Teaching of the Conical Perspective. Method in the Real Space, and their Simulation in the Virtual Space

Para la enseñanza de la perspectiva, los autores utilizan materiales y métodos didácticos usando maquetas reales y tangibles con rendimientos muy satisfactorios, pero conllevan determinadas dificultades de tipo físico y operativo. Se ha confeccionado un software infográfico con el objetivo de emular en 3D virtual los materiales utilizados en el espacio real, aprovechando las características de la imagen digital. Con este material se ha realizado un estudio comparativo entre ambos métodos (en el espacio real y en el 3D virtual) participando alumnos de segundo ciclo de Bellas Artes en el que se han obtenido interesantes datos para el desarrollo y utilización de estos materiales en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.In order to teach perspective in a Fine Arts degree, the authors use materials and didactic methods which include real and tangible models with very satisfactory yields, but they bear certain physical and operative problem. Digital graphic software has been developed in order to model materials in 3D before being used in the real space, taking advantage of the characteristics of the digital image. A comparative study with graduate students of Fine Arts has been made between the two methods (in the real space and in the 3D virtual) where interesting data have been obtained on the usage and development of virtual modelling

Sistema diédrico. Técnicas educativas con ayuda 3D en el espacio real y su simulación en el espacio virutual

Hay una importante oferta de software educativo con gran variedad en sus características formales y metodológicas; pero a pesar de esta potencialidad se pueden desaprovechar sus posibilidades pedagógicas si, ante esta diversidad, no se selecciona, no se configura o no se aplica, adecuadamente. Se ha realizado un estudio contrastado de distintas técnicas didácticas con diferentes muestras de alumnos, en donde se han utilizado espacios tridimensionales reales y tangibles, con un material didáctico especialmente diseñado para la enseñanza del sistema diédrico. Se han seleccionado sus cualidades más relevantes, vistos los resultados obtenidos, para ofrecer modelos en el diseño, la configuración o la elección del software.There is an important offer of educational software with great variety in its formal and methodological characteristics; but in spite of this potential, its pedagogic possibilities can be wasted if, in the face of this diversity, they are not selected, not configured, or not applied, appropriately. A study has been carried out contrasting the different didactics techniques with different samples of students, wherein real and tangible three-dimensional spaces have been used with a specially designed didactic material for the teaching of the European diedric system. Its most relevant qualities have been selected based on the obtained result to offer models in its design and the configuration or election of the software

Probabilistic trajectory generation using uncertainty propagation model

This document establishes the basis for the work to be developed within Work Package 2 of the START project. The objective of this Work Package is to build a methodology that could allow for the obtainment of the probabilistic trajectories that would result from the propagation of the characterized micro-level uncertainties in the aircraft trajectory prediction process. This deliverable will be focused on implementing the models and processes required to capture the influence of the uncertainties that are present in the development of an aircraft trajectory. To this end, we will show how to propagate these uncertainties, using a stochastic trajectory predictor, that will allow us to obtain a set of probabilistic trajectories from an initial deterministic flight plan, which will encapsulate the effect of the inputs’ variability. First, an introduction to Polynomial Chaos Theory, which is the basis of the stochastic trajectory predictor developed in START, and our solution for introducing weather uncertainty into the trajectory prediction process will be exposed. Then, it will be presented how the integration of the advanced data assimilation models, introduced in the deliverable D2.1 [2], together with the stochastic trajectory predictor will lead to more robust airline operations. Additionally, the framework for the probabilistic trajectory generation will be introduced, showing how all different modules will be employed in START in a two-phase approach (first an off-line fitting phase to obtain the models for uncertainty propagation, and then an online phase where, making use of the fitted model, the probabilistic trajectories can be obtained from a deterministic flight plan). Finally, a study case will be presented, showing the application of the previously defined methodology to a specific scenario.Preprin

Data-driven methodology for uncertainty quantification of aircraft trajectory predictions

This work present a framework based on datadriven techniques for quantifying and chaos theory for propagating the uncertainty present in the aircraft trajectory prediction process when computing the expected trajectory from a given flight plan. The developed framework employs data assimilation models to capture real-time information from the air traffic system and introduces a novel methodology in order to account for the uncertainty of the weather conditions. The comparison of the resulting set of probabilistic trajectories and the actually flown ones proves how the former could be a key enabler to support envisioned trajectory-based operation concepts and modern airline operations planning.Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i InfraestructuraObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - Producció i Consum ResponsablesPostprint (published version

Combinatorial saturation mutagenesis of the Myceliophthora thermophila laccase T2 mutant: The connection between the C-terminal plug and the conserved509VSG511 tripeptide

A mutant laccase from the Ascomycete Myceliophthora thermophila has been submitted to iterative cycles of combinatorial saturation mutagenesis through in vivo overlap extension in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Over 180,000 clones were explored, among which the S510G mutant revealed a direct interaction between the conserved 509VSG511 tripeptide, located in the neighborhood of the T1 site, and the C-terminal plug. The Km O 2 value of the mutant increased 1.5-fold, and the electron transfer pathway between the reducing substrate and the T1 copper ion was altered, improving the catalytic efficiency towards non-phenolic and phenolic substrates by about 3- and 8-fold. Although the geometry at the T1 site was perturbed by the mutation, paradoxically the laccase redox potential was not significantly altered. Together, the results obtained in this study suggest that the 509VSG511 tripeptide may play a hitherto unrecognized role in regulating the traffic of oxygen through the C-terminal plug, the latter blocking access to the T2/T3 copper cluster in the native enzyme.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science projects VEM2004-08559, CTQ2005-08925-C02-02/PPQ and CTQ2006-12097/BQU; the EU project NMP2-CT-2006-026456; a CSIC project 200580M121, the Ramón y Cajal Program, and the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsårdet, project ärandenummer: 621-2005-3581). MZ was supported by a fellowship from the “Gobierno Vasco” and CV by a fellowship from the FPU program of the “Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia”.Peer Reviewe

Biochemical diversity of carboxyl esterases and lipases from Lake Arreo (Spain): a metagenomic approach

The esterases and lipases from the α/β hydrolase superfamily exhibit an enormous sequence diversity, fold plasticity, and activities. Here, we present the comprehensive sequence and biochemical analyses of seven distinct esterases and lipases from the metagenome of Lake Arreo, an evaporite karstic lake in Spain (42°46=N, 2°59=W; altitude, 655 m). Together with oligonucleotide usage patterns and BLASTP analysis, our study of esterases/lipases mined from Lake Arreo suggests that its sediment contains moderately halophilic and cold-adapted proteobacteria containing DNA fragments of distantly related plasmids or chromosomal genomic islands of plasmid and phage origins. This metagenome encodes esterases/lipases with broad substrate profiles (tested over a set of 101 structurally diverse esters) and habitat-specific characteristics, as they exhibit maximal activity at alkaline pH (8.0 to 8.5) and temperature of 16 to 40°C, and they are stimulated (1.5 to 2.2 times) by chloride ions (0.1 to 1.2 M), reflecting an adaptation to environmental conditions. Our work provides further insights into the potential significance of the Lake Arreo esterases/lipases for biotechnology processes (i.e., production of enantiomers and sugar esters), because these enzymes are salt tolerant and are active at low temperatures and against a broad range of substrates. As an example, the ability of a single protein to hydrolyze triacylglycerols, (non)halogenated alkyl and aryl esters, cinnamoyl and carbohydrate esters, lactones, and chiral epoxides to a similar extent was demonstrated.We gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project CSD2007-00005), the European Community project MAGICPAH (FP7-KBBE-2009-245226), the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and the Government of Canada through Genome Canada, Ontario Genomics Institute, and Ontario Research Fund (2009-OGI-ABC-1405 and ORF-GL2-01-004). M.-E.G. thanks the CSIC for a JAE fellowship.Peer Reviewe

Microbial β-glucosidases from cow rumen metagenome enhance the saccharification of lignocellulose in combination with commercial cellulase cocktail

BACKGROUND: A complete saccharification of plant polymers is the critical step in the efficient production of bio-alcohols. Beta-glucosidases acting in the degradation of intermediate gluco-oligosaccharides produced by cellulases limit the yield of the final product. RESULTS: In the present work, we have identified and then successfully cloned, expressed, purified and characterised 4 highly active beta-glucosidases from fibre-adherent microbial community from the cow rumen. The enzymes were most active at temperatures 45–55°C and pH 4.0-7.0 and exhibited high affinity and activity towards synthetic substrates such as p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (pNPbetaG) and pNP-beta-cellobiose, as well as to natural cello-oligosaccharides ranging from cellobiose to cellopentaose. The apparent capability of the most active beta-glucosidase, herein named LAB25g2, was tested for its ability to improve, at low dosage (31.25 units g(-1) dry biomass, using pNPbetaG as substrate), the hydrolysis of pre-treated corn stover (dry matter content of 20%; 350 g glucan kg(-1) dry biomass) in combination with a beta-glucosidase-deficient commercial Trichoderma reseei cellulase cocktail (5 units g(-1) dry biomass in the basis of pNPbetaG). LAB25g2 increased the final hydrolysis yield by a factor of 20% (44.5 ± 1.7% vs. 34.5 ± 1.5% in control conditions) after 96–120 h as compared to control reactions in its absence or in the presence of other commercial beta-glucosidase preparations. The high stability (half-life higher than 5 days at 50°C and pH 5.2) and 2–38000 fold higher (as compared with reported beta-glucosidases) activity towards cello-oligosaccharides may account for its performance in supplementation assays. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that beta-glucosidases from yet uncultured bacteria from animal digestomes may be of a potential interest for biotechnological processes related to the effective bio-ethanol production in combination with low dosage of commercial cellulases

Biochemical diversity of carboxyl Esterases and Lipases from Lake Arreo (Spain) : a metagenomic approach

The esterases and lipases from the / hydrolase superfamily exhibit an enormous sequence diversity, fold plasticity, and activities. Here, we present the comprehensive sequence and biochemical analyses of seven distinct esterases and lipases from the metagenome of Lake Arreo, an evaporite karstic lake in Spain (42°46=N, 2°59=W; altitude, 655 m). Together with oligonucleotide usage patterns and BLASTP analysis, our study of esterases/lipases mined from Lake Arreo suggests that its sediment contains moderately halophilic and cold-adapted proteobacteria containing DNA fragments of distantly related plasmids or chromosomal genomic islands of plasmid and phage origins. This metagenome encodes esterases/lipases with broad substrate profiles (tested over a set of 101 structurally diverse esters) and habitat-specific characteristics, as they exhibit maximal activity at alkaline pH (8.0 to 8.5) and temperature of 16 to 40°C, and they are stimulated (1.5 to 2.2 times) by chloride ions (0.1 to 1.2 M), reflecting an adaptation to environmental conditions. Our work provides further insights into the potential significance of the Lake Arreo esterases/lipases for biotechnology processes (i.e., production of enantiomers and sugar esters), because these enzymes are salt tolerant and are active at low temperatures and against a broad range of substrates. As an example, the ability of a single protein to hydrolyze triacylglycerols, (non)halogenated alkyl and aryl esters, cinnamoyl and carbohydrate esters, lactones, and chiral epoxides to a similar extent was demonstrated.The Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project CSD2007-00005), the European Community project MAGICPAH (FP7-KBBE-2009-245226), the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and the Government of Canada through Genome Canada, Ontario Genomics Institute, and Ontario Research Fund (2009-OGI-ABC-1405 and ORF-GL2-01-004). M.-E.G. thanks the CSIC for a JAE fellowship.http://aem.asm.org/am201

Perfil clínico de los pacientes tratados con evolocumab en unidades hospitalarias de nefrología en España

Describir las características clínicas de los pacientes tratados con evolocumab, las razones del inicio de la terapia y los efectos del tratamiento en la fase inicial de disponibilidad de evolocumab en las unidades de nefrología de España

Publicación en acceso abierto en las universidades andaluzas

Elaborado por el Grupo de Trabajo de Apoyo a la Investigación del CBU