Alteración termoxidativa en un aceite de girasol utilizado en 75 frituras de patatas

The alteration of a sunflower oil used in 75 repeated deep fat frying of potatoes performed with addition of unused oil every 4-5 fryings with the aim to keep constant the proportion food/oil in 500 g / 3 liters, was evaluated by column and high performance size exclusion chromatographies. The polar components increased from 5.09 ± 0.21 (unused oil) to 19.11 ± 0,40 mg/100 mg oil mainly due to the formation of polymers and dimers of triacylglycerides, and to oxidized triacylglycerides. Oils, unused and from the 75 frying, were included at a rate of 15% on rat-diets. Dietary food intakes were similar, however body weight gain was a 22.3% lower in rat fed with the used oil-diet. Apparent digestibility ratios of fat and protein were similar in both groups of rats, however both. Alimentary and Protein Efficiency ratios decreased on the 75 frying oil fed rats.Se evalúa la alteración de un aceite de girasol utilizado en 75 frituras repetidas de patatas, efectuadas con adición de aceite sin usar cada 4-5 frituras con la finalidad de mantener constante la proporción alimento/aceite en 500 g / 3 litros, mediante cromatografías en columna y de alta eficacia por exclusión de tamaño de partícula. El contenido de los compuestos polares se incrementó de 5.09 ± 0.21 (aceite sin usar) a 19.11 ± 0.40 mg/100 mg de aceite, predominando los polímeros y dímeros de triacilglicéridos y los triacilglicéridos oxidados. Dichos aceites, sin usar y utilizado en 75 frituras, se incluyeron en la proporción del 15% en las dietas del lote basal y del lote fritura 75, respectivamente. La ingesta de ambas dietas fue similar, pero la ganancia de peso resultó ser un 22,3% menor en el lote fritura 75. Los coeficientes de digestibilidad aparente de grasa y proteína fueron similares en ambos lotes, pero la utilización nutritiva en términos de coeficientes de Eficacia Alimentaria y Proteica fue menor en el lote fritura 75

Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes.

The Penouta Sn-Ta deposit, in the northwest of Spain, is a greisenized granitic cupola where Ta minerals occur mainly as disseminations in a leucogranite body intruded in Precambrian-Lower Cambrian gneises and mica-schists. This leucogranite is a medium- to fine-grained inequigranular rock consisting mainly of quartz, albite, K-feldspar and muscovite. Accessory minerals are mainly of spessartine, zircon, cassiterite, Nb-Ta oxides, monazite, xenotime, native bismuth and pyrite. The alteration processes were mainly albitization, muscovitization and kaolinitization. This leucogranite is peraluminous and P-poor, with 0.03-0.07 wt.% P2O5, 900-1500 ppm Rb, 30-65 ppm Cs, 120-533 ppm Li, 80-140 ppm Ta, 51-81 ppm Nb and up to 569 ppm of Sn. Mineralogical characterization of Nb-Ta oxide minerals was determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis and mineral liberation analysis. Mn-rich members of the columbite-group minerals (CGM) are the most common Ta-bearing phases, but microlite, wodginite, tapiolite and Ta-rich cassiterite occur also. CGM crystals are commonly zoned concentrically, with a Nb-rich core surrounded by a Ta-rich rim, with a sharp boundary between them. Convoluted zoning occurs also. Dissolution textures resulting from the corrosion of columbite and tantalite rims, in particular, are common. TheMn/(Mn + Fe) ratio varies between 0.33 and 0.97 and the Ta/(Ta + Nb) ratio between 0.07 and 0.93. Wodginite and microlite formed as late replacements of CGM and occur associated with tantalite and cassiterite. Subhedral to anhedral cassiterite crystals, usually up to 200 μmacross, occur in two generations: the earlier one is Nb,Ta-poor whereas in the later generation, the Ta content can reach >9 wt.%of Ta2O5 and 1.7 wt.%of Nb. The presence of a fluid phase in the apical zone of the granite, probably related to the separation of a fluid/vapour of the melt, could explain the sponge-like textures, the Ta enrichment associated with these textures, the occurrence of Taenriched mineral phases (microlite and wodginite) and their common interstitial character

Optimization of Control Strategies for Non-Domiciliated Triatoma dimidiata, Chagas Disease Vector in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico

Chagas disease is the most important vector-borne disease in Latin America. Residual insecticide spraying has been used successfully for the elimination of domestic vectors in many regions. However, some vectors of non-domestic origin are able to invade houses, and they are now a key challenge for further disease control. We developed a mathematical model to predict the temporal variations in abundance of non-domiciliated vectors inside houses, based on triatomine demographic parameters. The reliability of the predictions was demonstrated by comparing these with different sets of insect collection data from the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico. We then simulated vector control strategies based on insecticide spraying, insect, screens and bednets to evaluate their efficacy at reducing triatomine abundance in the houses. An optimum reduction in bug abundance by at least 80% could be obtained by insecticide application only when doses of at least 50 mg/m2 were applied every year within a two-month period matching the house invasion season by bugs. Alternatively, the use of insect screens consistently reduced bug abundance in the houses and offers a sustainable alternative. Such screens may be part of novel interventions for the integrated control of various vector-borne diseases

In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of a Palladacycle Complex on Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis

Leishmaniasis is an important public health problem with an estimated annual incidence of 1.5 million of new human cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis and 500,000 of visceral leishmaniasis. Treatment of the diseases is limited by toxicity and parasite resistance to the drugs currently in use, validating the need to develop new leishmanicidal compounds. We evaluated the killing by the palladacycle complex DPPE 1.2 of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, an agent of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Amazon region, Brazil. DPPE 1.2 destroyed promastigotes of L. (L.) amazonensis in vitro at nanomolar concentrations, whereas intracellular amastigotes were killed at drug concentrations 10-fold less toxic than those displayed to macrophages. L. (L.) amazonensis-infected BALB/c mice treated by intralesional injection of DPPE 1.2 exhibited a significant decrease of foot lesion sizes and a 97% reduction of parasite burdens when compared to untreated controls. Additional experiments indicated the inhibition of the cathepsin B activity of L. (L.) amazonensis amastigotes by DPPE 1.2. Further studies are needed to explore the potential of DPPE 1.2 as an additional option for the chemotherapy of leishmaniasis

Human resources: the Cinderella of health sector reform in Latin America

Human resources are the most important assets of any health system, and health workforce problems have for decades limited the efficiency and quality of Latin America health systems. World Bank-led reforms aimed at increasing equity, efficiency, quality of care and user satisfaction did not attempt to resolve the human resources problems that had been identified in multiple health sector assessments. However, the two most important reform policies – decentralization and privatization – have had a negative impact on the conditions of employment and prompted opposition from organized professionals and unions. In several countries of the region, the workforce became the most important obstacle to successful reform. This article is based on fieldwork and a review of the literature. It discusses the reasons that led health workers to oppose reform; the institutional and legal constraints to implementing reform as originally designed; the mismatch between the types of personnel needed for reform and the availability of professionals; the deficiencies of the reform implementation process; and the regulatory weaknesses of the region. The discussion presents workforce strategies that the reforms could have included to achieve the intended goals, and the need to take into account the values and political realities of the countries. The authors suggest that autochthonous solutions are more likely to succeed than solutions imported from the outside

Motives and comprehension in a public goods game with induced emotions

This study analyses the sensitivity of public goods contributions through the lens of psychological motives. We report the results of a public goods experiment in which subjects were induced with the motives of care and anger through autobiographical recall. Subjects' preferences, beliefs, and perceptions under each motive are compared with those of subjects experiencing a neutral autobiographical recall control condition. We find, but only for those subjects with the highest comprehension of the game, that care elicits significantly higher contributions than anger, with the control treatment in between. This positive influence of the care motive on unconditional giving is accounted for partly by preferences for giving and partly by the beliefs concerning greater contributions by others. Anger also affects attention to own and other's payoffs (using mouse tracking) and perceptions of the game's incentive structure (cooperative or competitive)

Utilização de lodo de fosfatização na produção de mudas de espécies nativas

Resíduos provenientes de processos industriais têm sido um dos principais passivos ambientais gerados na sociedade contemporânea, exigindo elevados custos para a sua disposição final. O seu reuso na agricultura é uma alternativa como fonte de nutrientes para as plantas e disposição final. O objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar a possibilidade de reaproveitamento do lodo de fosfatização gerado a partir do processo industrial de fosfatização de pistões na Mahle Metal Leve S.A., de Mogi Guaçu, Estado de São Paulo, para produção de mudas de espécies nativas utilizadas em reflorestamento. Um experimento foi instalado no Viveiro de Mudas e na Estufa da Ãrea de Fisiologia Vegetal do CREUPI â Centro Regional Universitário de Espírito Santo do Pinhal-SP. As espécies nativas avaliadas foram a mirindiba-rosa (Lafoensia glyptocarpa), paineira (Chorisia speciosa) e aroeira-pimenteira (Schinus terebinthifolia). O crescimento das plantas foi avaliado pela determinação da massa de matéria fresca e da massa de matéria seca. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o lodo de fosfatização da Mahle Metal Leve S.A. possui alto potencial para utilização na agricultura, mas se fazem necessários mais estudos para dimensionar a dosagem adequada em plantações de nativas. A aroeira-pimenteira apresentou o melhor desempenho entre as espécies avaliadas. Palavras chave: lodo de fosfatização, espécies nativas, reuso de resíduos. ABSTRACT Industrial residues have been one of the main environmental liabilities generated by contemporary society, requiring high costs for their final disposal. Their reuse in agricultural applications therefore represents na alternative solution, both as a source of nutrients for plants and for the final disposal of these residues. The main goal of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of reusing phosphate sludge generated by the industrial piston phosphatization processes of Mahle Metal Leve S.A., a metallurgical manufacturer located in Mogi Guaçu, state of São Paulo, Brazil, to fertilize seedlings of native tree species used for reforestation. An experiment was set up in the Seedling Nursery and the Greenhouse of the Department of Vegetal Physiology of CREUPI â Centro Regional de EspÃrito Santo do Pinhal, SP, Brazil. The native species evaluated were mirindiba-rosa (Lafoensia glyptocarpa), aroeira-pimenteira (Chorisia speciosa) and paineira (Schinus terebinthifolia). The plantsâ growth was assessed by determining the mass of fresh and dry matter. Our findings indicate that the phosphate sludge from Mahle Metal Leve S.A. has a promising potential for use in agriculture, although further studies are required to define the appropriate dosages for plantations of native tree species. Of the species evaluated, Aroeira-pimenteira displayed the most favorable response. Key words: phosphate sludge, native species, reuse of industrial residue

Characterisation of the stellar content of SDSS EELGs through self-consistent spectral modelling

This is an Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Extreme emission line galaxies (EELGs) are a notable galaxy genus, ultimately being regarded as local prototypes of early galaxies at the cosmic noon. Robust characterisation of their stellar content, however, is hindered by the exceptionally high nebular emission present in their optical spectroscopic data. This study is dedicated into recovering the stellar properties of a sample of 414 EELGs as observed by the SDSS Survey. Such is achieved by means of the spectral synthesis code FADO, which self-consistently considers the stellar and nebular emission in an optical spectrum. Additionally, a comparative analysis was carried on, by further processing the EELGs sample with the purely stellar spectral synthesis code STARLIGHT, and by extending the analysis to a sample of 697 normal star-forming galaxies, expected to be less affected by nebular contribution. We find that, for both galaxy samples, stellar mass and mean age estimates by STARLIGHT are systematically biased towards higher values, and that an adequate determination of the physical and evolutionary properties of EELGs via spectral synthesis is only possible when nebular continuum emission is taken into account. Moreover, the differences between the two population synthesis codes can be ascribed to the degree of star-formation activity through the specific star-formation rate and the sum of the flux of the most prominent emission lines. As expected, on the basis of the theoretical framework, our results emphasise the importance of considering the nebular emission while performing spectral synthesis, even for galaxies hosting typical levels of star-formation activity. © I. Breda et al. 2022.I.B., J.V.M., J.I.P., C.K., E.P.M and A.A.P. acknowledge financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa” award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709). J.V.M., J.I.P., C.K., and E.P.M. acknowledge financial support from projects Estallidos6 AYA2016-79724-C4 (Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad), Estallidos7 PID2019-107408GB-C44 (Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion), and grant P18-FR-2664 (Junta de Andalucía). R.A. acknowledges support from ANID Fondecyt Regular 1202007. P.P. thanks Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) for managing research funds graciously provided to Portugal by the EU and was supported through FCT grants UID/FIS/04434/2019, UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020 and the project “Identifying the Earliest Supermassive Black Holes with ALMA (IdEaS with ALMA)” (PTDC/FIS-AST/29245/2017). This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.Peer reviewe