11 research outputs found
Social disclosure and cost of equity in public companies in Brazil
Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a relação entre o nÃvel de social disclosure e o custo de capital próprio em companhias abertas no
Brasil. Assume-se a hipótese de que os programas sociais externos promovidos ou apoiados pelas empresas contribuem para a construção
da imagem reputacional das organizações, compensando as externalidades, trazendo benefÃcios sob o ponto de vista econômico, pela
relação negativa com o custo do capital. Para testar essa hipótese, foram coletados e analisados os relatórios de responsabilidade social de
83 empresas listadas na Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias e Futuros de São Paulo (BM&FBovespa), no perÃodo de 2005 a 2009. Para avaliação
do nÃvel de social disclosure das empresas analisadas, foi utilizado um Ãndice composto de 13 indicadores. O custo de capital próprio foi
ajustado ao risco mediante o Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) e testado por meio de regressão com dados em painel com efeitos fixos
seccionais. Os resultados evidenciam que há relação negativa entre custo de capital próprio e nÃvel de social disclosure, indicando, para o
mercado acionário brasileiro, uma forma semiforte de eficiência de mercado. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of social disclosure and the cost of equity in public companies in Brazil. The
hypothesis is that external social programs promoted or supported by a company increase the organization's reputation, compensate for
externalities and bring economic benefits through the negative relationship with the cost of equity. To test this hypothesis, social responsibility
reports of 83 companies listed on the São Paulo Stock, Mercantile and Futures Exchanges (Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias e Futuros de São
Paulo - BM&FBovespa) from the period 2005-2009 were collected and analyzed. A composite index of 13 indicators was used to evaluate
the social disclosure level of the companies analyzed. The cost of equity was risk-adjusted using the capital asset-pricing model (CAPM) and
regression tested using panel data with cross-sectional fixed effects. The results show a negative relationship between the cost of equity and level
of social disclosure, indicating that the Brazilian stock market has a semi-strong form of market efficiency
Case Study on partner-centric perceived linking Corporate Social Responsibility -Focused on Doosan Heavy Indusry & Construction-
Tetraphenylethylene-BODIPY aggregation-induced emission luminogens for near-infrared polymer light-emitting diodes
Responsabilidade social corporativa e desempenho financeiro das empresas brasileiras na crise de 2008
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CLIMATERIC SYMPTOMS IN WOMEN AROUND MENOPAUSE ATTENDING MANOPAUSE CLINICS IN ITALY
Objective: To obtain data on correlates of climacteric symptoms in women around menopause attending menopause clinics in
Italy.
Methods: Since 1997 a large cross sectional study has been conducted on the characteristics of women around menopause
attending a network of first level menopause outpatient\u2019s clinics in Italy. A total of 66,501 (mean age 54.4 years) women are
considered in the present paper.
Results: The odds ratios of moderate and severe hot flashes/night sweats were lower in more educated women and (for severe
symptoms only) in women reporting regular physical activity. Depression, difficulty to sleep, forgetfulness and irritability tended
to be less frequent in more educated women and (depression only) in women reporting regular physical activity. Parous women
reported more frequently these symptoms.
Conclusions: This large study confirms in Southern European population that low education, body mass index and low physical
activity are associated with climacteric symptoms. Parous women are at greater risk of psychological symptoms.
\ua9 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved
Factors associated with climacteric symptoms in women around menopause attending menopause clinics in Italy
Objective: To obtain data on correlates of climacteric symptoms in women around menopause attending menopause clinics in Italy. Methods: Since 1997 a large cross sectional study has been conducted on the characteristics of women around menopause attending a network of first level menopause outpatient's clinics in Italy. A total of 66,501 (mean age 54.4 years) women are considered in the present paper. Results: The odds ratios of moderate and severe hot flashes/night sweats were lower in more educated women and (for severe symptoms only) in women reporting regular physical activity. Depression, difficulty to sleep, forgetfulness and irritability tended to be less frequent in more educated women and (depression only) in women reporting regular physical activity. Parous women reported more frequently these symptoms. Conclusions: This large study confirms in Southern European population that low education, body mass index and low physical activity are associated with climacteric symptoms. Parous women are at greater risk of psychological symptoms
Risk factors for type 2 diabetes in women attending menopause clinics in Italy: a cross-sectional study
OBJECTIVE:
To analyze risk factors for type 2 diabetes among women attending menopause clinics in Italy for counselling about the menopause.
SUBJECTS:
Women attending a network of first-level outpatient menopause clinics in Italy for general counselling about menopause or treatment of menopausal symptoms.
METHODS:
Cross-sectional study with no exclusion criteria. Type 2 diabetes was defined according to National Diabetes Data Groups Indications and the fasting blood glucose at an oral glucose tolerance test within the previous year.
RESULTS:
Out of the 44 694 considered in this analysis, 808 had a diagnosis of diabetes type 2 (1.8%). In comparison with women aged or = 57 years. Type 2 diabetes was less frequently reported in more educated women (OR high school/university vs. primary school = 0.44 (95% CI, 0.36-0.55)). Being overweight was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In comparison with women reporting a low level of physical activity, the multivariate OR of type 2 diabetes was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.54-0.84) for women reporting regular physical activity. In comparison with premenopausal women, the multivariate OR of type 2 diabetes was 1.38 (95% CI, 1.03-1.84) in women with natural menopause. This finding was present also after allowing for the potential confounding effect of age. The multivariate OR of diabetes for users of hormonal replacement therapy was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.46-0.73).
CONCLUSIONS:
This large cross-sectional study suggests that postmenopausal women are at higher risk of type 2 diabetes after allowance for the effect of age. Other main determinants of risk of type 2 diabetes in women around menopause were low socioeconomic status and being overweight. Diabetes was found less frequently in those taking hormone replacement therapy