevant targets, and more precisely aminoacids containing a fluorocyclopropane moiety. Indeed, their introduction into peptides could allow to modify their conformation and interactions with biological receptors. In that aim, the synthesis of an analogue of proline containg a fluorocyclopropane was developed. An analogue of leucine containing a fluorocyclopropane was also introduced in the minimum active sequence of neurotensin and shows a good selectivity for the NTS2 receptor. This opens up prospects for the development of new analgesics with less side effects. Finally, we examined the flow synthesis of diazo compounds. Nowadays, diazo compounds are scarcely used in the industry because they exhibit some toxicity, potential explosibility and instability, which restrict their storage. Flow chemistry may constitute an alternative to use them since their synthesis, purification and reaction is continuously made on small quantities at a time and do not require any manipulation from an operator. Hence, the hazards arising from the scale up of the cyclopropanation reaction are highly reduced.Le motif cyclopropanique est prĂ©sent dans de nombreux composĂ©s bioactifs d'origine naturelle ou non-naturelle auxquels il confĂšre une certaine rigiditĂ© structurale, qui permet d'augmenter leur biodisponibilitĂ© et leur stabilitĂ© mĂ©tabolique. Par ailleurs, l'atome de fluor possĂšde des propriĂ©tĂ©s particuliĂšres dues entre autres Ă sa forte Ă©lectronĂ©gativitĂ© et sa petite taille. Cela permet de modifier les propriĂ©tĂ©s physico-chimiques des molĂ©cules qui le contiennent, telles que l'aciditĂ©, la lipophilie ou encore la solubilitĂ©. Par consĂ©quent, les cyclopropanes fluorĂ©s reprĂ©sentent des motifs intĂ©ressants dans la mesure oĂč ils combinent les propriĂ©tĂ©s des cyclopropanes et celles de l'atome de fluor. Dans ce contexte, nous nous sommes tout d'abord intĂ©ressĂ©s Ă la synthĂšse Ă©nantiosĂ©lective de cyclopropanes fluorĂ©s polyfonctionnalisĂ©s Ă partir d'olĂ©fines fluorĂ©es et de composĂ©s diazos, par catalyse au rhodium. Pour cela, deux types de composĂ©s diazos ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s : les diaccepteurs et les donneur-accepteurs. Cette mĂ©thodologie a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tendue Ă la synthĂšse de cyclopropanes chlorĂ©s et bromĂ©s. Afin de mettre en valeur les composĂ©s ainsi obtenus, nous avons ensuite Ă©tudiĂ© la synthĂšse de molĂ©cules d'intĂ©rĂȘt biologique, et plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment de mimes d'aminoacides contenant un cyclopropane fluorĂ©. En effet, leur introduction dans des peptides pourrait permettre d'en modifier la conformation et l'interaction avec les rĂ©cepteurs biologiques. Dans ce cadre, la synthĂšse d'un mime de proline contenant un cyclopropane fluorĂ© a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e. Par ailleurs, un mime de leucine contenant un cyclopropane fluorĂ© a Ă©tĂ© introduit dans la sĂ©quence minimum active de la neurotensine et permet d'obtenir une bonne sĂ©lectivitĂ© pour le rĂ©cepteur NTS2, ce qui ouvre des perspectives pour le dĂ©veloppement de nouveaux analgĂ©siques possĂ©dant moins d'effets secondaires. Pour terminer, nous avons examinĂ© la synthĂšse de composĂ©s diazos en flux continu. A l'heure actuelle, ceux-ci sont peu utilisĂ©s dans l'industrie car ils prĂ©sentent une certaine toxicitĂ©, une potentielle explosivitĂ© et une instabilitĂ© qui limite leur stockage. La chimie en flux continu constitue donc une alternative pour les utiliser, puisque leur synthĂšse, leur purification et leur mise en rĂ©action se fait en continu sur de petites quantitĂ©s Ă la fois et ne nĂ©cessite pas d'intervention de la part d'un opĂ©rateur. Ainsi, les risques prĂ©sentĂ©s par la montĂ©e en Ă©chelle de la rĂ©action de cyclopropanation prĂ©cĂ©demment dĂ©veloppĂ©e sont fortement diminuĂ©s
New catalytic and enantioselective methods to access fluorinated cyclopropranes
Le motif cyclopropanique est prĂ©sent dans de nombreux composĂ©s bioactifs d'origine naturelle ou non-naturelle auxquels il confĂšre une certaine rigiditĂ© structurale, qui permet d'augmenter leur biodisponibilitĂ© et leur stabilitĂ© mĂ©tabolique. Par ailleurs, l'atome de fluor possĂšde des propriĂ©tĂ©s particuliĂšres dues entre autres Ă sa forte Ă©lectronĂ©gativitĂ© et sa petite taille. Cela permet de modifier les propriĂ©tĂ©s physico-chimiques des molĂ©cules qui le contiennent, telles que l'aciditĂ©, la lipophilie ou encore la solubilitĂ©. Par consĂ©quent, les cyclopropanes fluorĂ©s reprĂ©sentent des motifs intĂ©ressants dans la mesure oĂč ils combinent les propriĂ©tĂ©s des cyclopropanes et celles de l'atome de fluor. Dans ce contexte, nous nous sommes tout d'abord intĂ©ressĂ©s Ă la synthĂšse Ă©nantiosĂ©lective de cyclopropanes fluorĂ©s polyfonctionnalisĂ©s Ă partir d'olĂ©fines fluorĂ©es et de composĂ©s diazos, par catalyse au rhodium. Pour cela, deux types de composĂ©s diazos ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s : les diaccepteurs et les donneur-accepteurs. Cette mĂ©thodologie a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tendue Ă la synthĂšse de cyclopropanes chlorĂ©s et bromĂ©s. Afin de mettre en valeur les composĂ©s ainsi obtenus, nous avons ensuite Ă©tudiĂ© la synthĂšse de molĂ©cules d'intĂ©rĂȘt biologique, et plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment de mimes d'aminoacides contenant un cyclopropane fluorĂ©. En effet, leur introduction dans des peptides pourrait permettre d'en modifier la conformation et l'interaction avec les rĂ©cepteurs biologiques. Dans ce cadre, la synthĂšse d'un mime de proline contenant un cyclopropane fluorĂ© a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e. Par ailleurs, un mime de leucine contenant un cyclopropane fluorĂ© a Ă©tĂ© introduit dans la sĂ©quence minimum active de la neurotensine et permet d'obtenir une bonne sĂ©lectivitĂ© pour le rĂ©cepteur NTS2, ce qui ouvre des perspectives pour le dĂ©veloppement de nouveaux analgĂ©siques possĂ©dant moins d'effets secondaires. Pour terminer, nous avons examinĂ© la synthĂšse de composĂ©s diazos en flux continu. A l'heure actuelle, ceux-ci sont peu utilisĂ©s dans l'industrie car ils prĂ©sentent une certaine toxicitĂ©, une potentielle explosivitĂ© et une instabilitĂ© qui limite leur stockage. La chimie en flux continu constitue donc une alternative pour les utiliser, puisque leur synthĂšse, leur purification et leur mise en rĂ©action se fait en continu sur de petites quantitĂ©s Ă la fois et ne nĂ©cessite pas d'intervention de la part d'un opĂ©rateur. Ainsi, les risques prĂ©sentĂ©s par la montĂ©e en Ă©chelle de la rĂ©action de cyclopropanation prĂ©cĂ©demment dĂ©veloppĂ©e sont fortement diminuĂ©s.The cyclopropane ring is present in many natural or non-natural bioactive compounds, whose biodisponibility and metabolic stability is increased by its structural rigidity. Besides, the fluorine atom displays singular properties due to its high electronegativity and its small size. This enables to modify the physico-chemical properties of molecules such as acidity, lipophilicity or solubility. As a consequence, fluorinated cyclopropanes represent interesting scaffolds since they combine the properties of cyclopropanes and fluorine atom. In this context, we were interested in the enantioselective synthesis of polyfunctionalized fluorinated cyclopropanes from fluorinated olefins and diazo compounds under rhodium catalysis. For this purpose, two types of diazo compounds were investigated: diacceptor and donor-acceptor. This methodology was further extended to the synthesis of chlorinated and brominated cyclopropanes. To highlight the versatility of these compounds, we then turned our attention to the synthesis of biorelevant targets, and more precisely aminoacids containing a fluorocyclopropane moiety. Indeed, their introduction into peptides could allow to modify their conformation and interactions with biological receptors. In that aim, the synthesis of an analogue of proline containg a fluorocyclopropane was developed. An analogue of leucine containing a fluorocyclopropane was also introduced in the minimum active sequence of neurotensin and shows a good selectivity for the NTS2 receptor. This opens up prospects for the development of new analgesics with less side effects. Finally, we examined the flow synthesis of diazo compounds. Nowadays, diazo compounds are scarcely used in the industry because they exhibit some toxicity, potential explosibility and instability, which restrict their storage. Flow chemistry may constitute an alternative to use them since their synthesis, purification and reaction is continuously made on small quantities at a time and do not require any manipulation from an operator. Hence, the hazards arising from the scale up of the cyclopropanation reaction are highly reduced
Do clowns attenuate pain and anxiety undergoing botulinum toxin injections in children?
International audienc
Synthesis and Applications of Fluorocyclopropanes
International audienceThe combination of a fluorine atom and a cyclopropane ring, which both possess unique structural and chemical features, can generate new relevant scaffolds with potential interest for the synthesis of new bioactive compounds. In this review, we report the impressive progress recently devoted to the synthesis of fluorocyclopropanes especially using asymmetric methods and highlight some recent reported applications.1 Introduction2 Addition of Carbenes to Fluoroalkenes3 Addition of Fluorocarbenes to Alkenes4 Michael Initiated Ring Closure5 Nucleophilic Fluorination6 Applications to the Synthesis of Biorelevant Compounds7 Conclusio
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Halocyclopropanes
International audienceA catalytic asymmetric synthesis of halocyclopropanes is described. The developed method is based on a carbenoid cyclopropanation of 2-haloalkenes with tertbutyl a-cyano-a-diazoacetate using a chiral rhodium catalyst that permits access to a broad range of highly functionalized chiral halocyclopropanes (F, Cl, Br, and I) in good yields, moderate diastereoselectivity, and excellent enantiomeric ratios. The reported methodology represents the first general catalytic enantioselective approach to halocyclopropanes
Catalytic Enantioselective Cyclopropanation of α-Fluoroacrylates: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
International audienceHerein, we report the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of functionalized fluorocyclopropanes from α-fluoroacrylates. The method using Rh2((S)-TCPTTL)4 allowed the difficult reaction of an in situ-generated electrophilic Rh-carbene with an electron-poor α-fluoroacrylate. The desired fluorocyclopropanes were obtained in good yields, excellent dr and ee. Finally, the mechanism of this transformation was studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations to explain the particular reactivity of the donorâacceptor diazo compounds with electron-deficient α-fluoroacrylates
Rhodium-Catalyzed Cyclopropanation of Fluorinated Ole ns: A Straightforward Route to Highly Functionalized Fluorocyclopropanes
International audienceAn efficient access to highly functionalized monofluorocyclopropanes is described. The developed methodology allowed straightforward access to a large panel of polysubstituted fluorinated cyclopropanes in good to excellent yields and good diastereoselectivities. The Rh-catalyzed cyclopropanation proved to be efficient on several fluorinated olefins and several diazo compounds. This method represents the first general route to complex fluorinated cyclopropanes
Progress toward the total synthesis of mirabalin isomers
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Additional file 1 of Global analysis of suppressor mutations that rescue human genetic defects
Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Literature curation process. Fig. S2. Suppressor genes are important for maintaining health and cellular fitness. Fig. S3. Overlap with other interaction networks. Fig. S4. Functional connections between query and suppressor genes. Fig. S5. General mechanistic classes of suppression. Fig. S6. Query gene knockout is associated with large variation in fitness across cell lines. Fig. S7. Suppressor gene prediction