Multiple 2D self organising map network for surface reconstruction of 3D unstructured data

Surface reconstruction is a challenging task in reverse engineering because it must represent the surface which is similar to the original object based on the data obtained. The data obtained are mostly in unstructured type whereby there is not enough information and incorrect surface will be obtained. Therefore, the data should be reorganised by finding the correct topology with minimum surface error. Previous studies showed that Self Organising Map (SOM) model, the conventional surface approximation approach with Non Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) surfaces, and optimisation methods such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Differential Evolution (DE) and Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) methods are widely implemented in solving the surface reconstruction. However, the model, approach and optimisation methods are still suffer from the unstructured data and accuracy problems. Therefore, the aims of this research are to propose Cube SOM (CSOM) model with multiple 2D SOM network in organising the unstructured surface data, and to propose optimised surface approximation approach in generating the NURBS surfaces. GA, DE and PSO methods are implemented to minimise the surface error by adjusting the NURBS control points. In order to test and validate the proposed model and approach, four primitive objects data and one medical image data are used. As to evaluate the performance of the proposed model and approach, three performance measurements have been used: Average Quantisation Error (AQE) and Number Of Vertices (NOV) for the CSOM model while surface error for the proposed optimised surface approximation approach. The accuracy of AQE for CSOM model has been improved to 64% and 66% when compared to 2D and 3D SOM respectively. The NOV for CSOM model has been reduced from 8000 to 2168 as compared to 3D SOM. The accuracy of surface error for the optimised surface approximation approach has been improved to 7% compared to the conventional approach. The proposed CSOM model and optimised surface approximation approach have successfully reconstructed surface of all five data with better performance based on three performance measurements used in the evaluation

Engineered Wetland in University Teknologi Petronas Core Park

The objective of the project is to design and implement a new wetland which can provide stable flood mitigation system and balance ecological system. The new design is based on the combination of wetland, orifices and spillway with the purpose to improve the existing UTP Core Park wetland. UTP wetland was initially designed for landscaping purpose. Improvement of the wetland is proposed for the sustainability of the wetland with suitable flora and fauna to be located in the wetland. Without any experience on designing a wetland system, the hydraulic calculations, biological system, and laboratory tests, varied tasks are very challenging to complete. Information from internet and book and the advice from lecturers are the important factors that lead to the completion of this project. The scope of study of this project covers a wide range of engineering and biological scopes. The engineering scope included in the study covers the existing wetland design capacity, engineering landscape design, calculation of the orifices sizing, calculations of pipe culvert, and calculation of spillway sizing. The study also include ecological scope namely study on flora and fauna and water quality. With this project; student can understand about the concept and application of wetland design. In the calculation part, all the important parameters will be discussed in more detail for better understanding of the design, considerations. A new design will proposed and the discussion is included in this report to meet the objective of the project At the end of the report, recommendations were suggested for further improvement about the new design. The suggestions were made for future improvement in the design. The whole finding of this project is concluded at the last section as the conclusion of this thesis

Peranan Ai Dan Fe Dalam Tanah Gambut Terolah Asid Sulfurik Sebagai Agen Penggumpal Dalam Perawatan Larutan Pencelup Tekstil

T anah gam but merupakan tanah organik yang terhasil daripada pengumpulan bahan-bahan tumbuhan yang mengalami p'enguraian separa. Sifatnya yang berkutub dan berliang menjadikannya bahan penjerap yang berpotensi. Salah satu pengubahsuaian kirnia yang dilakukan adalah pengolahan tanah garnbut dengan asid sulfurik supaya keberkesanan penjerapannya dapat ditingkatkan. Kajian ini telah mertialankan pengolahan asid sulfurik ke atas dua jenis tanah gambut tempatan daripada Gunung Jerai, Kedah dan Batu Pahat, Johor untuk melihat keberkesanannya bagi tujuan pengolahan larutan pencelup tekstil. Peat is an organic soil which is. fonned from the accumulation of partially decomposed plant matelials. Peat is always considered as a potential adsorbent due to its polar and porous characteristics. One of the chemical modifications nonnally done in order to improve its adsorptiVe properties is sulfuric acid treatmcnt. This research had used two local sulfuric acid treated peats from Gunung Jerai, Kedah and Batu Pallat, Johor to study their effectiveness in treating textile dye solutions

Engineered Wetland in University Teknologi Petronas Core Park

The objective of the project is to design and implement a new wetland which can provide stable flood mitigation system and balance ecological system. The new design is based on the combination of wetland, orifices and spillway with the purpose to improve the existing UTP Core Park wetland. UTP wetland was initially designed for landscaping purpose. Improvement of the wetland is proposed for the sustainability of the wetland with suitable flora and fauna to be located in the wetland. Without any experience on designing a wetland system, the hydraulic calculations, biological system, and laboratory tests, varied tasks are very challenging to complete. Information from internet and book and the advice from lecturers are the important factors that lead to the completion of this project. The scope of study of this project covers a wide range of engineering and biological scopes. The engineering scope included in the study covers the existing wetland design capacity, engineering landscape design, calculation of the orifices sizing, calculations of pipe culvert, and calculation of spillway sizing. The study also include ecological scope namely study on flora and fauna and water quality. With this project; student can understand about the concept and application of wetland design. In the calculation part, all the important parameters will be discussed in more detail for better understanding of the design, considerations. A new design will proposed and the discussion is included in this report to meet the objective of the project At the end of the report, recommendations were suggested for further improvement about the new design. The suggestions were made for future improvement in the design. The whole finding of this project is concluded at the last section as the conclusion of this thesis

The Impact of Service Quality Dimensions Towards Customers' Satisfaction in Tuition Centers

Quality and customer satisfaction are important agenda for company survival and these two elements are receiving worldwide attention. Service survival and these two elements are receiving worldwide attention. Service industries have begun to recognize that failure to meet quality requirement can have serious consequence that may affect their market share. This study aims to measure the relationship between service quality and customers' satisfaction in tuition center. The survey also aims to gain more insight into the dimension used by the students in evaluating service quality and identify the influencing factors in decision making. To answer the research questions, a research model - which was based on SERVQUAL of performance measurement in service quality, was developed. To test the model, data were collected from the students' satisfaction measures quality system via questionnaire. The stratified systematic sampling was used to select respondents for this study- The finding showed that there is a significant relationship between service quality five dimensions and customers satisfaction. The result also indicated that empathy dimension is the strongest factor that influence the level of customers' satisfaction in tuition centers Besides the theoretical contribution, the research was made useful suggestions in terms of better guideline in order to facilitate target setting, the tracking of the costs of changing quality targets and the linking of pay to quality performance. (Author's abstract

Ts'ai Yuan-p'ei (1868-1940) and his contribution to modern education in China

The early years of the Republican period in China were so confused politically that those outside China failed to discern the intellectual and social changes talcing place within the country, and it is only recently that Western scholars have begun to take more notice of them. Doubtless, names such as Hu Shih and Lin Yutang are familiar to the West, especially America, where they received their higher education and lived for many year3. Hu Shih especially was known for his leadership of the literary revolution in China, and both he and Lin Yutang were connected with the New Culture Movement in China. But there were others who shared in this intellectual leadership in the 1920*8 and 1930’s, among whom were Ts’ai Yuan-p’ei, Ch’en Tu-hsiu, Li Ta-chao, Lu Hsun, Chou Tso-^en and Mao Tun, to name a few

Energy Analysis of a Novel Ejector-Compressor Cooling Cycle Driven by Electricity and Heat (Waste Heat or Solar Energy)

Low-grade heat is abundantly available as solar thermal energy and as industrial waste heat. Non concentrating solar collectors can provide heat with temperatures 75−100 °C. In this paper, a new system is proposed and analyzed which enhances the electrical coefficient of performance (COP) of vapour compression cycle (VCC) by incorporating low-temperature heat-driven ejectors. This novel system, ejector enhanced vapour compression refrigeration cycle (EEVCRC), significantly increases the electrical COP of the system while utilizing abundantly available low-temperature solar or waste heat (below 100 °C). This system uses two ejectors in an innovative way such that the higher-pressure ejector is used at the downstream of the electrically driven compressor to help reduce the delivery pressure for the electrical compressor. The lower pressure ejector is used to reduce the quality of wet vapour at the entrance of the evaporator. This system has been modelled in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) and its performance is theoretically compared with conventional VCC, enhanced ejector refrigeration system (EERS), and ejection-compression system (ECS). The proposed EEVCRC gives better electrical COP as compared to all the three systems. The parametric study has been conducted and it is found that the COP of the proposed system increases exponentially at lower condensation temperature and higher evaporator temperature. At 50 °C condenser temperature, the electrical COP of EEVCRC is 50% higher than conventional VCC while at 35 °C, the electrical COP of EEVCRC is 90% higher than conventional VCC. For the higher temperature heat source, and hence the higher generator temperatures, the electrical COP of EEVCRC increases linearly while there is no increase in the electrical COP for ECS. The better global COP indicates that a small solar collector will be needed if this system is driven by solar thermal energy. It is found that by using the second ejector at the upstream of the electrical compressor, the electrical COP is increased by 49.2% as compared to a single ejector system

A review of natural fiber reinforced poly(Vinyl alcohol) based composites: application and opportunity

Natural fibers are fine examples of renewable resources that play an important role in the composites industry, which produces superior strength comparable to synthetic fibers. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composites in particular have attracted enormous interest in view of their satisfactory performance, properties and biodegradability. Their performance in many applications such as consumer, biomedical, and agriculture is well defined and promising. This paper reviews the utilization of natural fibers from macro to nanoscale as reinforcement in PVA composites. An overview on the properties, processing methods, biodegradability, and applications of these composites is presented. The advantages arising from chemical and physical modifications of fibers or composites are discussed in terms of improved properties and performance. In addition, proper arrangement of nanocellulose in composites helps to prevent agglomeration and results in a better dispersion. The limitations and challenges of the composites and future works of these bio-composites are also discussed. This review concludes that PVA composites have potential for use in numerous applications. However, issues on technological feasibility, environmental effectiveness, and economic affordability should be considered