Échos de la Shoah dans l’oeuvre poétique de Jacques Brault, Irving Layton et Leonard Cohen

Dans cet article, l’auteure analyse et compare les représentations de la Shoah dans l’oeuvre poétique d’un écrivain québécois francophone non juif, Jacques Brault, et de deux écrivains anglo-québécois d’origine juive, Irving Layton et Leonard Cohen. Ces témoins indirects du génocide juif survenu en Europe le représentent indirectement, en articulant un rapport complexe entre les sentiments de culpabilité et de fraternité avec les victimes. L’auteure propose de montrer que c’est la mise à distance de leurs sujets poétiques qui autorise Brault, Layton et Cohen à aborder ce thème pour lequel les interdits théoriques abondent depuis la désormais célèbre formule d’Adorno : « Écrire de la poésie après Auschwitz est barbare. »This article analyzes and compares representations of the Shoah in the poetic work of a non-Jewish Francophone Quebec writer, Jacques Brault, and two Anglo-Québécois writers of Jewish origin, Irving Layton and Leonard Cohen. Witnessing the Jewish genocide in Europe at one remove, these writers present it indirectly, evoking a complex relationship between feelings of guilt and brotherhood with the victims. The author’s purpose is to demonstrate that a process of distancing themselves from their subjects allows Brault, Layton and Cohen to deal with this theme, which has been surrounded by theoretical prohibitions since Adorno’s famous statement: “to write poetry after Auschwitz is barbaric”

L'écart esthétique de Marie Calumet et l'étude de ses diverses réceptions

Cette étude porte sur Marie Calumet, célèbre roman de Rodolphe Girard paru en 1904. Le cadre théorique de notre recherche s'appuie sur l'esthétique de la réception de Hans Robert Jauss et la notion de carnavalesque développée par Mikhaïl Bakhtine. Dans un premier temps, nous avons établi l'horizon d'attente canadienne-française des lecteurs entre 1900 et 1910. Le premier chapitre observe donc la production romanesque de cette période, ses principales orientations, ses auteurs et ses critiques. En deuxième lieu, par rapport à cet horizon d'attente, nous avons cerné l'écart esthétique de Marie Calumet par l'entremise de la critique. Surtout, grâce à son étude sur la culture populaire au Moyen Age et sous la Renaissance, Bakhtine nous a fourni les outils nécessaires pour examiner l'écriture carnavalesque de Marie Calumet, à partir de laquelle l'écart esthétique produit par le roman peut être efficacement saisi. Finalement, le troisième chapitre établit les réceptions successives de Marie Calumet. Au fil de celles-ci, nous voyons évoluer les avis sur les motifs de la condamnation et de la censure du roman, les critiques bonnes et mauvaises dont il a été l'objet et nous pouvons saisir le moment de sa réhabilitation institutionnelle et sociale

Electromagnetic open waveguides : mathematical analysis

Projet IDENTRésumé disponible dans le fichier PD

A New nonconforming finite element method for the computation of electromagnetic guided waves (I) mathematical analysis

We are concerned with the problem of computing electromagnetic guided waves in a closed, inomogeneous, cylindrical wave guide. These waves correspond to solutions of an eigenvalue problem and classical methods produce in addition to approximations to the solutions, spurious modes which are particularly troublesome because they correspond to nonzero approximations of the 0 eigenvalue. A nonconforming finite element method for the calculation of guided waves without spurious modes is introduced and analyzed

Progression of diabetic nephropathy in normotensive type 1 diabetic patients

Progression of diabetic nephropathy in normotensive type 1 diabetic patientsBackgroundThe first aim of our long-term study was to describe the natural history of diabetic nephropathy in 59 normotensive type 1 diabetic patients. Secondly, we evaluated genetic and nongenetic progression promoters.MethodsThe following progression promoters were determined: the insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene, blood pressure, albuminuria, hemoglobin A1c, cholesterol, smoking, height, and gender. We studied the natural history by measuring 51Cr-EDTA plasma clearance at yearly intervals at least three times during [median (range)] 5.5 (2.2 to 18.3) years.ResultsAt baseline the three groups (II, N = 11; ID, N = 25, and DD, N = 23) had comparable GFR (103 ± 16; 99 ± 19; 113 ± 22 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively; mean ± SD), arterial blood pressure, albuminuria, and hemoglobin A1c. During the follow-up there was a median rate of decline in GFR in all 59 patients of 1.2 (range 12.9 to –4.4) ml/min/year. During the study period no significant differences were observed in: the rate of decline in glomerular filtration rate [median (range) 0.9 (10.6 to –1.9); 2.5 (12.9 to –4.4); 1.4 (10.8 to –1.9 ml/min/year)], arterial blood pressure, albuminuria, hemoglobin A1c or cholesterol between the three groups (II, ID and DD), respectively. At baseline, multiple linear regression analysis including the above-mentioned putative risk factors revealed that albuminuria, short stature, and male gender independently predict an enhanced decline in GFR [R2 (adjusted) = 0.33; P < 0.002]. During the follow-up period, only albuminuria acted as an independent progression promoter [R2 (adjusted) = 0.37; P < 0.0001].ConclusionsOur study revealed a rather slow progression of kidney disease in normotensive type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. Albuminuria, short stature, and male gender act as progression promoters in such patients

SARS-CoV-2 detection by direct rRT-PCR without RNA extraction

Rapid and reliable screening of SARS-CoV-2 is fundamental to assess viral spread and limit the pandemic we are facing. In this study, we compared direct rRT-PCR method (without RNA extraction) using SeeGene AllplexTM 2019-nCoV rRT-PCR with the RealStar® SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR kit (Altona Diagnostics). Furthermore, we assessed the impact of swab storage media composition on PCR efficiency. We show that SeeGene and Altona's assays provide similar efficiency. Importantly, we provide evidence that RNA extraction can be successfully bypassed when samples are stored in UTM medium or in molecular water but not when samples are stored in saline solution and in Hanks medium. © 2020 The Author(s

Accompanying People Affected by Cancer in Their Return to Life After Treatment: A Report on an Experiment Conducted in Canada

This study aims to assess family doctors\u27 perceived needs for improved patient follow-up post-acute treatment in oncology departments, specifically focusing on the Patient Oriented Discharge Summary (PODS) for individuals living with cancer. A cross-sectional quantitative survey targeted family doctors, and a before/after exploratory study was conducted with patients to measure their needs pre- and post-PODS implementation. Twenty-one out of 42 family doctors participated in the survey (50%). Patient data was collected at three points in time: prior to PODS implementation (T1, n = 20/30; 77%), one month later (T2, n = 20/26; 77%), and six months later (T3, n = 21/28; 75%). Descriptive statistics were used for all inquiries. Results revealed that 52.24% of family doctors lacked information from oncology teams about patient treatments and their progress, while 90.48% received no guidance on monitoring patients for symptoms or necessary tests once treatment was completed, despite everyone expressing the desire to perform such monitoring. Family doctors recommended using standardized sheets with patient information (47%), details of side effects (41%), and post-treatment follow-up plans (12%). At T1, 60% of patients received the necessary information, at T2 95% and 81% at T3. Regarding instructions provided to family caregivers, satisfaction levels were 40% at T1, 90% at T2, and 62% at T3. The study underscores the imperative of enhancing communication between oncology specialists and family physicians, facilitating the latter\u27s follow-up of patients completing acute treatment. It also highlights the need for patients to be adequately prepared for the transition through effective use and sustained use of PODS

Regulation of CD4+NKG2D+ Th1 cells in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with sorafenib : role of IL-15Rα and NKG2D triggering

Beyond cancer-cell intrinsic factors, the immune status of the host has a prognostic impact on patients with cancer and influences the effects of conventional chemotherapies. Metastatic melanoma is intrinsically immunogenic, thereby facilitating the search for immune biomarkers of clinical responses to cytotoxic agents. Here, we show that a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sorafenib, upregulates interleukin (IL)-15Rα in vitro and in vivo in patients with melanoma, and in conjunction with natural killer (NK) group 2D (NKG2D) ligands, contributes to the Th1 polarization and accumulation of peripheral CD4+NKG2D+ T cells. Hence, the increase of blood CD4+NKG2D+ T cells after two cycles of sorafenib (combined with temozolomide) was associated with prolonged survival in a prospective phase I/II trial enrolling 63 patients with metastatic melanoma who did not receive vemurafenib nor immune checkpoint-blocking antibodies. In contrast, in metastatic melanoma patients treated with classical treatment modalities, this CD4+NKG2D+ subset failed to correlate with prognosis. These findings indicate that sorafenib may be used as an "adjuvant" molecule capable of inducing or restoring IL-15Rα/IL-15 in tumors expressing MHCclass I-related chain A/B (MICA/B) and on circulating monocytes of responding patients, hereby contributing to the bioactivity of NKG2D+ Th1 cells.peer-reviewe