Judging the Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Assessment Tools to Guide Future Tool Development: The Use of Clinimetrics as Opposed to Psychometrics

In the face of the current Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) epidemic, there is considerable variability in the assessment and management of infants with NAS. In this manuscript, we particularly focus on NAS assessment, with special attention given to the popular Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Score (FNAS). A major instigator of the problem of variable practices is that multiple modified versions of the FNAS exist and continue to be proposed, including shortened versions. Furthermore, the validity of such assessment tools has been questioned, and as a result, the need for better tools has been suggested. The ultimate purpose of this manuscript, therefore, is to increase researchers\u27 and clinicians\u27 understanding on how to judge the usefulness of NAS assessment tools in order to guide future tool development and to reduce variable practices. In short, we suggest that judgment of NAS assessment tools should be made on a clinimetrics viewpoint as opposed to psychometrically. We provide examples, address multiple issues that must be considered, and discuss future tool development. Furthermore, we urge researchers and clinicians to come together, utilizing their knowledge and experience, to assess the utility and practicality of existing assessment tools and to determine if one or more new or modified tools are needed with the goal of increased agreement on the assessment of NAS in practice

Prácticas restaurativas: construyendo la comunidad desde los centros de enseñanza

El desenvolupament i la cohesió social d’una comunitat es poden fomentar des de diferents àmbits. En aquest cas, presentam el procés d’implementació d’un programa de pràctiques restauratives, en el qual participen sis centres educatius de Palma, quatre d’aquests es troben ubicats al barri de Son Gotleu. Es tracta d’una intervenció que vol afavorir les relacions positives entre la comunitat educativa (famílies, professorat, alumnes...) i per extensió a la resta de població, iniciant un moviment des dels centres educatius d’educació primària i secundària, amb la participació d’altres serveis.A community’s development and social cohesion can be fostered through different areas. In this case, we present the introduction of a programme of restorative practices involving six education centres in Palma, four in the Son Gotleu district. This programme aims to promote positive relations between the education community (families, teaching staff, pupils etc.) and the rest of the population, starting a movement that begins in primary and secondary schools, with the participation of other services

Presencia de Caliche Fósil en el Buntsandstein del vall del Congost (Provincia de Barcelona)

The prosence of fossil caliche of Lower Triassic age is pointed out and it is interpretad as eariy mature caliche resulting from shart subaerial exposures in semiarid conditions. Two lcinds of cnvironments are deduced in accordance to those two models of lithdogicd scequences where the caliche is founded: dista1 piedmont alluvial plains and "playas", and levees and ponds in a meandering plain

Internal ribosome entry site drives cap-independent translation of reaper and heat shock protein 70 mRNAs in Drosophila embryos

Translation is a sensitive regulatory step during cellular stress and the apoptosis response. Under such conditions, cap-dependent translation is reduced and internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent translation plays a major role. However, many aspects of how mRNAs are translated under stress remain to be elucidated. Here we report that reaper mRNA, a pro-apoptotic gene from Drosophila melanogaster, is translated in a cap-independent manner. In Drosophila mutant embryos devoid of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), reaper transcription is induced and apoptosis proceeds. In vitro translation experiments using wild-type and eIF4E mutant embryonic extracts show that reporter mRNA bearing reaper 5′ untranslated region (UTR) is effectively translated in a cap-independent manner. The 5′UTR of reaper exhibits a high degree of similarity with that of Drosophila heat shock protein 70 mRNA, and both display IRES activity. Studies of mRNA association to polysomes in embryos indicate that both reaper and heat shock protein 70 70 mRNAs are recruited to polysomes under apoptosis or thermal stress. Our data suggest that heat shock protein 70 70 and reaper, two antagonizing factors in apoptosis, use a similar mechanism for protein synthesis.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Influencia de la website sobre el patrocinio : segmentación PLS-POS

El patrocinio es una de las técnicas de marketing no convencionales que más inversión atrae en el área deportiva. Junto con el sitio web, es una de las principales fuentes de ingresos de las entidades y organizaciones deportivas. Este estudio aplica una segmentación no observada orientada a la predicción (PLS-POS) con el objetivo de examinar el efecto del sitio web sobre el proceso de transmisión de imagen según la teoría propuesta por Gwinner (1997). Obtuvimos 225 encuestas insertando un cuestionario creado ad hoc en un banner de un evento internacional de tenis. La variable actitud hacia el deporte es la mejor variable para segmentar la muestra según los resultados del PLS-POS y la técnica de árbol de decisión CHAID. El estudio aporta dos importantes novedades, por un lado examina la influencia del sitio web sobre el efecto del patrocinio, y por otro, aplica una metodología inédita en el estudio del patrocinio.Sponsorship is among the unconventional marketing techniques that attract the most investment in the sports field. Along with webs, sponsorship is one the main sources of income for sports entities and organizations. Following Gwinner's theory (1997), this study applies a predictionoriented unobserved segmentation (PLS-POS) with the aim of exploring the impact of websites on the image transfer process. We gathered 225 surveys by displaying a banner in a tennis international event. The variable 'attitude towards sport' is the best one for segmenting the sample according to the results of the PLS-POS method and the CHAID decision tree technique. The study introduces two significant developments: on one hand, it analyzes the impact of websites on the effect of sponsorship, while on the other hand it applies an unprecedented methodology to the study of sponsorship

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Comparison Between the Two Most Used Diagnostic Criteria

Objectives: To compare the Shennan\u27s and the consensus definition of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) workshop and analyze specific risk factors associated with each definition. Study design: Retrospective analysis of records of 274 infants admitted to a level IV intensive care unit. Infants were classified as having BPD or no BPD by both definitions. Differences in incidence and risk factors were analyzed. Statistical methods included descriptive statistics, comparative tests, and marginal logistic regression modeling. Results: The estimated difference in prevalence was 32% [95% CI: (26%, 37%), (p \u3c 0.0001)] between both criteria. The prevalence of BPD was 80% higher based on the NIH criteria [RR = 1.80; 95% CI: (1.58, 2.06)]. Infants with no BPD by the Shennan definition were breathing room air with or without positive or continuous pressure support and were most likely to be discharged home on oxygen [OR = 4.47, 95% CI: (1.20, 16.61), p = 0.03]. Gestational age, birth weight, and 1-min Apgar score predicted BPD by both definitions. Chorioamnionitis increased the risk of BPD by the Shennan definition but was associated with lower risk by the NIH criteria. IUGR was associated with BPD by the Shennan definition and with severe BPD by the NIH criteria. Conclusion: Compared to the Shennan\u27s definition, the NIH consensus identified 80% more infants with BPD and is a better predictor of oxygen requirement at discharge. Until a new better criteria is develop, the NIH consensus definition should be used across centers