Tabac, alcool, drogues : la prévention au lycée

http://www.editions-harmattan.fr/index.asp?navig=catalogue&obj=livre&no=30921Tabac, alcool, drogues : que fait le système éducatif français ? A l'instar de nos voisins européens, la prévention des addictions auprès des jeunes est en effet l'une des principales priorités de santé publique dans notre pays. Pour autant, il reste difficile d'identifier ce qu'est le rôle du système éducatif dans ce domaine. Cet ouvrage vise à faire le point sur la question de la prévention des addictions à partir d'un travail de terrain réalisé dans dix-huit lycées et à partir d'outils théoriques issus tant des sciences de l'éducation que de la santé publique

(R1510) A Special Case of Rodriguez-Lallena and Ubeda-Flores Copula Based on Ruschendorf Method

Measure of dependence is a particular way of looking at the association between random variables, and one way to capture stochastic dependence is through the use of copula. In this study, a Rushendorf Method was applied to a bivariate function to obtain a copula through the use of a special case of Rodriguez-Lallena and Ubeda-Flores (RLUF) copula. Properties of the RLUF copula such as the density, measures of dependence, and lower and upper tail dependence were studied. In particular, measures of dependence such as Spearman’s rho, Kendall’s tau and Blomqvist’s beta of RLUF copula are given. Moreover, the Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE), Sum-Square Error (SSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Square Error (MSE), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) were used in deriving the best joint distribution between monthly precipitation and temperature in the Philippines from 1974 to 2013. The results showed that considering the monthly precipitation and temperature datas, RLUF copula outperformed the other existing bivariate copulas such as Ali-Mikhail-Haq (AHM), Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern (FGM), and Clayton copulas

On the Distribution of the Product of Inverse Pareto and Exponential Random Variables

This article considers Inverse Pareto and Exponential distributions to create the distribution of the product. The researchers derived its properties, such as; survival functions and hazard functions, and used the model criterion such as Sum Square Error (SSE), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) in estimating the parameters for deriving the best joint distribution between monthly precipitation and temperature in the Philippines from 1974 to 2013. The results showed that considering the monthly precipitation and temperature data, the distribution of the product of Inverse Pareto and Exponential outperformed the other existing distribution of the product

4-aminopyridine toxicity: a case report and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) selectively blocks voltage-gated potassium channels, prolongs the action potential, increases calcium influx, and subsequently, enhances interneuronal and neuromuscular synaptic transmission. This medication has been studied and used in many disease processes hallmarked by poor neuronal transmission in both the central and peripheral nervous systems including: multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injuries (SCI), botulism, Lambert-Eaton syndrome, and myasthenia gravis. It has also been postulated as a potential treatment of verapamil toxicity and reversal agent for anesthesia-induced neuromuscular blockade. To date, there have been limited reports of either intentional or accidental 4-AP toxicity in humans. Both a case of a patient with 4-AP toxicity and review of the literature are discussed, highlighting commonalities observed in overdose. CASE REPORT: A 37-year-old man with progressive MS presented with diaphoresis, delirium, agitation, and choreathetoid movements after a presumed 4-AP overdose. 4-AP concentration at 6 h was 140 ng/mL. With aggressive benzodiazepine administration and intubation, he recovered uneventfully. DISCUSSION: The commonalities associated with 4-AP toxicity conforms to what is known about its mechanism of action combining cholinergic features including diaphoresis, altered mental status, and seizures with dopamine-related movement abnormalities including tremor, choreoathetosis, and dystonia. Management of patients poisoned by 4-AP centers around good supportive care with definitive airway management and controlling CNS hyperexcitability aggressively with gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist agents. Adjunctive use of dopamine antagonists for extrapyramidal effects after sedation is a treatment possibility. As 4-aminopyridine recently received Federal Drug Administration approval for the treatment of ambulation in patients with MS, physicians should be keenly aware of its presentation, mechanism of action, and management in overdose

Les déterminants des pratiques d’éducation à la santé à l’école primaire : essai de catégorisation à partir du point de vue des enseignants

Le système éducatif se voit conférer un nombre croissant de missions au point qu’il est possible de parler, pour les enseignants, d’un contexte de surprescription d’objectifs. Cette variété de missions conduit à une diversification des tâches de l’enseignant. Le développement d’activités éducatives ayant trait à la santé, à la citoyenneté ou au développement durable le conduit à prendre en charge d’autres aspects que celui de la transmission de savoirs et à inscrire son travail dans des dynamiques collectives d’échanges avec une grande variété d’acteurs. Une étude centrée sur la place de l’éducation à la santé dans leurs pratiques professionnelles a été conduite auprès de trente enseignants du premier degré. Les résultats montrent que les facteurs conditionnant la redéfinition de la tâche par les enseignants dans le champ de l’éducation à la santé peuvent être organisés autour de trois pôles : un pôle institutionnel, un pôle individuel et un pôle collectif. L’éducation à la santé est perçue par les enseignants de notre échantillon comme se situant à la marge de leurs pratiques. Il s’agit d’un trait commun à toutes les éducations à…. L’éducation à la santé se singularise par le caractère surdéterminant du pôle individuel du fait de l’ampleur des questions éthiques posées par les pratiques. L’absence de matrice curriculaire bien établie participe à créer un sentiment d’incertitude voire d’incompétence professionnelle

Education, santé et territoires: Un dispositif visant la professionnalisation d’acteurs territoriaux en promotion de la santé

International audienceThe « Education, Health and Territory » programme was designed and closely linked to the issues of field professionals. It aims at professionalizing stakeholders in the educational, social and health sectors, through “in situ” training and support during a three-year period. The intervention draws on an ecosystemic health promotion approach in a defined territorial unit, around four dimensions : leadership, institutional support, intersectorial collaboration aiming at multi-level participation (teaching and non-teaching staff, parents, children, adolescents), professionalization through training and support, open planning.Le dispositif « Education, santé et territoires » est un dispositif dont la conception et l’usage se veulent au plus près des problématiques professionnelles des acteurs de terrain. Il a comme objectif la professionnalisation des acteurs des secteurs éducatif, social et sanitaire en promotion de la santé par la formation et l’accompagnement « in-situ » sur une durée de trois années. L’intervention s’appuie sur une entrée écosystémique de la promotion de la santé à l’échelle territoriale autour de quatre axes : le leadership et le soutien institutionnel, la collaboration intersectorielle visant la participation multi-niveaux (enseignants et non-enseignants, parents, enfants et adolescents), la professionnalisation des acteurs par la formation et l’accompagnement, une planification ouverte

Girl–boy differences in perceptions of health determinants and cancer: a more systemic view of girls as young as 6 years

IntroductionTo model and analyze the differences between girls' and boys' conceptions of the determinants of health and cancer, as expressed and perceived by children and adolescents.MethodA multicentric qualitative study was conducted in five schools (ages 6–11 years), four middle schools (ages 11–15 years), and three high schools (ages 15–18 years). A multi-phase protocol (phase 1 uses the e.Photoexpression© and phase 2 uses the Photonarration) enables children and teenagers to express themselves through photography and storytelling.ResultsA total of 4,174 qualitative productions were produced by 1,068 children, of which 47% were girls and 53% were boys, all in the ages of 6–18 years. From the results of the productions, it can be noticed that children mentioned and were aware of 30 determinants of health and cancer. The three determinants most mentioned were “Consumption of psychotropic drugs”, “Diet”, and “Harmful environment”. Among these 30 determinants, some were mentioned to a greater or lesser extent by girls and boys. These significant gender differences are present for 20 determinants of health and cancer. These differences evolve with age: (1) In elementary school (ages 6–11), girls gave significantly more importance (p < 0.05) to 11 determinants, while boys attached significantly more importance (p < 0.05) to 2 determinants. (2) In middle school (ages 11–16), girls gave significantly (p < 0.05) more importance to 12 determinants, while boys gave significantly (p < 0.05) more importance to one determinant. (3) In high school (ages 15–18 years), girls gave significantly (p < 0.05) more importance to 13 determinants. There was no significant difference (p < 0.05) in favor of boys for high school students. Girls also have a more systemic view of health determinants than boys. The increase in the number of determinants cited by girls is significant (p = 0.017) between the ages of 6–11 and 15–18 years. This gap widens with age (+1.45 determinants) for girls and (+0.68 determinants) for boys between elementary school and high school.ConclusionThe determinants identified as predominantly female or male, as well as age-related specificities, constitute a resource for effective preventive action, as close as possible to the needs and particularities of a population. This mapping of people's conceptions could provide a decision-making aid in defining the strategic orientations of prevention policies

Rap Signaling in Normal Lymphocyte Development and Leukemia Genesis

Although Rap GTPases of the Ras family remained enigmatic for years, extensive studies in this decade have revealed diverse functions of Rap signaling in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, adhesion, and movement. With the use of gene-engineered mice, we have uncovered essential roles of endogenous Rap signaling in normal lymphocyte development of both T- and B-lineage cells. Deregulation of Rap signaling, on the other hand, results in the development of characteristic leukemia in manners highly dependent on the contexts of cell lineages. These results highlight crucial roles of Rap signaling in the physiology and pathology of lymphocyte development

The Toxicology Investigators Consortium Case Registry-the 2016 Experience.

The Toxicology Investigators Consortium (ToxIC) Case Registry was established by the American College of Medical Toxicology in 2010. The Registry contains data from participating sites with the agreement that all bedside medical toxicology consultations will be entered. Currently, 83% of accredited medical toxicology fellowship programs in the USA participate. The Registry continues to grow each year, and as of 31 December 2016, a new milestone was reached, with more than 50,000 cases reported since its inception. The objective of this seventh annual report is to summarize the Registry\u27s 2016 data and activity with its additional 8529 cases. Cases were identified for inclusion in this report by a query of the ToxIC database for any case entered from 1 January to 31 December 2016. Detailed data was collected from these cases and aggregated to provide information which includes the following: demographics (age, gender, race, ethnicity, HIV status), reason for medical toxicology evaluation (intentional pharmaceutical exposure, envenomation, withdrawal from a substance), agent and agent class, clinical signs and symptoms (vital sign abnormalities, organ system dysfunction), treatments and antidotes administered, fatality and life support withdrawal data. Fifty percent of cases involved females, and adults aged 19-65 were the most commonly reported. There were 86 patients (1.0%) with HIV-positive status known. Non-opioid analgesics were the most commonly reported agent class, with acetaminophen the most common agent reported. There were 126 fatalities reported in 2016 (1.5% of cases). Major trends in demographics and exposure characteristics remained similar overall with past years\u27 reports. While treatment interventions were commonly required, fatalities were rare