КОНТРОЛЬ РЕЛЬСОВОЙ ЛИНИИ ПО НАПРЯЖЕНИЮ ПИТАЮЩЕГО КОНЦА

The article is devoted to a new method of the control of interaction of rail circuits. The threshold value simultaneously with increased frequency is detected when the train occupies the rail circuit. When the current voltage exceeds the threshold value the train releases the line. The proposed pattern raises shunt sensitivity and extends the length of the rail circuit.Статья посвящена новому методу контроля взаимовлияния рельсовых цепей. В момент занятия поездом рельсовой линии фиксируется пороговое напряжение с участием повышенной частоты, а освобождение ее происходит при превышении текущим напряжением его порогового значения. Используемая схема повышает шунтовую чувствительность и увеличивает длину рельсовой цепи

Применение нейросетевой модели для оптимизации схемы лечения больных бронхиальной астмой различного возраста

The paper is concerned with bronchial asthma clinical features. Complications, co-existing diseases, clinical and pathogenic types of asthma are considered. Three hundred patients were examined. Treatment results were analyzed and commented. An improvement in the treatment of asthma patients using neural networks is offered.Обсуждаются вопросы различия в клинической картине бронхиальной астмы (БА) у 300 больных разного возраста с учетом наличия осложнений, сопутствующих заболеваний и клинико-патогенетических вариантов; приводятся комментарии по результатам лечения больных и предлагается способ оптимизации лечения больных БА различного возраста с применением нейросетевого моделирования

Sweet taste pleasantness is modulated by morphine and naltrexone

Rodent models highlight the key role of µ-opioid receptor (MOR) signaling in palatable food consumption. In humans however, the effects of MOR stimulation on eating and food liking remain unclear. In a bidirectional psychopharmacological cross-over study, 49 healthy men underwent a sweet taste paradigm following double-blind administration of the MOR agonist morphine, placebo, and the opioid antagonist nalt rexone. We hypothesized that behaviors regulated by the endogenous MOR system would be enhanced by MOR agonism, and decreased by antagonism. The strongest drug effects were expected for the sweetest (high-calorie) sucrose solution, as reported in rodents. However, very sweet sucrose-water solutions are considered sickly and aversive by many people (called sweet dislikers). Since both sweet likers and dislikers were tested, we were able to assess whether MOR manipulations affect pleasantness ratings differently depending on both subjective and objective value. As hypothesized, MOR stimulation with morphine increased pleasantness of the sweetest of five sucrose solutions, without enhancing pleasantness of the lower-sucrose solutions. For opioid antagonism, an opposite pattern was observed for the sweetest drink only. This bidirectional effect of agonist and antagonist treatment is consistent with rodent findings that MOR manipulations most strongly affect the highest-calorie foods. Importantly, the observed drug effects on pleasantness of the sweetest drink did not differ between sweet likers and dislikers. We speculate that the MOR system promotes survival in part by increasing concordance between the objective (caloric) and subjective (hedonic) value of food stimuli, so that feeding behaviour becomes more focused on the richest food available

High locomotor reactivity to novelty is associated with an increased propensity to choose saccharin over cocaine: new insights into the vulnerability to addiction.

Drug addiction is associated with a relative devaluation of natural or socially-valued reinforcers that are unable to divert addicts from seeking and consuming the drug. Before protracted drug exposure, most rats prefer natural rewards, such as saccharin, over cocaine. However, a subpopulation of animals prefer cocaine over natural rewards and are thought to be vulnerable to addiction. Specific behavioral traits have been associated with different dimensions of drug addiction. For example, anxiety predicts loss of control over drug intake whereas sensation seeking and sign-tracking are markers of a greater sensitivity to the rewarding properties of the drug. However, how these behavioral traits predict the disinterest for natural reinforcers remains unknown. In a population of rats, we identified sensation seekers (HR) on the basis of elevated novelty-induced locomotor reactivity, high anxious rats (HA) based on the propensity to avoid open arms in an elevated-plus maze and sign-trackers (ST) that are prone to approach, and interaction with, reward-associated stimuli. Rats were then tested on their preference for saccharin over cocaine in a discrete-trial choice procedure. We show that HR rats display a greater preference for saccharin over cocaine compared with ST and HA whereas the motivation for the drug was comparable between the three groups. The present data suggest that high locomotor reactivity to novelty, or sensation seeking, by predisposing to an increased choice toward non-drug rewards at early stages of drug use history, may prevent the establishment of chronic cocaine use.This work was funded by an INSERM AVENIR and Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) ANR12 SAMA00201 grant to DB, the région Poitou-Charentes, an AXA research fund fellowship to ABR, and a Ministère de la Recherche et de la Technologie grant to NV. AM was supported by the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Cambridge.This is the accepted manuscript of a paper published in Neuropsychopharmacology (2015) 40, 577–589; doi:10.1038/npp.2014.204; published online 17 September 2014

The model of specialists’ training and retraining in high technologies

The paper aims to investigate the model of specialists’ training and retraining in the field of high technologies via a theoretical and methodological analysis of the problem and monitoring research. As a result, psychological training aimed at developing professionally important personal qualities of a specialist, should be a necessary element in the content of the educational process. In conclusion, the contemporary system of higher professional education should ensure the development of a professional who is able to verify, evaluate, creatively synthesize information, disclose the essence of the problem, and make adjustments to previous conclusions based on new findings.El documento tiene como objetivo investigar el modelo de capacitación y capacitación de especialistas en el campo de las altas tecnologías a través de un análisis teórico y metodológico del problema y el seguimiento de la investigación. Como resultado, la capacitación psicológica dirigida a desarrollar cualidades personales profesionalmente importantes de un especialista debe ser un elemento necesario en el contenido del proceso educativo. En conclusión, el sistema contemporáneo de educación profesional superior debería garantizar el desarrollo de un profesional que sea capaz de verificar, evaluar, sintetizar creativamente la información, revelar la esencia del problema y hacer ajustes a las conclusiones anteriores basadas en nuevos hallazgos

Request driven social sensing (demonstration)

Using a scenario of collecting weather data, we present a simulation of a crowdsourcing system for social sensing using mobile sensors, driven by the requests of other users. Users control how and when their mobile sensors are used, and may exhibit cooperative and non–cooperative behaviour. To facilitate social sensing, our system includes an implementation of intelligent data aggregation. The simulator allows the analysis of user control, selfish behaviour, and data aggregation in a realistic setting