Impact of the Cycle "El Niño" South Oscillation 2002 - 2007 on the Fishery and Biology of "smooth" Mugil cephalus in the Region Lambayeque, Perú

La pesca es sin duda una de las actividades económicas más afectada por el impacto de “El Niño”. Estos eventos climáticos 1982-83 y 1997-98 fueron las que impactaron significativamente las pesquerías del Pacífico. En este contexto, el litoral de la región Lambayeque dentro del ecosistema marino de la Corriente de Humboldt, es afectado recurrentemente por “El Niño” y su contraparte “La Niña”, haciendo variar su productividad. En este ecosistema se desarrolla Mugil cephalus “lisa”, uno de los recursos que sustentan la pesquería artesanal en el Perú, con mayores volúmenes de captura en el norte del país. Esto ha motivado el estudio de impacto del Ciclo “El Niño” 1991-2007 sobre su pesquería a través de datos ambientales y volúmenes de desembarque proporcionados por el IMARPE-Centro Regional de Investigación Pesquera de Santa Rosa y de su biología: crecimiento, alimentación, reproducción y parasitismo, obtenidos en muestreos biológico-pesqueros mensuales. Se estudiaron 272 especimenes. El alimento constituido por detritus y plancton; la longitud total varió entre 22 y 39 cm. y el peso entre 11 y 658 g. El IGS disminuyó de 6,428 en setiembre a 0.482 en febrero, pasando de un desove a un estado de descanso. Se reportan parásitos: monogeneos, nemátodos y copépodos. El número de machos fue 143 y hembras 129, no habiendo diferencia significativa (X2=0,621). Los desembarques mensuales de Mugil cephalus entre 2002 y 2006 variaron de 1,425 a 85 Kg. Siguen la tendencia de decremento de las capturas totales en la Región Lambayeque. Se evidencia que con el incremento de la temperatura superficial del mar: se incrementan las capturas de este recurso pesquero

Human Astrovirus Outbreak in a Daycare Center and Propagation among Household Contacts

Astrovirus; Contactos domésticos; BroteAstrovirus; Contactes domèstics; BrotAstrovirus; Household contacts; OutbreakWe investigated an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis due to human astrovirus in a daycare center, describing the transmission mechanism, the most affected age groups, conditioning factors and the extent of the outbreak among household contacts of the daycare center attenders. Data were collected from persons exposed at the daycare center and their home contacts. Fecal samples from affected and non-affected daycare center attenders were analyzed for viruses causing acute gastroenteritis by RT-PCR. The percentage of households affected and the attack rates (AR) were calculated. The attack rates were compared using the rate ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals. Information was obtained from 245 people (76 attenders and 169 contacts) of whom 49 were clinical cases. Five HAstV-4, two HAstV-8 and three non-typable HAstV cases were identified (six from clinical cases and four from asymptomatic infected people). The global AR was 20% (41.2% in children aged < 2 years). Data were obtained from 67 households: 20 households of affected attenders and 47 of non-affected attendees. Household contacts of affected attenders had a higher AR (74.3%) than that of non-affected attendees (2.4%). We found asymptomatic infections amongst daycare attendees. The transmission of HAstV during the outbreak was not limited to the daycare center but extended to household contacts of both affected and non-affected attenders.This study was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the project PI16/02005 (Co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund “Investing in your future”) and the Catalan Agency for the Management of Grants for University (AGAUR Grant Number 2017/SGR 1342)

Plant and soil metal concentrations in serpentine soils and their influence on the diet of extensive livestock animals

Background: Grazing circuits and resources consumed differ strongly throughout the year and within a territory. For this reason, animals’ diet composition, as well as their exposure to metals, is variable. No studies have been performed on how habitat use affects the metal concentrations to which sheep and goats reared in serpentine soil areas are exposed. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the metal exposure of grazing animals raised in a serpentine soil area of the north-east of Portugal, taking into account the spatial distribution of metal concentrations in soils and plants. Methods: The habitat use and foraging behaviour of six flocks of sheep and goats were studied. The concentrations of Ca, Mg, Mn, Cr and Ni were determined in the soils and plant species most consumed by those animals. Results: The highest Mg, Mn, Cr and Ni concentrations were found in the soils of the ultramafic complex. Ni concentrations above the recommended threshold for agricultural soils (30 μg/g) were found in some sites. A positive correlation between Ni concentration in soils and plants was found (0.634). Ni concentrations higher than 10 μg/g were found in some samples of the following plant species: Sorghum × drummondii (Steud.) Millsp. & Chase,Quercus rotundifolia Lam., Cytisus multiflorus (L’Hér.) Sweet, Cistus ladanifer L. and Erica scoparia L. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in metal concentrations of the plants most consumed by each flock were observed. Conclusion: Grazing circuits have an important role in the metal exposure of animals raised in this serpentine soil area.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Estado inmunonutricional en niños con diarrea crónica inespecífica

Introducción : la ruptura del equilibrio inmunonutricional en los pacientes con diarrea crónica inespecífica (DCI) entorpece la evolución clínica y favorece la aparición de complicaciones. Objetivo: caracterizar el estado inmunonutricional de niños con Diarrea Crónica Inespecífica. Materiales y Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal a 44 niños menores de 6 años con diagnóstico de diarrea crónica inespecífica, atendidos en el Instituto de Gastroenterología en el período comprendido de marzo del 2012 a mayo 2014. A todos se les aplicó cuestionario, previo consentimiento informado y se les realizó mensuraciones antropométricas, exámenes parasitológicos y bacteriológicos en heces, hemograma completo, determinación de hierro sérico, dosificación de inmunoglobulinas totales y ultrasonido de timo. Para el análisis estadístico se emplearon distribuciones de frecuencia y para la comparación entre los grupos se utilizó la prueba del X2. Se consideró significativo una p &lt; 0,05. Resultados: la población objeto de estudio no superó los 4 años de edad, con un predominio del sexo masculino sin asociación entre edad y sexo. El 43.2% de los pacientes presentó algún grado de malnutrición con un comportamiento similar entre los malnutridos por defecto y por exceso. Poco menos de la mitad de los pacientes tuvo anemia. La hipoplasia tímica y los niveles séricos bajos de IgA fueron condiciones frecuentes en la población estudiada. Conclusiones: el compromiso del estado inmunonutricional de los niños con diarrea crónica inespecífica no es infrecuente. Se manifiesta en elevada frecuencia de malnutrición, anemia, hipoplasia tímica y niveles séricos bajos de IgA. Palabras clave: Diarrea crónica inespecífica, equilibrio inmunonutricional hipoplasia tímica. ABSTRACT  Introduction: breaking down the immune nutritional balance in patients with chronic nonspecific diarrhea (ICD) hinders the clinical course and promotes complications. Objective: to characterize the immune nutritional state of children with ICD. Material and Methods: a cross-sectional study in 44 children younger than 6 years prior consent was performed with a diagnosis of chronic nonspecific diarrhea treated at the Institute of Gastroenterology from March 2012 to May 2014. Aconsent informed questionnaire was applied previously to all patients, who underwent anthropometric assessment, bacteriological and parasitological stool examinations, complete blood count, determination of serum iron, determination of total immunoglobulin and ultrasound thymus. Statistical analysis included, frequency distributions, to comparison among the test groups, Chi-square test was done (considering significant; p&lt;0.05). Results: the population did not exceed 4 years old, with a male predominance and no association between age and sex. 43.2% of patients had some grade of malnutrition without differences between calorie and protein malnutrition and overweight. Just under half of the patients had anemia. Thymic hypoplasia and low serum IgA levels were more common conditions. Conclusions: the commitment of immune nutritional status of children with chronic nonspecific diarrhea is not uncommon. It manifests itself in high frequency of malnutrition, anemia, thymic hypoplasia, and low serum IgA.  Keywords: Chronic nonspecific diarrhea, immune nutritional state, thymic hypoplasia.</p

Disseminated tuberculosis and diagnosis delay during the COVID-19 era in a Western European country : a case series analysis

Disseminated tuberculosis is frequently associated with delayed diagnosis and a poorer prognosis. To describe case series of disseminated TB and diagnosis delay in a low TB burden country during the COVID-19 period. We consecutively included all patients with of disseminated TB reported from 2019 to 2021 in the reference hospital of the Northern Crown of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona. We collected socio-demographic information, clinical, laboratory and radiological findings. We included all 30 patients reported during the study period-5, 9, and 16 in 2019, 2020, and 2021 respectively-20 (66.7%) of whom were male and whose mean age was 41 years. Twenty-five (83.3%) were of non-EU origin. The most frequent system involvement was central nervous system (N = 8; 26.7%) followed by visceral (N = 7; 23.3%), gastro-intestinal (N = 6, 20.0%), musculoskeletal (N = 5; 16.7%), and pulmonary (N = 4; 13.3%). Hypoalbuminemia and anemia were highly prevalent (72 and 77%). The median of diagnostic delay was 6.5 months (IQR 1.8-30), which was higher among women (36.0 vs. 3.5 months; p = 0.002). Central nervous system involvement and pulmonary involvement were associated with diagnostic delay among women. We recorded 24 cured patients, two deaths, three patients with post-treatment sequelae, and one lost-to-follow up. We observed a clustering effect of patients in low-income neighborhoods (p < 0.001). There was a substantial delay in the diagnosis of disseminated TB in our study region, which might impacted the prognosis with women affected more negatively. Our results suggest that an increase in the occurrence of disseminated TB set in motion by diagnosis delay may have been a secondary effect of the COVID-19 pandemic

Corrigendum : Disseminated tuberculosis and diagnosis delay during the COVID-19 era in a Western European country: a case series analysis

Disseminated tuberculosis is frequently associated with delayed diagnosis and a poorer prognosis. To describe case series of disseminated TB and diagnosis delay in a low TB burden country during the COVID-19 period. We consecutively included all patients with of disseminated TB reported from 2019 to 2021 in the reference hospital of the Northern Crown of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona. We collected socio-demographic information, clinical, laboratory and radiological findings. We included all 30 patients reported during the study period-5, 9, and 16 in 2019, 2020, and 2021 respectively-20 (66.7%) of whom were male and whose mean age was 41 years. Twenty-five (83.3%) were of non-EU origin. The most frequent system involvement was central nervous system (N = 8; 26.7%) followed by visceral (N = 7; 23.3%), gastro-intestinal (N = 6, 20.0%), musculoskeletal (N = 5; 16.7%), and pulmonary (N = 4; 13.3%). Hypoalbuminemia and anemia were highly prevalent (72 and 77%). The median of diagnostic delay was 6.5 months (IQR 1.8-30), which was higher among women (36.0 vs. 3.5 months; p = 0.002). Central nervous system involvement and pulmonary involvement were associated with diagnostic delay among women. We recorded 24 cured patients, two deaths, three patients with post-treatment sequelae, and one lost-to-follow up. We observed a clustering effect of patients in low-income neighborhoods (p < 0.001). There was a substantial delay in the diagnosis of disseminated TB in our study region, which might impacted the prognosis with women affected more negatively. Our results suggest that an increase in the occurrence of disseminated TB set in motion by diagnosis delay may have been a secondary effect of the COVID-19 pandemic

Vigilància epidemiològica dels casos greus hospitalitzats confirmats de grip. Xarxa sentinella PIDIRAC (Catalunya 2010-2015)

Grip; Viigilància; Epidemiologia; Antivírics; VacunaGripe; Vigilancia; Epidemiología; Antivíricos; VacunaFlu; Surveillance; Epidemiology; Antivirals; VaccineIntroducció: el Pla d’informació de les infeccions respiratòries agudes a Catalunya (PIDIRAC) va incorporar la vigilància de casos greus hospitalitzats confirmats de grip (CGHCG) l’any 2009. L’objectiu de l’estudi és descriure les característiques clíniques, epidemiològiques i virològiques dels CGHCG registrats en 12 hospitals de la xarxa sentinella durant cinc temporades gripals. Mètode: la mostra consta dels CGHCG registrats durant les temporades que van de 2010-2011 a 2014-2015. La tècnica de confirmació emprada ha estat la PCR i/o l’aïllament viral en cultiu cel·lular a partir de mostra respiratòria. Resultats: es van registrar 1.400 CGHCG, dels quals un 33% van requerir ingrés a l’UCI i un 12% van ser èxitus. La mitjana d’edat dels casos va ser de 55,2 anys (DE: 26,7 anys), amb un rang de 0-101 anys. Un 70,8% no estaven vacunats; un 87% van rebre tractament antiviral en el 80,4% i el 24% dels casos abans de 48 hores d’ingrés i d’inici de símptomes, respectivament. En el 87,7% dels casos es va identificar el virus de la grip A (37,9% A(H1N1)pdm09 i 29,3% A(H3N2)). Conclusions: la vigilància de CGHCG proporciona una estimació de la gravetat de les epidèmies estacionals de grip i permet identificar i caracteritzar grups de risc per adoptar mesures preventives (vacunació) i tractament antiviral precoç.Introducción: el Plan de información de las infecciones respiratorias agudas en Cataluña (PIDIRAC) incorporó la vigilancia de casos graves hospitalizados confirmados de gripe (CGHCG) el año 2009. El objetivo del estudio es describir las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y virológicas de los CGHCG registrados en 12 hospitales de la red centinela durante cinco temporadas gripales. Método: la muestra consta de los CGHCG registrados durante las temporadas que van de 2010-2011 a 2014-2015. La técnica de confirmación utilizada ha sido la PCR y/o el aislamiento viral en cultivo celular a partir de muestra respiratoria. Resultados: se registraron 1.400 CGHCG, de los cuales un 33% requirieron ingreso a la UCI y un 12% fueron exitus. La media de edad de los casos fue de 55,2 años (DE: 26,7 años), con un rango de 0-101 años. Un 70,8% no estaban vacunados; un 87% recibieron tratamiento antiviral, en el 80,4% y el 24% de los casos antes de 48 horas de ingreso y de inicio de síntomas, respectivamente. En el 87,7% de los casos se identificó virus de la gripe A (37,9% A(H1N1)pdm09 y 29,3% A(H3N2)). Conclusiones: la vigilancia de CGHCG proporciona una estimación de la gravedad de las epidemias estacionales de gripe y permite identificar y caracterizar grupos de riesgo para adoptar medidas preventivas (vacunación) y tratamiento antiviral precoz.Introduction: the Information Plan for Acute Respiratory Infections in Catalonia (PIDIRAC) incorporated the surveillance of severe confirmed influenza hospitalized cases (CGHCG) in 2009. The objective of the study is to portray the clinical, epidemiological and virological features of the CGHCG registered in 12 sentinel hospitals during 5 influenza seasons. Method: the sample consists of the CGHCG registered during 2010-2011 to 2014-2015 influenza seasons. The confirmation technique used was PCR and/or viral isolation in cell culture from respiratory sample. Results: 1400 CGHCG were registered, of which 33% required admission to ICU and 12% were exitus. The mean age of cases was 55.2 years (SD: 26.7 years), range of 0-101 years. 70.8% were not vaccinated; 87% received antiviral treatment, in 80.4% and 24% of the cases before 48 hours of admission and of beginning of symptoms, respectively. 87,7% of the cases identified influenza virus A (37,9% AH1N1pdm09, 29,3% AH3N2). Conclusions: surveillance of CGHCG provides an estimation of the severity of seasonal influenza epidemics allows to identify and characterize at-risk groups to adopt preventive measures (vaccination) and early antiviral treatment

Libro: Las Ciencias Políticas y Sociales ante Contingencias de Amplio Impacto. Incógnitas y Propuestas

Ciencia Política, Administración Pública, Política y Gobierno, y Políticas Públicas. Licencia Creative Commons License 3.0 Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Obras Derivadas. Usted es libre de copiar, distribuir y comunicar públicamente la obra bajo las condiciones siguientes: Reconocimiento - Debe reconocer los créditos de la obra de la manera especificada por el autor o el licenciador (pero no de una manera que sugiera que tiene su apoyo o apoyan el uso que hace de su obra). No comercial - No puede utilizar esta obra para fines comerciales. Sin obras derivadas - No se puede alterar, transformar o generar una obra derivada a partir de esta obra.Se analizan desde una perspectiva internacional a interdisciplinaria las vertientes, problemas, incógnitas y propuestas ante una nueva realidad o normalidad, resultado y consecuencia de la pandemia que se vive de manera contemporánea, de tal manera que la problematización abordada realimente propuestas, acciones y rutas adecuadas y satisfactorias que permitan la construcción de futuros promisorios.Academia Internacional de Ciencias Político-Administrativas y Estudios de Futuro, A.C. (IAPAS por sus siglas en inglés)

Innovaciones y mejoras en el proyecto tutoría entre compañeros. Curso 2015-2016

Memoria ID-0137. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2015-2016