Preparation and Characterization Nanoparticle Calcium Oxide from Snakehead Fish Bone using Ball Milling Method

Snakehead Fish Bone (SFB) is a waste from food processing in Palembang. Fish bones have calcium content so they have a potential as a source of Calcium Oxide (CaO). Calcination of fish bones was carried out at a temperature of 900oC with variations of time 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. The Nanoparticle Calcium Oxide (NCO) was prepared using the ball milling method. This study aims to make NCO as a raw material for hydroxyapatite synthesis. The NCO was characterized using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Characterization using FTIR shows that NCO has functional groups O-H, CO32- and PO43- functional groups. XRD analysis shows that NCO has an average particle size of 38.9445 nm.Analysis using SEM shows particles in the form of granules of almost uniform size. The NCO produced eligible of the nanomaterial and has the potential as a raw material for synthesis of hydroxyapatite.Keywords: Nanomaterial, ball milling, calcium oxide, fish bon

Development of the Potentiometric Method for Measurement of Cu

Potentiometry is one of method on measuring metals based on cell potential. Measurements using potentiometry are divided into comparative cells and concentration cells. Concentration cells are measurements of a cell's potential by using two solutions with different concentrations. The aim of this study was to develop a concentration cell potentiometric method equipped with applications so measurements are easier and faster. The added application able to calculate the results of experiments so that the calculation process becomes faster and easier. Validation results give the results of the R the value of 0.9990; LoD 7.6484x10-7, LoQ 6.2103x10-7, RSD 0.64%, and recovery 98.05%. This optimum measurement was carried out at 30 oC and pH 5. The results of Cu measurements in well water obtained the result of 0.9633 ppm. Measurements using the development of this method, get good validation results and can be used on measurements similar to those in the aquatic environment. Keywords: Potentiometry, cell concentration, Copper (Cu), validation, aquatic environmen

ADSORPTION OF PHENOL POLLUTANTS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING Ca-BENTONITE/CHITOSAN COMPOSITE (Adsorpsi Polutan Fenol dari Larutan Berair Menggunakan Komposit Ca-Bentonit/Kitosan)

Phenolic compounds areorganic pollutants that are toxic and carcinogenic.The presence of phenol in the environmentcan be adverse to humanand the environmentalsystem. One methodthat iseffective toreduce thephenolisadsorption. In this study, the adsorption of phenol in aqueous solution using Ca-bentonite/chitosan composite was investigated. Chitosan is the deacetylation product of chitin from shrimp waste. Characterization of Ca-bentonite/chitosan composite was done by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Batch adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the effects of some parameters such as initial concentration of phenol, composite weight, pH and contact time. The results showed that FTIR spectra of Ca-bentonite/chitosan composite presented the characteristic of peak of Ca-bentonite and chitosan that confirmed the successful synthesis of composite. The SEM-EDX characterizationresultsshowedCa-bentonite surfacecoverage by chitosanand the presence ofcarbonandnitrogenelementsinCa-bentonite/chitosancompositeindicated that chitosan had bonded with bentonite. The optimum condition of adsorption of Ca-bentonite/chitosan to phenol was obtained at 125 mg.L-1 of concentration in which the weight of composite was 1.0 g, the pH of solution was 7, the contact time was 30 minutes, and the capacity of adsorption was 12.496 mg.g-1.ABSTRACTPhenolic compounds are organic pollutants that are toxic and carcinogenic.The presence of phenol in the environment can be adverse to human and the environmental system. One method that is effective to reduce the phenol is adsorption. In this study, the adsorption of phenol in aqueous solution using Ca-bentonite/chitosan composite was investigated. Chitosan is the deacetylation product of chitin from shrimp waste. Characterization of Ca-bentonite/chitosan composite was done by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Batch adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the effects of some parameters such as initial concentration of phenol, composite weight, pH and contact time. The results showed that FTIR spectra of Ca-bentonite/chitosan composite presented the characteristic of peak of Ca-bentonite and chitosan that confirmed the successful synthesis of composite. The SEM-EDX characterization results showed Ca-bentonite surface coverage by chitosan and the presence of carbon and nitrogen elements in Ca-bentonite/chitosan composite indicated that chitosan had bonded with bentonite. The optimum condition of adsorption of Ca-bentonite/chitosan to phenol was obtained at 125 mg.L-1 of concentration in which the weight of composite was 1.0 g, the pH of solution was 7, the contact time was 30 minutes, and the capacity of adsorption was 12.496 mg.g-1. ABSTRAKFenol merupakan polutan organik yang bersifat toksik dan karsinogenik. Keberadaan fenol di lingkungan berbahaya bagi manusia dan sistem lingkungan. Salah satu metoda yang efektif digunakan untuk mengurangi fenol adalah adsorpsi. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari kemampuan komposit Ca-bentonit/kitosan untuk mengadsorpsi fenol. Kitosan diperoleh dari hasil deasetilasi kitin yang diekstraksi dari limbah udang. Karakterisasi komposit Ca-bentonit/kitosan dilakukan menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Metoda Batch digunakan untuk mempelajari proses adsorpsi dengan parameter meliputi konsentrasi awal fenol, berat komposit, pH larutan dan waktu kontak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa spektra FTIR komposit Ca-bentonit/kitosan merupakan gabungan dari serapan Ca-bentonit dan kitosan. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan SEM-EDX menunjukkan permukaan Ca-bentonit tertutup oleh kitosan, keberadaan unsur karbon dan nitrogen pada komposit Ca-bentonit/kitosan mengindikasikan telah terbentuknya ikatan Ca-bentonit dengan kitosan. Kondisi optimum adsorpsi fenol menggunakan komposit Ca-bentonit/kitosan diperoleh pada konsentrasi awal fenol 125 mg.L-1, berat komposit 1,0 g, pH larutan 6 dan waktu kontak 30 menit dengan kapasitas adsorpsi sebesar 12,496 mg.g-1

Biokonsentrasi Faktor (BCF) dan Faktor Translokasi (TF) Purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) dalam Fitoremediasi Air Asam Tambang

Acid mine drainage is mining waste that contains a lot of sulfate and heavy metals such as Fe and Mn which can cause environmental damage and pollute the ecosystem, therefore it needs to be managed. One way to manage acid mine drainage is with phytoremediation techniques using Purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis). The ability of Purun tikus to accumulate heavy metals can be known by calculating the bio-concentration factor (BCF) and tranclocation factor (TF). This study aims to determine the value of bio concentration factor (BCF) and tranclocation factor (TF) in rat purun in absorbing Fe and Mn so that it can be used for coal mine acid water management. Sampling was conducted using Convenience sampling method. Analysis of Fe, Mn, BCF and TF levels was carried out using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In the study, the bio concentration factor (BCF) value for Fe was 7.53, and for Mn was 30.09. While the value of the tranclocation factor (TF) for Fe is 0.77 or the value of TF less than 1, this indicates that rat Purun in accumulating Fe metal uses a phytostabilization mechanism. Then the tranclocation factor (TF) value for Mn is 1.44 or TF value more than 1, indicating that in accumulating Mn metal, Purun rats use a phytoextraction mechanism

Chitosan Menurunkan Kadar Ferritin Serum dan Deposit Besi Jantung pada Tikus Putih Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Model Iron Overload

Kemampuan chitosan untuk mengikat besi dapat diketahui dengan cara mengukur kadar ferritin serum dan deposit besi jantung pada tikus putih wistar (Rattus norvegicus) jantan model iron overload. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah eksperimen laboratorium in vivo. Tiga puluh (30) ekor  tikus wistar jantan dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok, yaitu kelompok normal (N) diberi makanan standar dan tanpa perlakuan tertentu, kelompok control negative (K-) diberi makanan standar dan diinjeksikan iron sucrose 75 mg/KgBB selama lima minggu (3x seminggu) secara intraperitoneal. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari P1, P2, P3 diinjeksikan iron sucrose 75mg/kgBB selama lima minggu (3x seminggu) serta diberikan tambahan perlakuan yang berbeda. Selain diberikan makanan standar, kelompok P1 diberikan chitosan secara oral 16 mg/KgBB/hari, kelompok P2 diberikan chitosan secara oral 32 mg/KgBB/hari, sedangkan kelompok P3 diberikan chitosan oral 64 mg/KgBB/hari. Kelompok control positif (K+) pada penelitian ini diinjeksi iron sucrose dan diberikan deferiprone 75mg/KgBB/hari secara oral. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pemberian chitosan 16mg/KgBB/hari yang diberikan secara oral tidak memiliki perbedaan secara signifikan (p>0,05) dari pemberian deferiprone oral dalam menurunkan kadar ferritin serum dan deposit besi jantung

Study on Groundwater Quality in Concern to Potent Pollution at Secondary Block P17-5N Delta Telang II (Case Study of Muliasari Village, Tanjung Lago Banyuasin District, South Sumatera Province Indonesia)

Research had been carried out on tidal marshes condition at tertiary channel Muliasari Village and the effect of land user behavior on water and soils quality. The aimed of research is to evaluate water and soil quality and potent pollution due to fertilizer and pesticide utilization. The research methods are survey and qualitative approach using observation and directed interview with questionnaire aid. Water and soils samples were taken by purposive sampling method. Measurement obtained soils has pH 4.59 and 3.92 for TC4 and TC5 respectively. Cation exchange capacity is 21.65 mg/100 g or TC4 and 20.62 mg/100 g for TC5. C-organic contained in both TC4 and TC5 are very high whereas Total-N is moderate hence ratio C/N has moderate value. P2O5 detected as 81.55 ppm at TC4 and 36.06 ppm at TC5. According to Soils Research Centre Bogor, TC4 and TC5 has moderate value of N (35%) while P and K very high (81.55 ppm and 103.32 ppm). Scoring result concluded that soils is in good health and has 76% (TC4) and 73% (TC5). Storet method confirmed score result for soils as B-class or in good condition. According to these result, TC4 and TC5 of Muliasari Village was lightly polluted and still has good prospect as crops land. Key Words: Tidal zone, Water quality, pollutio

Pelatihan Pembuatan Hand Sanitizer Cair dari Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Nipis di Kawasan Wisata Desa Burai

Burai village is located in Tanjung Batu sub-district, Ogan Ilir district. Burai Village is a tourism mainstay village in Ogan Ilir district. This village is known as the colorful village. As an ecotourism destination, water tourism and fishing programs have been developed, as well as environmentally friendly fish farming through organic feed. Other tourism potentials, such as the existence of traditional Bari houses that are more than 200 years old, and songket crafts. As patients with the COVID-19 virus have decreased, the number of tourists visiting Burai village has also increased. Health protocols are still needed, one of which is the use of hand sanitizer. This community service activity is to provide training on making liquid hand sanitizer from lime peel extract with the target audience being the Burai village community, especially tourism service providers. Lime plant is one of the plants cultivated by the people of Burai village. Orange peel extract contains essential oils that function to inhibit the growth of bacteria. In addition, orange peel extract has a fresh aroma. Activities are carried out by giving lectures, training on making hand sanitizers and packaging them. With this activity, it is hoped that the community will be able to provide hand sanitizers for both their own needs and tourists. The results of the activity showed high community participation in activities, more than 75% of the target audience liked the aroma of lime peel extract hand sanitizer

Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study Removal of Co(II) Using Biosorbent Spirulina sp. in Aqueous Solution

Kinetic and thermodynamic adsorption study of Co(II) ions from aqueous solutions by dried Spirulina sp. biomass was investigated in the batch system. The Spirulina sp. was isolated and cultured from algae swamp ecosystem in South Sumatera. The adsorption properties of Co(II) onto dried Spirulina sp. biomass was studied by the influence of contact time, initial metal ion concentration and reaction temperature. The experimental results were the rate of adsorption followed the second-order kinetic model with the rate of reaction k2 is 0.023 g mg-1 min-1  and the thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption was well fitted to the Langmuir’s model, and the amount of Co(II) removed from solution increased with increasing Co(II) concentration with the higher adsorption energy was 10.38 kJ/mol at 30 °C.Keywords: Spirulina sp, Co(II), adsorption, algae swamp, South Sumater

Core-shell Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 Magnetic Modified Ag for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Congo Red Dye and Antibacterial Activity

Disposal of dye wastewater can induce detrimental consequences for human health and the environment. The study aims to synthesize composites consisting of core-shell Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 modified with Ag. The composites comprise a Fe3O4 core, a SiO2 interlayer, and a TiO2 shell, with Ag being mobilized on the surface of the core and shell structures. Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2@Ag composite was employed in the photocatalytic degradation of Congo red dye and antibacterial activity test. The degradation was facilitated by visible light irradiation while considering different factors such as pH solution, the photocatalyst dosage, and the dye's initial concentration. The composite was characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The findings indicated that the composite exhibited strong magnetic, measuring 49.4 emu/g, with a band gap of 2.92 eV. The composite showed commendable catalytic properties, with degradation efficiency of 96.52% for Congo red dye under conditions: a pH solution of 4, a dosage of 0.5 g/L, and a dye concentration of 10 mg/L at 100 min of irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation kinetic is align with pseudo-first-order reactions. The composite also exhibits remarkable stability and efficiency with 4.83% decline in degradation efficiency after five cycles. Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2@Ag composite exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 250 mg/L. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)