The status of redfish (S. mentella and S. fasciatus) in Divisions 3LN at present and the likelihood its follow up in the near future (under the ongoing the Management Strategy or a status quo TAC scenario)

There are two species of redfish in Divisions 3L and 3N, the deep-sea redfish (Sebastes mentella) and the Acadian redfish (Sebastes fasciatus) that have been commercially fished and reported collectively as redfish in fishery statistics. Both species, occurring on Div. 3LN and managed as a single stock, don’t belong to isolated local populations but, on the contrary, are part of a large Northwest Atlantic complex ranging from the Gulf of Maine to south of Baffin Island. The ASPIC assessment of this stock is based on the logistic form of a non-equilibrium surplus production model (Schaeffer, 1954; Prager, 1994), adjusted to a standardized catch rate series (Power, 1997) and to all stratified-random bottom trawl surveys conducted in various years and seasons in Div. 3L and Div. 3N from 1978 onwards. Both CPUE and surveys were used with all observations within each series. The 2018 assessment proceed on the threshold of the new 2014 approach, the main features of the previous input framework were kept, with MSY fixed at 1960-1985 average catch and the rest of the approved 2014 assessment framework updated. Despite its poor performance the 3L Spanish survey has been kept in the analysis due to its high correlation with the autumn 3LN Canadian survey, one of the two backbone series of the assessment. ASPIC results confirm a stable stock from the 1960’s to the first half of the 1980’s, sustaining an average yield of 21 000t. Stock declined with a sudden rise of the catch over the late 1980’s first half of the 1990’s, and started to gradually recover after catches fell to a residual level when the stock collapse. The maximum observed sustainable yield (MSY) of 21 000 t can be a long term sustainable yield if fishing mortality stands at 0.11/year, exploiting a correspondent Bmsy at 187 000 t. From assessment results there is a high probability (CL’s 80%) that the stock was at the beginning of 2018 above Bmsy, after crossing 2017 under a fishing mortality most likely below 34% Fmsy

The status of redfish (S. mentella and S. fasciatus) in Divisions 3LN and two medium term scenarios (when recruitment is low, Risk Based Management Strategy or common sense?)

There are two species of redfish in Divisions 3L and 3N, the deep-sea redfish (Sebastes mentella) and the Acadian redfish (Sebastes fasciatus) that have been commercially fished and reported collectively as redfish in fishery statistics. Both species, occurring on Div. 3LN and managed as a single stock, don’t belong to isolated local populations but, on the contrary, are part of a large Northwest Atlantic complex ranging from the Gulf of Maine to south of Baffin Island. The ASPIC assessment of this stock is based on the logistic form of a non-equilibrium surplus production model (Schaeffer, 1954; Prager, 1994), adjusted to a standardized commercial catch rate series (Power, 1997) and to all stratified-random bottom trawl surveys conducted in various years and seasons in Div. 3L and Div. 3N from 1978 onwards. Both CPUE and surveys were used with all observations within each series. The 2020 assessment proceed on the threshold of the new 2014 approach, with MSY fixed at 1960- 1985 average catch and the rest of the approved 2014 assessment framework updated. ASPIC results present a stock stable from the 1960’s to the first half of the 1980’s while sustaining an average yield of 21 000t. Stock declined with a sudden rise of the catch over the late 1980’s first half of the 1990’s, and started to gradually recover after catches fell to a residual level in response to stock collapse. The maximum observed sustainable yield (MSY) of 21 000 t is linked to a Fmsy at 0.11/year and a Bmsy at 185 000 t. There is a high probability (>90%) that the stock was at least 38% above Bmsy at the beginning of 2020, after crossing 2019 under a fishing mortality not higher than 46% Fmsy

An assessment of beaked redfish (S. mentella and S. fasciatus) in NAFO Division 3M, from a biological based approach to recent levels of natural mortality (2011-2016)

The 3M redfish assessment is focused on the beaked redfish, regarded as a management unit composed of two populations from two very similar species: the Flemish Cap S. mentella and S. fasciatus. The reason for this approach is the historical dominance of this group in the 3M redfish commercial catch until 2005. However a new golden redfish fishery (S. marinus) started on September 2005 on shallower depths of the Flemish Cap bank above 300m, and the Flemish Cap cod fishery reopened in 2010. These new realities implied a revision of catch estimates, in order to split recent redfish commercial catch and by-catch from the major fleets on Div. 3M into golden (S. marinus) and beaked (S. mentella and S. faThe Extended Survivor Analysis assessment used as tuning file the 1989-2016 EU survey abundance at age matrix included in a revised input framework. Continuing pressure over Flemish Cap redfish stocks by cod predation, at levels higher, or much higher, than the levels prior to 2006 lead to higher natural mortalities since then. In order to include an independent approach to natural mortality in the sensitivity M framework, for the more recent years (2011-2016) natural mortality has been estimated from a number of different biological models, some size/age-independent and others size/age-dependent. These different estimates were arranged in two sets and tuned to survey at age data. A natural mortality of 0.1 on 2015-2016 and the natural mortalities adjusted on previous assessments were found to be the most suitable option to M input. A 2017-2013 retrospective XSA was performed, confirming the consistency of the present with preceding results as regards stock biomass, female spawning biomass and fishing mortality.sciatus) redfish catches. Above average year classes and high survival rates allowed a rapid growth of biomass and abundance 2003 onwards, pulling the stock to a 2008-2010 high. Since 2009 abundance went down for causes other than fishing, being still above the 1990’s low in 2016. By the turn of the decade stock biomass and female spawning biomass (SSB) shown marginal declines as well, but reversed on 2011-2012. Individual growth of survivors and low fishing mortalities sustained stock biomass and SSB at high levels till 2015-2016. Recruitment at age 4 increased from 2002 till 2006 and was maintained at a maximum level till 2009. Recruitment declined since then and is kept on 2015-2016 at the low of the weak year classes from the 1990’s, while SSB is still well above the size that originated the high 2002-2006 recruitments. Despite the significant decline so far natural mortality has not flattened yet. If natural mortality and fishing mortality stay at their most recent levels, the actual high of female spawning biomass can hold on 2018-2019. But on the long term it will be natural mortality, namely over pre recruited ages, to determine the future of beaked redfish as a fishery resource. On 2015 STACFIS remind that projections are based in the assumption that natural mortality stay at its most recent level on the present year and at least on the two next coming years. And that, taking into account the uncertainty on the present and future level of natural mortality, its impact on female spawning stock biomass at the end of any projection is unknown. On 2017 these constraints are still in place, and therefore short and medium term projections are not presented.Versión del edito

An Assessment of Beaked Redfish (S. mentella and S. fasciatus) in NAFO Division 3M (With a Revised Approach to Quantify the Increase on Redfish Natural Mortality Determined by the Increase on Cod Predation Observed Over Recent Years, 2006-2012)

The 3M redfish assessment is focused on the beaked redfish, regarded as a management unit composed of two populations from two very similar species: the Flemish Cap S. mentella and S. fasciatus. The reason for this approach is the historical dominance of this group in the 3M redfish commercial catch until 2005. However a new golden redfish fishery (S. marinus) started on September 2005 on shallower depths of the Flemish Cap bank above 300m, and the Flemish Cap cod fishery reopened in 2010. These new realities implied a revision of catch estimates, in order to split recent redfish commercial catch and by-catch from the major fleets on Div. 3M into golden (S. marinus) and beaked (S. mentella and S. fasciatus) redfish catches. An Extended Survivor Analysis (Shepherd, 1999) was used with the same framework of previous assessments and with the tuning of the 1989-2012 EU survey. Survey results suggest that the beaked redfish stock has not been able to hold its growth and sustain an above average level, suffering instead a severe decline on the second half of the 2000’s. The most likely hypothesis to justify this unexpected downward trend on stock size is an increase in natural mortality by cod predation. From the sensitive analysis, natural mortality at 0.4 was applied on ages 4-6 through 2006-2010, and extended to ages 7 plus on 2009 and 2010. It has been kept constant through all ages on 2011 and 2012, but with an overall decline to 0.125.This is the highest possible level of natural mortality giving assessment results in line with the recent survey trends and at the same time with key diagnostics very close to the best ones, obtained with the return on 2011-2012 to the “standard” redfish natural mortality of 0.1. A 2013-2009 retrospective XSA was also carried out, being this assessment very much in line with their immediate predecessors (2012-2011). Above average year classes coupled with low fishing mortalities allowed a rapid growth of biomass and abundance since 2003 that pushed the stock to a 2008-2009 high. Between 2009 and 2011 biomass and abundance of exploitable and 7 plus female stock went down for causes other than fishing. These declines were halted at well above average levels on the terminal year and, at least for biomass, there was some improvement on 2012. The recruitment at age 4 increased from 2002 till 2006 and was kept at a high level until 2009, with 2005 year class as the most abundant year class of the assessment interval. Recruitment to exploitable stock declined since then and is approaching the level of the weak year classes from the 1990’s. Short and medium term stochastic projections were obtained for female spawning stock biomass (SSB) under Fstatusquo , together with SSB and yield medium term probability profiles. As it was documented on the 2011 assessment F0.1 is an unacceptable management option at the current beaked redfish stock status. Keeping on 2014 and 2015 fishing mortality at its present low level will sustain on the short term a high level of female spawning biomass. But on the long term it will be natural mortality to determine the future of beaked redfish as a fishery resource

Клинико-иммунологическая эффективность интерферонотерапии при ротавирусной инфекции у детей раннего возраста

Purpose: to improve the complex therapy of rotavirus infection in infants by including interferon and to evaluate its clinical and immunological effectiveness.Materials and methods. Infants without infectious pathology and with rotavirus infection, who were on standard therapy and treatment, including standard therapy and interferon (20 in each group), were examined using general clinical methods. The diagnosis of rotavirus infection was carried out by molecular-genetic method and immunochromatography. Indicators of cellular immunity were determined by flow cytometry. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the STATISTICA 8.0 program for related and independent samples using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test and χ2.Summary. In all infants with rotavirus infection, the disease occurred in a moderate form with symptoms of grade II exicosis. In the group of patients who received an additional interferon drug as part of complex therapy, the duration of intoxication symptoms was significantly less, and in the hemogram at discharge from the hospital, the relative content of neutrophils was higher and monocytes lower compared to infants who were only on standard treatment, which corresponded to the norm. In the acute period of rotavirus infection, the relative level of lymphocytes decreased, and NK cells and T-NK cells increased compared to healthy infants. The relative number of cells expressing TLR-3 at the beginning of the disease was lower than in the control group. The inclusion of interferon in the complex therapy contributes to normalization of the relative number of NK cells, while maintaining an increased content of T-NK cells in both relative and absolute terms compared to healthy infants, and a reduced content of cells expressing TLR-3.Conclusion. Currently, rotavirus infection in infants is typical, the most pronounced and long-lasting clinical symptom of the disease is watery diarrhea. The use of interferon in complex therapy helps to reduce the duration of intoxication and normalize the hemogram. Changes in the immune status in the acute period of rotavirus infection indicate increased antigenic stimulation of the cell link and inhibition of the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interferons, under the influence of rotavirus, which is the justification for the use of interferon therapy.Цель: совершенствование комплексной терапии ротавирусной инфекции у детей раннего возраста посредством включения препарата интерферона и оценка его клинико-иммунологической эффективности.Материалы и методы. Дети без инфекционной патологии и с ротавирусной инфекцией, находившиеся на стандартной терапии и лечении, включающем стандартную терапию и препарат интерферона (по 20 в каждой группе), обследованы с применением общеклинических методов. Диагностика ротавирусной инфекции проводилась молекулярно-генетическим методом и иммунохроматографически. Показатели клеточного иммунитета определялись методом проточной цитометрии. Статистическая обработка результатов осуществлялась с помощью программы STATISTICA 8.0 для связанных и независимых выборок с использованием непараметрического критерия Манна — Уитни и χ2.Результаты. У всех детей с ротавирусной инфекцией заболевание протекало в среднетяжелой форме с симптомами эксикоза II степени. В группе пациентов, получавших в составе комплексной терапии дополнительно препарат интерферона, продолжительность симптомов интоксикации наблюдалась достоверно меньше, а в гемограмме при выписке из стационара относительное содержание нейтрофилов было выше и моноцитов ниже по сравнению с детьми, находившимися лишь на стандартном лечении, что соответствовало норме. В острый период ротавирусной инфекции относительный уровень лимфоцитов снижался, а NK-клеток и Т-NK-клеток повышался по сравнению со здоровыми детьми. Относительное количество клеток, экспрессирующих TLR-3, в начале заболевания было ниже, чем в группе контроля. Включение в комплексную терапию препарата интерферона способствует нормализации относительного количества NK-клеток при сохранении повышенного содержания Т-NK-клеток как в относительном, так и в абсолютном выражении по сравнению со здоровыми детьми, и пониженного содержания клеток, экспрессирующих TLR-3.Заключение. В настоящее время ротавирусная инфекция у детей раннего возраста протекает типично, наиболее выраженным и длительно сохраняющимся клиническим симптомом заболевания является водянистая диарея. Применение в комплексной терапии препарата интерферона способствует сокращению длительности интоксикации и нормализации гемограммы. Изменения иммунного статуса в острый период ротавирусной инфекции свидетельствуют о повышенной антигенной стимуляции клеточного звена и угнетении под влиянием ротавируса синтеза провоспалительных цитокинов, в том числе интерферонов, что является обоснованием применения интерферонотерапии

Methodical Aspects Introduction of the Special Course the «Save Health Technology in Physical Education of Schoolchildren» on the Faculties of Physical Education

В статті узагальнено методичні підходи до процесу формування професійної компетентності майбутніх вчителів з фізичної культури, визначено провідні напрямки їх підготовки в аспекті формування основ здоров'я дітей, його збереження та зміцнення.In the article the methodical aspect is generalized to the process of forming the professional competence future teachers of physical culture, basic directions of their preparation are certain in the aspect of forming bases of childrens health

DEFB1, MMP9 and COX2 gene polymorphisms and periodontitis

The study is devoted to finding the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1799946–52G>A of the DEFB1 gene, rs2274756–8202 A>G of the MMP9 gene and rs689466–1195 A>G of the COX2 gene with periodontitis in the Ukrainian population. 34 patients participated in the research. They were divided into 2 groups (the study group, which included 22 patients with periodontitis of various degrees of severity; the control group, which included 12 healthy individuals). The dental examination was carried out in a dental office. As a result of the research, it was established that the rs689466 was associated with periodontitis risk under the allelic model and dominant model. Rs1799946 and rs2274756 did not show any association with the disease in the Ukrainian population.Дослідження присвячено пошуку асоціації однонуклеотидних поліморфізмів rs1799946–52G>A гена DEFB1, rs2274756–8202 А>G гена MMP9 та rs689466–1195 А>G гена COX2 з пародонтитом в українській популяції. В дослідженнях приймали участь 34 пацієнта. Вони були розподілені на 2 групи (досліджувана група до якої було залучено 22 пацієнти з пародонтитом різного ступеня важкості; контрольна група до якої було залучено 12 здорових індивідуумів). Стоматологічний огляд було проведено в умовах стоматологічного кабінету. В результаті проведених досліджень було встановлено, що поліморфізм rs689466 асоціювався з ризиком пародонтиту в алельній моделі і домінантній моделі. Дослідна та контрольна групи не відрізнялися достовірно щодо розподілу частот генотипів та алелей поліморфізмів rs1799946 та rs2274756

An Assessment of Beaked Redfish (S. mentella and S. fasciatus) in NAFO Division 3M (With an Approach to the Likely Impact of Recent 3M Cod Growth on Redfish Natural Mortality)

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