Epidémiologie du prédiabète chez les sujets en surpoids ou obèses et identification de facteurs de risques

PARIS6-Bibl. St Antoine CHU (751122104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Contribution de l'hyperglycémie au risque cardiovasculaire des diabétiques de type 2

Il s agit de travaux de Recherche Clinique sur la thématique Une intervention chez des diabétiques de type 2 entraînant le retour à une glycémie normale permet elle le retour à un risque cardiovasculaire proche de celui de la population générale ? . Le travail présenté, réalisé de 2004 à 2007 sous la direction du Pr Marre, en collaboration avec l Université de Sydney contribue à y répondre. L essai ADVANCE auquel j ai participé, portait sur 11000 patients diabétiques de type 2 et comparait l effet d une intensification du traitement hypoglycémiant sur le risque de développer ou d aggraver une complication micro/macrovasculaire du diabète. Cette étude a été menée à son terme, nous avons obtenu des résultats interprétables et les avons publiés dans une revue importante : Intensive Blood Glucose Control and Vascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes - N Engl J Med. 2008 Jun 12; 358(24):2560-2572. Le contexte, le protocole, les aspects stratégiques et opérationnels, les résultats, et les discussions qui s y rattachent sont développés dans cette thèse. Un programme d analyses et de protocoles à suivre est également introduit.PARIS-BIUSJ-Thèses (751052125) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

Liver transplantation in two cases of propionic acidaemia

Item does not contain fulltex

Long-term treatment of persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia of infancy with diazoxide: a retrospective review of 77 cases and analysis of efficacy-predicting criteria.

Primary persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia of infancy is rare. Diazoxide treatment remains the mainstay of medical therapy in long-term management. We reviewed 77 cases of primary persistent hyperinsulinism in neonates and infants who were treated with diazoxide and studied criteria predictive of therapeutic efficacy. The only criterion identified was age at manifestation. All but 1 of the 31 neonatal cases were unresponsive to diazoxide. Responsiveness increased with age: 12 of 39 early-infantile cases, and all seven late-infantile cases were diazoxide-responsive. In responders, a diazoxide dose of 10-15 mg/kg per day was always effective, suggesting an "all or none" response. Diazoxide-resistant hyperinsulinism is characterized by its severity with higher plasma insulin levels. The analysis of 46 surgically treated patients showed that the efficacy of diazoxide is not related to the aetiology of the pancreatic lesions. In six cases, after many years of management, diazoxide treatment was stopped without recurrence of hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSION: Diazoxide is an efficient treatment in the long-term management of most persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia of infancy revealed in infants and children but is usually ineffective in neonatal forms. Drug efficacy does not correlate with anatomical lesions. Medical treatment can sometimes be stopped after many years of management without recurrence of disease manifestations

Long-term treatment of persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia of infancy with diazoxide: a retrospective review of 77 cases and analysis of efficacy-predicting criteria.

Primary persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia of infancy is rare. Diazoxide treatment remains the mainstay of medical therapy in long-term management. We reviewed 77 cases of primary persistent hyperinsulinism in neonates and infants who were treated with diazoxide and studied criteria predictive of therapeutic efficacy. The only criterion identified was age at manifestation. All but 1 of the 31 neonatal cases were unresponsive to diazoxide. Responsiveness increased with age: 12 of 39 early-infantile cases, and all seven late-infantile cases were diazoxide-responsive. In responders, a diazoxide dose of 10-15 mg/kg per day was always effective, suggesting an "all or none" response. Diazoxide-resistant hyperinsulinism is characterized by its severity with higher plasma insulin levels. The analysis of 46 surgically treated patients showed that the efficacy of diazoxide is not related to the aetiology of the pancreatic lesions. In six cases, after many years of management, diazoxide treatment was stopped without recurrence of hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSION: Diazoxide is an efficient treatment in the long-term management of most persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia of infancy revealed in infants and children but is usually ineffective in neonatal forms. Drug efficacy does not correlate with anatomical lesions. Medical treatment can sometimes be stopped after many years of management without recurrence of disease manifestations

Clinical features of 52 neonates with hyperinsulinism.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia is often resistant to medical therapy and is often treated with near-total pancreatectomy. However, the pancreatic lesions may be focal and treatable by partial pancreatic resection. METHODS: We studied 52 neonates with hyperinsulinism who were treated surgically. The type and location of the pancreatic lesions were determined by preoperative pancreatic catheterization and intraoperative histologic studies. Partial pancreatectomy was performed in infants with focal lesions, and near-total pancreatectomy was performed in those with diffuse lesions. The postoperative outcome was determined by measurements of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and by oral glucose-tolerance tests. RESULTS: Thirty neonates had diffuse beta-cell hyperfunction, and 22 had focal adenomatous islet-cell hyperplasia. Among the latter, the lesions were in the head of the pancreas in nine, the isthmus in three, the body in eight, and the tail in two. The clinical manifestations were similar in both groups. The infants with focal lesions had no symptoms of hypoglycemia and had normal preprandial and postprandial plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin values and normal results on oral glucose-tolerance tests after partial pancreatectomy (performed in 19 of 22 neonates). By contrast, after near-total pancreatectomy, 13 of the patients with diffuse lesions had persistent hypoglycemia, type 1 diabetes mellitus developed in 8, and hyperglycemia developed in another 7; overall, only 2 patients with diffuse lesions had normal plasma glucose concentrations in the first year after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Among neonates with hyperinsulinism, about half may have focal islet-cell hyperplasia that can be treated with partial pancreatectomy. These neonates can be identified through pancreatic catheterization and intraoperative histologic studies