Dijagnostika vibracija lista kružne pile uz pomoć davača pomaka

The paper deals with problems of the circular sawblade vibration. In the introductory part, theoretical bases are summarized to determine the form of vibrations and critical and resonant rotational frequency. A diagnostic method is proposed for the direct measurement of amplitudes of a circular sawblade by displacement sensors with the subsequent Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis. This method with the spectral analysis of a signal in the time area makes possible to determine the size and shape of vibration of a circular sawblade with respect to usability/applicability under operational conditions. Unlike standard methods, when the sawblade is excited by external sources, natural vibrations are used such as disk deformations and the dynamic unbalance of a circular sawblade, effects of chucking/gripping and machine vibration and, last but not least, the disk and sawn wood interaction.U radu se obrađuje problem vibracija lista kružne pile. U uvodnom dijelu daju se teorijske osnove za određivanje oblika vibracija te kritične i rezonantne frekvencije vrtnje. Predložena je dijagnostička metoda za neposredno mjerenje amplitude vibracija lista kružne pile uz pomoć davača pomaka i nakon toga uz pomoć Fast Fourierove (FFT) analize dobivenih podataka. Ta metoda sa spektarskom analizom realnog signala omogućuje određivanje veličine i oblika vibracija lista kružne pile uzimajući u obzir uporabljivost/primjenjivost metode u radnim uvjetima. Nasuprot standardnoj metodi, koja podrazumijeva pobudu lista pile na vibriranje vanjskim izvorima, u prezentiranoj se metodi iskorištavaju prirodni izvori pobude kao što su deformacija diska pile i dinamička neizbalansiranost, utjecaj vibracija stroja te interakcije lista kružne pile i obratka

Quality – Condition of Competitiveness

Bakalářská práce se zabývá problematikou týkající se kvality – podmínky konkurenceschopnosti. V úvodních kapitolách jsou definovány klíčové pojmy s následnou charakteristikou výrobku. Další kapitoly jsou věnovány rozboru jednotlivých metod, technik a nástrojů pro zvýšení kvality, zejména směrům – Six Sigma a KAIZEN. V závěru práce je nastíněn možný budoucí vývoj v oblasti.This thesis deals with issues related to quality – a condition of competitiveness. The introductory chapters define key words and they are followed by a product characteristic. The next chapters are devoted to the analysis of the particular methods, techniques and tools for improving quality, especially the strategies - Six Sigma and KAIZEN. In conclusion the possible future development in the area is outlined.

HARDNESS OF NITRIDED LAYERS TREATED BY PLASMA NITRIDING

Stainless steels, particularly the austenitic stainless grades are widely used in many industries due to good corrosion resistance, but very poor mechanical properties as surface hardness and wear resistance limit its possible use. Plasma nitriding is one of the few ways to increase the surface hardness of these steels, even though this will affect its corrosion resistance. This paper focuses on the description of the mechanical properties of nitrided layers in the two most widespread austenitic stainless steels AISI 304 and AISI 316L. The microstructure and properties of nitrided layers were evaluated by metallography and microhardness measurement. Surface properties of nitrided steels were characterized by Martens hardness. The results show that plasma nitriding created very hard nitrided layers with thickness about 40 μm and microhardness about 1300 HV0.05. Surface hardness measurements have shown that the maximum values for both steels are about 8.5 GPa, but have different behaviour under higher loads, when the AISI 316L nitrided layer began to crack on the surface and sink

Comparison of LiDAR-based Models for True Leaf Area Index and Effective Leaf Area Index Estimation in Young Beech Forests

The leaf area index (LAI) is one of the most common leaf area and canopy structure quantifiers. Direct LAI measurement and determination of canopy characteristics in larger areas is unrealistic due to the large number of measurements required to create the distribution model. This study compares the regression models for the ALS-based calculation of LAI, where the effective leaf area index (eLAI) determined by optical methods and the LAI determined by the direct destructive method and developed by allometric equations were used as response variables. LiDAR metrics and the laser penetration index (LPI) were used as predictor variables. The regression models of LPI and eLAI dependency and the LiDAR metrics and eLAI dependency showed coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.75 and 0.92, respectively; the advantage of using LiDAR metrics for more accurate modelling is demonstrated. The model for true LAI estimation reached a R2of 0.88.O

Influence of the shape of the filling on the mechanical properties of samples made by 3D printing

In this work, the influence of material type and sample fill density was evaluated. One PLA material was tested. Test specimens having different fill structure and density were printed from this material. Full honeycomb and gyroid shapes were used for the fill structure. The specimens had four different fill percentages for each structure: 10%, 25%, 50% and 75%. These bodies were compared to samples that were printed with 100% fill. Tensile test was performed on printed test pieces. The Zwick / Roell Z100 was used for testing and the surface hardness of the test specimens was measured by the Shore D method on a DIGI-Test II hardness tester. Fracture surfaces were evaluated on an Olympus DSX 500 optodigital microscope. The results showed that the shape of the fill did not signifi-cantly affect the values obtained by the tensile test. The hardness measurement results showed a different hardness on the bottom surface that was in contact with the printing pad and the top printing surface. Fractographic analysis revealed different types of fracture surfaces related to the printed fill structure. © 2021 Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved

Application of Carbon–Flax Hybrid Composite in High Performance Electric Personal Watercraft

Within the herein presented research, we studied the applicability of flax fabrics for composite parts in personal watercrafts in order to enhance damping of vibrations from the engine and noise reduction (which is relatively high for contemporary carbon constructions). Since the composite parts are intended to be exposed to humid environments requiring high levels of mechanical properties, a carbon–flax composite was selected. Samples of carbon, fiberglass, flax, and hybrid carbon–flax twill and biax fabrics were subjected to tensile and three-point bending tests. The mechanical properties were also tested after exposure of the samples to a humid environment. Damping was assessed by vibration and noise measurements directly on the complete float for samples as well as real parts. The hybrid carbon–flax material exhibited lower values of tensile strength than the carbon material (760 MPa compared to 463 MPa), but, at the same time, significantly higher than the other tested materials, or flax itself (115 MPa for a twill fabric). A similar trend in the results was observed for the three-point bending tests. Vibration tests and noise measurements showed reductions in vibration amplitude and frequency when using the carbon–flax hybrid material; the frequency response function for the watercraft part assembled from the hybrid material was 50% lower than for that made of carbon. Testing of samples located in a humid environment showed the necessity of surface treatment to prevent moisture absorption (mechanical properties were reduced at minimum by 28%). The tests confirmed that the hybrid material is satisfactory in terms of strength and its contribution to noise and vibration damping

Variance of Selected Properties from Various Structural Elements Made from AISI 304

Stainless steels, especially AISI 304 are widely used civil engineering materials because of their excellent properties. They are used/applied in many civil engineering structures (chemical, energy, bridges etc.). The presented study aims to quantify variance of selected properties from various structural elements made from AISI 304. This study shows that the mechanical and fatigue properties of AISI 304 steel used in construction and supplied in different profiles from different suppliers can vary considerably, which must be taken into account when designing structures or its service-life

Change in Dimensions and Surface Roughness of 42CrMo4 Steel after Nitridation in Plasma and Gas

The influence of plasma nitriding and gas nitriding processes on the change of surface roughness and dimensional accuracy of 42CrMo4 steel was investigated in this paper. Both processes almost always led to changes in the surface texture. After plasma nitriding, clusters of nitride ions were formed on the surface of steel, while gas nitriding very often led to the new creation of a formation of a “plate-like” surface texture. In both cases of these processes, a compound layer in specific thickness was formed, although the parameters of the processes were chosen with the aim of suppressing it. After the optimizing of nitriding parameters during nitriding processes, it was found that there were no changes in the surface roughness evaluated using the Ra parameter. However, it turned out that when using a multi-parameter evaluation of roughness (the parameters Rz, Rsk and Rku were used), there were presented some changes in roughness due to nitriding processes, which affect the functional behavior of the components. Roughness changes were also detected by evaluating surface roughness profiles, where nitriding led to changes in peak heights and valley depths. Nitriding processes further led to changes in dimensions in the form of an increase of 0.032 mm on average. However, the magnitude of the change has some context on chemical composition of material. A larger increase in dimensions was found with gas nitriding. The change in the degree of IT accuracy is closely related to the change in dimension. For both processes, there was a change of one degree of IT accuracy compared to the ground part (from IT8 to IT9). On the basis of the achieved dimensional accuracy results, a coefficient of change in the degree of accuracy IT was created, which can be used to predict changes in the dimensional accuracy of ground surfaces after nitriding processes in degrees of accuracy IT3–IT10. In this study, a tool for predicting changes in degrees of accuracy of ground parts after nitriding processes is presented