Sedimentation, earthquakes, and tsunamis in a shallow, muddy epeiric sea: Grinnell Formation (Belt Supergroup, ca. 1.45 Ga), western North America

Interpreting the deposits of ancient epeiric seas presents unique challenges because of the lack of direct modern analogs. Whereas many such seas were tectonically relatively quiescent, and successions are comparatively thin and punctuated by numerous sedimentary breaks, the Mesoproterozoic Belt Basin of western North America was structurally active and experienced dramatic and continuous subsidence and sediment accumulation. The Grinnell Formation (ca. 1.45 Ga) in the lower part of the Belt Supergroup affords an opportunity to explore the interplay between sedimentation and syndepositional tectonics in a low-energy, lake-like setting. The formation is a thick, vivid, red- to maroon-colored mudstone-dominated unit that crops out in northwestern Montana and adjacent southwestern Alberta, Canada. The mudstone, or argillite, consists of laminated siltstone and claystone, with normal grading, local lowamplitude, short-wavelength symmetrical ripples, and intercalations of thin tabular intraclasts. These intraclasts suggest that the muds acquired a degree of stiffness on the seafloor. Halite crystal molds and casts are present sporadically on bedding surfaces. Beds are pervasively cut by mudcracks exhibiting a wide variety of patterns in plan view, ranging from polygonal to linear to spindle-shaped. These vertical to subvertical cracks are filled with upward-injected mud and small claystone intraclasts. Variably interbedded are individual, bundled, or amalgamated, thin to medium beds of white, cross-laminated, medium- to coarse-grained sandstone, or quartzite. These are composed of rounded quartz grains, typically with subangular to rounded mudstone intraclasts. Either or both the bottoms and tops of sandstone beds commonly show sandstone dikes indicative of downward and upward injection. Both the mudcracks and the sandstone dikes are seismites, the result of mud shrinkage and sediment injection during earthquakes. An origin via passive desiccation or syneresis is not supported, and there is no evidence that the sediments were deposited on alluvial plains, tidal flats, or playas, as has been universally assumed. Rather, deposition occurred in relatively low-energy conditions at the limit of ambient storm wave base. The halite is not from in situ evaporation but precipitated from hypersaline brines that were concentrated in nearshore areas and flowed into the basin causing temporary density stratification. Sandstone beds are not fluvial. Instead, they consist of allochthonous sediment and record a combination of unidirectional and oscillatory currents. The rounded nature of the sand and irregular stratigraphic distribution of the sandstone intervals are explained not by deltaic influx or as tempestites but as coastal sands delivered from the eastern side of the basin by off-surge from episodic tsunamis generated by normal faulting mainly in the basin center. The sands were commonly reworked by subsequent tsunami onrush, off-surge, seiching, and weak storminduced wave action. Although the Grinnell Formation might appear superficially to have the typical hallmarks of a subaerial mudflat deposit, its attributes in detail reveal that sedimentation and deformation took place in an entirely submerged setting. This is relevant for the deposits of other ancient epeiric seas as well as continental shelves, and it should invite reconsideration of comparable successions.Fil: Pratt, Brian. University of Saskatchewan; CanadáFil: Ponce, Juan Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología; Argentin

Tidal signature recorded in burrow fill

The arrangement of sediment couplets preserved in Thalassinoides shafts suggests that tides regulated the passive filling of these trace fossils and, thus, represent tubular tidalites. The thickness variation in individual layers and couplets implies a mixed diurnal, semi-diurnal tidal signature where packages of either thick-layered or thin-layered couplets alternate. Calcarenitic sediment accumulated when tidal current velocity was too high to allow deposition of mud, whereas a marly mud layer is interpreted to have formed during more tranquil times of a tidal cycle (in particular, low-tide slack water). The tidal record within the burrows covers a few weeks and the corresponding spring-neap cycles. The fill of the Thalassinoides shafts is the only known record to decipher the tidal signature from otherwise totally bioturbated sediments. These deposits accumulated in a lower-shoreface to upper-offshore setting during the late Miocene on a shallow shelf extending from the Atlantic Ocean to the west into northern Patagonia. The fill of all investigated burrows started around spring tide and, thus, the behaviour of the burrow producers - probably crustaceans - is speculated to have been affected by tides or the high water level because all studied burrows became abandoned around the same period of a tidal cycle.Fil: Wetzel, Andreas. Universidad de Basilea; SuizaFil: Carmona, Noelia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Alto Valle. Instituto de Investigaciones en Paleobiología y Geología; ArgentinaFil: Ponce, Juan Jose. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Alto Valle. Instituto de Investigaciones en Paleobiología y Geología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentin

Gyrochorte "highways" and their environmental significance in shallow-marine sediments

The reworking of a trace by a subsequently following organism represents a so-called sequorichnial behavior and leads to formation of a “burrowing highway”. Burrowing highways occur more frequently than assumed in the fossil record. Their ichnological and sedimentological meaning is elucidated by using the trace fossil Gyrochorte. Gyrochorte producers exploiting sandy event beds tend to use “burrowing highways” in the same direction. Evidently, the Gyrochorte producers are thigmotactically highly sensitive as they can recognize a burrow produced by the same species because of the less densely packed grains, a somewhat increased mud content, and supposedly mucus segregated within the burrow. These changes make the reworking of pre-existing burrows energetically advantageous. However, in shallow-marine settings mucus is degraded rapidly and loose sediment consolidates in a short while. Therefore, the time to recognize a pre-existing burrow appears to be limited and a rather high number of organisms is a prerequisite for reutilization of a previous trace. “Burrow highways” potentially represent an additional criterion to characterize an opportunistic population strategyFil: Wetzel, Andreas. Universität Basel; SuizaFil: Carmona, Noelia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Alto Valle. Instituto de Investigaciones en Paleobiología y Geología; ArgentinaFil: Ponce, Juan Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Alto Valle. Instituto de Investigaciones en Paleobiología y Geología; Argentin

Ansiedad y agresividad en adolescentes de la Institución Educativa "Maria Auxiliadora" de Cercado de Lima, 2022

El presente estudio tuvo como fin determinar la relación significativa entre la ansiedad y la agresividad en los estudiantes de la institución educativa María Auxiliadora, en el cercado de Lima, 2020. El enfoque fue cuantitativo de diseño no experimental, de corte trasversal y de tipo descriptiva, la muestra estuvo compuesta por 138 adolescentes entre 11 y 18 años de edad de ambos sexos y se usaron para los propósitos de la misma, los inventarios de ansiedad de Beck (BAI) y el inventario de agresividad de Buss y Perry. Los resultados arrojaron una correlación de tipo directa positiva y con un grado de significancia moderada (p=0.00; r=0,68), Con respecto a los objetivos específicos se encontró que si existe correlación positiva moderada entre las dimensiones de la ansiedad con la agresividad. Por lo que se concluye que los estudiantes de la institución María Auxiliadora, en cercado de Lima, tienen indicadores de ansiedad y agresividad, también obtuvieron un nivel de ansiedad leve con un 57,2% y una agresividad media de 26% para este estudio

Understanding organic materials performance in field-effect transistors

Comunicación oralIn the last years, much of our effort has been devoted to the search and study of new high-mobility semiconductors for organic thin film transistors. The approach used for the materials design has been two-fold: (i) the combination of donor and acceptor moieties in the pi-conjugated skeleton, which allows fine tuning of the frontier molecular orbitals, being this necessary for achieving electron/hole or ambipolar transport and ambient stability; and (ii) rational selection of the type and positioning of specific solubilizing substituents ensuring processability, which is essential to make these materials scalable to industry. However, material processability should be attained minimizing a negative effect on charge transport. Therefore, proper energy levels, planar molecular conformations, close intermolecular pi-pi stacking and adequate thin film crystallinity need to be maintained upon alkyl substitution. In this communication, several examples of molecular and polymeric materials are shown. A rational design, guided by experimental and theoretical evidences, has prompted modifications on their conjugated skeletons, donor/acceptor subunits ratio and/or selection of proper alkyl solubilizing chains, which induce noticeable changes in their electronic performances. The main aim of these studies is the basic understanding of charge transport in organic materials. For this end, we will use Raman spectroscopy and DFT quantum-chemical calculations as important tools for materials characterization.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Development of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the presence of different patterns of Trifolium repens shoot flavonoids

We tested the effects of the flavonoid 3-methoxi-5,6,7,8-hydroxy-4'hydroxy flavone (NMHTV) isolated from shoots of non arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculated clover, and of the flavonoids 5,6,7,8-hydroxy-3-methoxy flavone (MH-1); 5,6,7,8-hydroxy-4'- hydroxy flavone (MH-2); and 5,7-hydroxy-3,4'-methoxy flavone (MH-3); isolated from AM clover (Trifolium repens) shoots, on spore germination, hyphal length, hyphal branches and the number of cluster of auxiliary cells or the number of secondary spores (Presymbiotic stage) and on the number of entry points and the percentage of AM colonized root of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) by the AM fungi Gigaspora rosea, Giaspora margarita, Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices (Symbiotic stage). Non significant effects of the flavonoids isolated from the shoot of mycorrhizal colonized clover on the presymbiotic and symbiotic stages of Gigaspora and Glomus endophytes were found. The flavonoid NMHTV isolated from non AM clover shoot, did not affect the percentage of germination of spores but significantly increased (P < 0.05) the other steps of the presymbiotic stage of Gi. margarita spores when 2 μM concentration was used. The symbiotic stage of Gi. margarita was also significantly increased when 2 μM of the flavonoid NMHTV was applied. This flavonoid had no effect on the presymbiotic development of G. mosseae, G. intraradices and Gi. rosea except when 8 μM concentration was used, which inhibited the hyphal length of Gi. rosea. These results suggest the possible implication of the flavonoid NMHTV in the susceptibility of tomato roots to the AM formation by Gi. margarita. The absence of stimulation of the AM presymbiotic and symbiotic stages in tomato by exogenous application of the newly synthesized flavonoids MH-1, MH-2, and MH-3, in clover shoots after AM colonization, indicated that the autorregulation of the AM symbiosis can be, at least partially, due to the disappearance of flavonoids in AM colonized plants that stimulated the AM symbiosis.Fil: Scervino, Jose Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Ponce, María Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono; ArgentinaFil: Della Mónica, Ivana Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono; ArgentinaFil: Vierheilig, Horst. Universitat Fur Bodenkultur Wien; Austria. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Estación Experimental del Zaidín; EspañaFil: Ocampo, Juan Antonio. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Estación Experimental del Zaidín; EspañaFil: Godeas, Alicia Margarita. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Planteamiento de mejora y proceso en gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo de la empresa Verukas Ingenieros E.I.R.L. - Huacho 2022

Objetivo: Nuestro trabajo de planteamiento y mejora en gestión de SST, es hoy en día muy indispensable en toda empresa. Siendo así la realidad problemática de la empresa Verukas Ingenieros E.I.R.L. con sus trabajadores y el alto índice de accidentes, incidentes y salud. Así mismo, al haber encontrado una pésima gestión de SST por falta de profesionales en el área de SSOMA, existía una ineficiente prevención de trabajo seguro. Las documentaciones que deben estar de forma obligatoria según la Ley 29783, la encontramos en muy malas condiciones, inclinándonos así por la inclusión de SST. Debemos indicar que las supervisiones minuciosas en las diferentes áreas de trabajo no existían, lográndose observar la falta de aceptación de SST por parte de los directivos y trabajadores. Una vez aplicado el sistema de gestión de SST podemos ver en el programa estadístico TStudent que obtenemos de forma satisfactoria el t crítico (valor crítico de t) es “1.68”, t de prueba (estadístico t) es “-14.85”. Siendo así rechazada por los valores obtenidos la hipótesis nul

Sedimentología e Icnología de deltas fluvio-dominados afectados por descargas hiperpícnicas de la Formación Lajas (Jurásico Medio), Cuenca Neuquina, Argentina

En las áreas de Portada Covunco y Sierra de la Vaca Muerta, la Formación Lajas representa una sucesión deltaica fluvio-dominada integrada por depósitos de prodelta y frente deltaico, afectados por descargas hiperpícnicas y reelaborados por acción de oleaje (normal y de tormenta). Los depósitos de prodelta muestran una marcada geometría tabular con alternancia entre fangolitas y areniscas finas con abundante contenido de materia orgánica y desarrollo de una icnofacies de Cruziana empobrecida. Los depósitos de frente deltaico, integrados por fangolitas, areniscas finas a gruesas y conglomerados finos, presentan cuerpos de geometría tabular con desarrollo de las icnofacies de Skolithos y Glossifungites, esta última relacionada a la avulsión de lóbulos deltaicos. La progradación normal del sistema deltaico muestra intervalos estratigráficos integrados por cuerpos lenticulares y tabulares de espesor variable asignados a canales y lóbulos hiperpícnicos. Internamente estos depósitos presentan un pasaje transicional y recurrente entre diferentes estructuras sedimentarias con marcadas variaciones texturales, múltiples superficies de reactivación interna, y abundante contenido de materia orgánica. Los sistemas de canales hiperpícnicos muestran dimensiones y estilos de relleno diferentes. Al pie de las zonas de mayor gradiente, las descargas hiperpícnicas generaron canales mayores con relleno agradacional, mientras que en posiciones de menor gradiente del sistema, se desarrollaron canales de alta sinuosidad. En las zonas donde el flujo hiperpícnico perdió confinamiento se produjo la acumulación de sistemas de lóbulos hiperpícnicos. La presencia de niveles de conglomerados afectados por acción de oleaje coronando los arreglos, marcan los planos de pausa en la sedimentación, en los cuales se desarrollaron ventanas de colonización para el establecimiento de la fauna bentónica.There are few recognized examples of fluvial-dominated deltaic systems affected by hyperpycnal discharges. The development of predictive models in those systems are essential to understand the distribution of sedimentary facies and for determining the location of the main sandy bodies, which constitute the potential hidrocarbon reservoirs. In Portada Covunco and Sierra de la Vaca Muerta areas (Neuquén, Argentina), the Lajas Formation constitutes an excellent example of a deltaic fluvio-dominated succession consisting of prodelta and deltaic front deposits, affected by hyperpycnal discharges and reworked by wave action (storm and normal wave action). Prodelta deposits show a strongly tabular geometry alternating between mudstones and fine sandstones with abundant organic matter and development of an impoverished Cruziana ichnofacies. Deltaic-front deposits are integrated by mudstones, fine to coarse sandstones and fine conglomerates showing tabular geometries and development of the Skolithos and Glossifungites ichnofacies, the later related to deltaic lobe avulsión. Normal progradation of this deltaic system shows stratigraphic intervals consisting of tabular and lenticular bodies of variable thicknesses assigned to hyperpycnal-channel and lobe systems. Internally, these deposits show transitional and recurrent passages between different sedimentary structures with marked textural variations, multiple internal reactivation surfaces and abundant organic matter content. Hyperpycnal channels systems have different dimensions and fill patterns. At the foot of the areas with the greatest gradients, hyperpycnal discharges produced mayor channels with aggradational fill, whereas in areas with lower gradients, high sinuosity channels developed. Hyperpycnal lobes were accumulated in areas where hyperpycnal flows lost confinement. The presence of conglomeratic levels affected by wave action on top of the lobe deposits indicates pauses in sedimentation during which colonization windows could develope, allowing the establishment of the benthic fauna.Fil: Canale, Nerina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Alto Valle. Instituto de Investigaciones en Paleobiología y Geología; ArgentinaFil: Ponce, Juan Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Alto Valle. Instituto de Investigaciones en Paleobiología y Geología; ArgentinaFil: Carmona, Noelia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Alto Valle. Instituto de Investigaciones en Paleobiología y Geología; ArgentinaFil: Drittanti, Daniel. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Olivera, Daniela Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Geológico del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología. Instituto Geológico del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Marcelo Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Geológico del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología. Instituto Geológico del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Bournod, Constanza Naimé. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Geológico del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología. Instituto Geológico del Sur; Argentin

Sedimentological and ichnological analyses of the continental to marginal-marine Centenario Formation (Cretaceous), Neuquén Basin, Argentina: Reservoir implications

The upper Valanginian – lower Aptian Centenario Formation is a significant producer of oil and gas in the Neuquén Basin, western Argentina. This formation is located exclusively in the subsurface of the eastern and northeastern Neuquén Basin, and is 450–1000 m thick. The Centenario Formation laterally interfingers with the Agrio Formation. Previous studies addressing the paleogeographic history of the Centenario Formation are scarce, and a comprehensive geological model has yet to be put forward. The current study scrutinizes the Centenario Formation, especially its lower member, within the northeastern Neuquén Basin. The study area includes the Cerro Hamaca Oeste, Señal Cerro Bayo, and Volcán Auca Mahuida oilfields operated by Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF). Sedimentological and ichnological core data, geophysical well logs, and petrographic thin sections have been utilized to construct a geological model. Eleven sedimentary facies and three facies associations have been identified from the core dataset, providing insights into the paleoenvironmental settings and their stresses on infaunal colonization. Basin-margin deposits from the northeastern part of the study region were formed in continental environments, comprising ephemeral fluvial channel complexes and floodplains, and are ichnologically represented by rare Skolithos and common rhizoliths. The central part of the study area is interpreted as recording deposition in ephemeral lakes, river-dominated lake deltas, and coastal lagoons and sabkhas, and is represented by a combination of stressed expressions of both the Skolithos and Scoyenia Ichnofacies. River-dominated, storm-influenced delta deposits are located towards the southwestern limit of the study area, and are ichnologically represented by the Skolithos and depauperate Cruziana Ichnofacies. Deltaic deposits gradually transition into the basinal facies of the Agrio Formation to the west. Overall sedimentologic characteristics suggest semi-arid to arid climatic conditions during deposition.Fil: Shchepetkina, Alina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro; Argentina. University of Saskatchewan; Canadá. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ponce, Juan Jose. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Carmona, Noelia Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mángano, M. Gabriela. University of Saskatchewan; CanadáFil: Buatois, Luis Alberto. University of Saskatchewan; Canadá. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ribas, Soledad. YPF - Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Villar Benvenuto, Marcela Celeste. YPF - Tecnología; Argentin