llama meat nutritional properties

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of the muscle Longissimus thoracis taken from 20 llama males, reared in the Andean region, slaughtered at an age of 25 months and at a mean final body weight of 74kg. Llama meat showed a low fat (3.51%) and cholesterol content (58.16mg/100g), a good protein content (22.42%) and an ash content of 3.06%. The Warner-Bratzler shear force values determined in llama meat was 6.56 kg/cm2. This study confirmed that llama meat is healthy and nutritious, and represents a good source of proteins for Andean population

Redox activity and chemical speciation of size fractioned PM in the communities of the Los Angeles ? Long Beach Harbor

International audienceIn this study, two different types of assays were used to quantitatively measure the redox activity of PM and to examine its intrinsic toxicity: 1) in vitro exposure to rat alveolar macrophage (AM) cells using dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) as the fluorescent probe (macrophage ROS assay), and: 2) consumption of dithiothreitol (DTT) in a cell-free system (DTT assay). Coarse (PM10?2.5), accumulation (PM2.5?0.25), and quasi-ultrafine (quasi-UF, PM0.25) mode particles were collected weekly at five sampling sites in the Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbor and at one site near the University of Southern California campus (urban site). All PM samples were analyzed for organic (total and water-soluble) and elemental carbon, organic species, inorganic ions, and total and water-soluble elements. Quasi-UF mode particles showed the highest redox activity at all Long Beach sites (on both a per-mass and per-air volume basis). A significant association (R2=0.61) was observed between the two assays, indicating that macrophage ROS and DTT levels are affected at least partially by similar PM species. Relatively small variation was observed for the DTT measurements across all size fractions and sites, whereas macrophage ROS levels showed more significant ranges across the three different particle size modes and throughout the sites (coefficients of variation, or CVs, were 0.35, 0.24 and 0.53 for quasi-UF, accumulation, and coarse mode particles, respectively). Association between the PM constituents and the redox activity was further investigated using multiple linear regression models. The results showed that OC was the most important component influencing the DTT activity of PM samples. The variability of macrophage ROS was explained by changes in OC concentrations and water-soluble vanadium (probably originating from ship emissions ? bunker oil combustion). The multiple regression models were used to predict the average diurnal macrophage ROS and DTT levels as a function of the OC concentration at one of the sampling sites

Patrimonio Cultural y SIG: escalas de visualización y preservación

The city has been recognized as the biggest and more lasting realization of culture, where certain artifacts become over a period of time as of decisive importance, mainly when located with some spatial proximity nexus which can incorporate and differentiate themselves from the set, these ones can be recognized through cultural preservation zones. It is a consensus the necessary preservation of historical urban cultural patrimony, but experiences of negligence are also known with the pre-existing ones, mainly for certain lack of methods applicable to the conceptions and architecture and urban projects capable of maintaining the unity of the valuable historical surroundings. Thus, this study aims at advancing about visualization mechanisms, availability and popularization of data of urban environment of historical and cultural interest, where spatial analysis are possible for a better reading of its interest zones related to valorization and preservation of patrimony. This study aims at elaborating a GIS of the cultural patrimony, architectural and urban, of the city of Pelotas, Brazil, availability of information on the Internet about more than 2 thousands properties of interest for the preservation, concentrated in the eclectic segment of the end of the XIX century and beginning of the XX century. It is has been implemented three visualization scales, including all urban area, the preservation zones and one interest area in the interior of one zone, with increasing levels of resolution. At the same time, still an exploratory profile, it has been carried out grouping analysis, associating local and typological factors, identifying focus of concentration and rarefaction of buildings and values, resulting in spatial differentiation given by typologies and varied morphologies. It has also been explored resources of availability of GIS on the Internet, through Google Earth API resources. This study groups investigation with extension, generating knowledge and supporting public policies of the local Municipality, Secretary of Culture, bringing together preservation practices and valorization of patrimony to the community.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 8, Número 2 Otoño, 2015; 41-58La ciudad ha sido reconocida como la mayor y más duradera realización de la cultura, donde ciertos artefactos pasan a asumir a lo largo del tiempo decisiva importancia, principalmente cuando están localizados con algún nexo de proximidad espacial que agregue y diferencie del conjunto, pudiendo ser reconocidos a través de zonas de preservación cultural. Es consenso la necesaria preservación del patrimonio histórico cultural urbano, pero también son conocidas experiencias de descaso con las preexistencias, principalmente por la cierta escasez de métodos aplicables a la concepción de proyectos de arquitectura y urbanismo que mantengan la unidad del entorno histórico valorizado. De este modo, el objetivo principal del trabajo es avanzar sobre mecanismos de visualización, disponibilidad y popularización de los datos del ambiente urbano de interés histórico-cultural, donde análisis espaciales son posibles para una mejor lectura de sus zonas de interés a la valorización y preservación patrimonial. El trabajo está dedicado a elaborar un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) del patrimonio cultural, arquitectónico-urbano para la ciudad de Pelotas, Brasil, disponibilidad de informaciones en Internet sobre más de dos mil inmuebles de interés para la preservación, concentrados en la vertiente eclética del final del siglo XIX e inicio del siglo XX. Están siendo implementadas tres escalas de visualización, incluyendo toda el área urbana, las zonas de preservación y un área de interés en el interior de una zona, con niveles crecientes de resolución. Al mismo tiempo, aún en carácter exploratorio, están siendo realizadas análisis de agrupamiento, asociando factores locales y tipológicos, identificando focos de concentración y rarefacción de edificios y valores, resultando en diferenciación espacial dadas por tipologías y morfologías variadas. El trabajo agrupa investigación con extensión, generando conocimiento y apoyando las políticas públicas de la Intendencia Municipal, Secretaría de Cultura, aproximando prácticas de preservación y valorización patrimonial a la comunidad.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 8, Número 2 Otoño, 2015; 41-5

Fertilizer Potential of Organic-Based Soil Amendments on cv. Sangiovese (V. vinifera L.) Vines: Preliminary Results

The intensification of highly specialized viticulture has led to a dramatic decrease of soil fertility that can be restored by increasing soil organic matter using organic fertilizers. The aim of the present experiment was to evaluate the effect of different organic amendments on vine vegetative growth and nutritional status, soil N availability and microbial biomass, as well as on yield and grape quality. The experiment was carried out in 2020 and 2021, on cv. Sangiovese (Vitis vinifera L.) vines grafted on 110 Richter (V. berlandieri × V. rupestris) planted in February 2019. Plants were fer-tilized yearly in spring with (1) mineral fertilization (MIN), (2) municipal organic waste compost (MOW), and (3) sewage sludge compost (SS). The application of SS increased nitrate availability in both years, while the supply of organic matter (no matter the source) enhanced soil microbial bio-mass content. Plant nutritional status was in the optimal range for all treatments, with an increase of N in SS and K in MOW. Fruit yield in 2020 was not influenced by treatments, while in 2021 it was enhanced by MIN and MOW, which also induced a higher berry quality. Plant vegetative growth was stimulated by the application of SS. In conclusion, from these preliminary results we observed a higher N availability as a consequence of SS supply that resulted in a higher plant biomass, but reduced yield and berry quality, supporting the theory that for vineyards, N should be carefully managed to reach an equilibrium between vegetative and reproductive activity

Materials study to implement a 3D printer system to repair road pavement potholes

InfraRob is a research project funded by the European Commission's research programme Horizon 2020 that aims to maintain integrity, performance, and safety of the road infrastructure through autonomous robotized solutions and modularization. A specific task of the project is focused on the development of a system 3D printer able to extrude a specific mixture for filling in small cracks and potholes, to be integrated with an existing small autonomous carrier. The first step of the research deals with the definition of the optimal parameters of the system 3D printer/mixture, by studying in parallel the material design and the printer design. This paper presents the study performed on a mixture chosen among those commonly used for road potholes repair. The mixture is studied to achieve and balance the different conflicting performances: consistence, flowability homogeneity, and internal structure. In addition to the basic components, the use of special additives has also been explored to improve the plasticity and adhesivity of the mixture. The first phase of tests is conducted to define the main printing controls: i) Extrudability control: materials for 3D printing need to have an acceptable degree of extrudability, which is related to the capacity of a material to pass continuously through the printing head; ii) Flowability control, to ensure the mixture can be easy-pumpable in the delivery system and easy-usable on the crack or the pothole to be filed-in; iii) Setting time control: printing material requires a certain setting time to maintain a consistent flow rate for good extrudability, thus appropriate additives are needed to control the setting time. The second phase includes in situ tests to verify the compaction of the mixture under the traffic loads. The paper presents the results of the lab and in situ tests, and the features of the chosen mix, suitable to be managed by the 3D printer

Apolipoprotein O is mitochondrial and promotes lipotoxicity in heart

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a secondary complication of diabetes with an unclear etiology. Based on a functional genomic evaluation of obesity-associated cardiac gene expression, we previously identified and cloned the gene encoding apolipoprotein O (APOO), which is overexpressed in hearts from diabetic patients. Here, we generated APOO-Tg mice, transgenic mouse lines that expresses physiological levels of human APOO in heart tissue. APOO-Tg mice fed a high-fat diet exhibited depressed ventricular function with reduced fractional shortening and ejection fraction, and myocardial sections from APOO-Tg mice revealed mitochondrial degenerative changes. In vivo fluorescent labeling and subcellular fractionation revealed that APOO localizes with mitochondria. Furthermore, APOO enhanced mitochondrial uncoupling and respiration, both of which were reduced by deletion of the N-terminus and by targeted knockdown of APOO. Consequently, fatty acid metabolism and ROS production were enhanced, leading to increased AMPK phosphorylation and Ppara and Pgc1a expression. Finally, we demonstrated that the APOO-induced cascade of events generates a mitochondrial metabolic sink whereby accumulation of lipotoxic byproducts leads to lipoapoptosis, loss of cardiac cells, and cardiomyopathy, mimicking the diabetic heart-associated metabolic phenotypes. Our data suggest that APOO represents a link between impaired mitochondrial function and cardiomyopathy onset, and targeting APOO-dependent metabolic remodeling has potential as a strategy to adjust heart metabolism and protect the myocardium from impaired contractility

Typical and atypical COVID-19 computed tomography findings

In December 2019 a novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was identified and the disease associated was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Fever, cough, myalgia, fatigue associated to dyspnea represent most common clinical symptoms of the disease. The reference standard for diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection is real time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction test applied on respiratory tract specimens. Despite of lower specificity, chest computed tomography (CT), as reported in manifold scientific studies, showed high sensitivity, therefore it may help in the early detection, management and follow-up of COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients affected by COVID-19 pneumonia usually showed on chest CT some typical features, such as: Bilateral ground glass opacities characterized by multilobe involvement with posterior and peripheral distribution; parenchymal consolidations with or without air bronchogram; interlobular septal thickening; crazy paving pattern, represented by interlobular and intralobular septal thickening surrounded by ground-glass opacities; subsegmental pulmonary vessels enlargement (> 3 mm). Halo sign, reversed halo sign, cavitation and pleural or pericardial effusion represent some of atypical findings of COVID-19 pneumonia. On the other hand lymphadenopathy's and bronchiectasis' frequency is unclear, indeed conflicting data emerged in literature. Radiologists play a key role in recognition of high suspicious findings of COVID-19 on chest CT, both typical and atypical ones. Thus, the aim of this review is to illustrate typical and atypical CT findings of COVID-19