Introduction : bringing a new vision to online dispute resolution

This article offers a brief overview of the state-of-the-art ODR domain by presenting the contributions to the field made by the participants in this volume. It also examines some of the challenges that ODR face at present with regard to interoperability and the new evolutions of the Web 2.0. Finally, it also considers the need for a new vision of ODR that, while keeping pace with the technological developments of the Web, situates the users the center of the paradigm

"No quiero regalos. Solo quiero que cambien las leyes". Cuidados, reciprocidad y desigualdad

La feminización de las migraciones en el marco de la “globalización de los cuidados” es un fenómeno que se consolidó en España a partir de la década de los noventa con la llegada de mujeres migrantes. Los estudios sobre las cadenas globales del cuidado pudieron demostrar de qué forma las mujeres migrantes facilitan la vida reproductiva de familias españolas, manteniendo vigente la división sexual del trabajo. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el derecho a vivir en familia de mujeres migrantes trabajadoras del hogar, a partir de tres casos de mujeres latinoamericanas que trabajan por horas en domicilios particulares de Barcelona. Me propongo también, reflexionar desde la antropología sobre cómo se enmascaran las relaciones de explotación bajo formas de reciprocidad e intercambio de favores, dones y regalos, en el servicio doméstico.Palabras clave: migraciones; trabajadoras del hogar; servicio doméstico; cuidados; globalización de los cuidados; reciprocidad.AbstractSince the 1990s, care in Spain has become globalized while, simultaneously, migration has become feminized, as an influx of migrant women has arrived to work as care providers. Several investigations of global care chains have shown how these women facilitate the reproductive life of many Spanish families and allow them to preserve a sexual division of labor.  I analyze the family life rights of migrant domestic workers and their strategies of reconciling work and family life, through three cases of Latin American migrant women who work by the hour in several households. I argue that in domestic work and paid care in these private households, exploitation is disguised as the reciprocal exchange of “gifts” and “favors.”Keywords: migrations; domestic workers; domestic service; care; globalization of care; reciprocity

Justícia de proximitat i de pau en perspectiva

Des de fa uns anys, un bon nombre d'estats, regions i ciutats han impulsat un seguit d'iniciatives al voltant del que es coneix com a justícia de proximitat o, en l'àmbit anglosaxó, community justice. L'emergència d'aquests projectes, programes o desenvolupaments legislatius, per bé que variats quant a forma i dimensió, s'emmarca en un context social -el de les societats occidentals avançades- on destaquen dos elements rellevants. D'una banda, el sentiment creixent d'inseguretat en algunes àrees metropolitanes (la sensació d'una major violència i conflictivitat als barris) i, com a conseqüència d'això, la degradació de la convivència ciutadana i dels espais públics. I de l'altra, els dèficits de l'administració de justícia ordinària o, si més no, les seves dificultats i rigideses a l'hora de donar resposta a aquests fenòmens complexo

ODR 3.0? Lessons from Sri Lanka, India, Kenya and Haiti

Aquest article ofereix una revisió sintètica de l'estat actual dels serveis de resolució en línia de disputes (ODR) en el panorama internacional per, a continuació, presentar alguns dels nous serveis que poden inspirar la configuració d'una nova generació de serveis d'ODR, que hem denominat ODR 3.0. Encara que les plataformes 3.0 aquí presentades no tinguin com a objectiu directe la gestió i la resolució de conflictes mitjançant tècniques com la mediació, la conciliació o l'arbitratge (sí, en certs casos, la negociació), l'impacte que estan demostrant en àmbits afins (per exemple, en la gestió d'emergències i crisis) no pot passar desapercebut en una reflexió sobre el futur del mateix ODR.Este artículo ofrece una revisión sintética del estado actual de los servicios de resolución en línea de disputas (ODR) en el panorama internacional para, a continuación, presentar algunos de los nuevos servicios que pueden inspirar la configuración de una nueva generación de servicios de ODR, a la que hemos denominado ODR 3.0. Aunque las plataformas 3.0 aquí presentadas no tengan como objetivo directo la gestión y resolución de conflictos mediante técnicas como la mediación, la conciliación o el arbitraje (sí, en ciertos casos, la negociación), el impacto que están demostrando en ámbitos afines (por ejemplo, en la gestión de emergencias y crisis) no puede pasar desapercibido en una reflexión sobre el futuro del propio ODR.In this article, we review the current state of online dispute resolution (ODR) services worldwide, followed by the presentation of some of the newer services that may inspire the configuration of a new generation of ODR services, what we call "ODR 3.0". The main objective of these 3.0 platforms is not to manage and resolve conflicts through mediation, conciliation or arbitration, although negotiation is involved in some cases. However, the impact they are having in related fields, such as emergency or crisis management, should be mentioned in a reflection on the future of ODR

A modal-spectral model for flanking transmissions

A model for the prediction of direct and indirect (flanking) sound transmissions is presented. It can be applied to geometries with extrusion symmetry. The structures are modelled with spectral finite elements. The acoustic domains are described by means of a modal expansion of the pressure field and must be cuboid-shaped. These reasonable simplifications in the geometry allow the use of more efficient numerical methods. Consequently the coupled vibroacoustic problem in structures such as junctions is efficiently solved. The vibration reduction index of T-junctions with acoustic excitation and with point force excitation is compared. The differences due to the excitation type obey quite general trends that could be taken into account by prediction formulas. However, they are smaller than other uncertainties not considered in practice. The model is also used to check if the sound transmissions of a fully vibroacoustic problem involving several flanking paths can be reproduced by superposition of independent paths. There exist some differences caused by the interaction between paths, which are more important at low frequencies.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Transmission Loss formulas for junctions taking into accountin-plane waves

In the transmission of vibrations through structural junctions at high frequencies,the distribution of energy between wave types con suffer important variations. It means, for example, that incoming energy concentrated in a bending wave(out-of-plane vibration) can be split in transmitted energy of other wave types:bending, quasi-longitudinal or transverse shear waves. The goal of the research is to provide simple formulas to include this phenomenon in a Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) model through the Coupling Loss Factor (CLF) coefficients. A large number of simulations of a population of junctions is generated by means of a numerical model. Afterwards, this data is post-processed in order to obtain the Transmission Loss (TL) between the different wave types by means of a procedure that mimics the Experimental SEA (it is ESEA with some modifications because in the numerical simulations, the internal loss factor is imposed a priori). Each junction is characterised by means of a parameter that minimises the scattering of the TL data with respect to the approximation formula. Some application examples to building structures are shown.Postprint (published version

Catalonia: independent but united with Europe?

Tax laws and lack of financial autonomy have brought Catalan's disaffection towards the Spanish government to its fullest. And yet, the slogan of the march echoed a unionist aspiration "Catalonia, a new European state". With the prospect of an economic collapse looming large, the debate over a new hypothetical membership is quickly trespassing national borders