The diffusion of university spinoffs: Institutional and ecological perspectives

Spinoffs are companies based on university intellectual property established to commercialize university technology to the marketplace. The objective of this study was to examine the reasons for the rapid diffusion of spinoffs in the UK, as well as the potential effects of these companies on university resource acquisition. The study used two broad theoretical perspectives from the sociology of organizations: institutional theory and organizational ecology. It blended elements from other related perspectives such as organizational evolution and social exchange theory. Driven by the need to establish a full database of spinoffs for the first time, quantitative data collection and analysis techniques were predominantly employed. The emerging database comprised of nearly 9 million datapoints capturing the full population of university spinoffs (and their demographics) by all English and Scottish universities over a period of 15 years (1993-2007). Qualitative exploratory data collection methods were also used to supplement the design and structure of the study, including hypothesis formation. In total, 6 in-depth interviews with Technology Transfer Managers were conducted at a representative number of universities across England and Scotland. The study identified the role of certain environmental, institutional factors in shaping the decision by universities to adopt spinoff formation as a standard practice. Such factors were the role of networking, social compliance, industry associations, and media information providers. It also demonstrated that spinoff formation gradually but significantly enhanced university financial resources over time. The study finally discussed the process of coevolution of universities and spinoffs as distinct populations of organizations within the community of academic entrepreneurship. Specifically, the discussion moved towards building a new theory of “reciprocal legitimacy”

Mobile Application Development: developing a finance application with React Native

At the time of its highest growth thus far, the assigner, Now Finance, considered the development of a Mobile Application to be used by their customers for managing their Personal Loans. Their existing Web Portal Application had been suffering from low user adaptation and its complete re-development was being deprioritized over other, more strategic projects. It was decided that the author would be employed to develop a modern mobile application from the ground up. The author took the time to explore the tools to be used for the task at hand and proceeded with designing and developing the application. In this process, the focus was a fast turnaround, customer satisfaction, efficiency, and scalability. The diary method was chosen as the most appropriate. This method is based on the strong research diary tradition and follows the autoethnographic model where the writer applies her/his own experience to better understand the field of phenomena. Due to the nature of the topic, the diary method will play an important role in promoting necessary filed research. The research will be useful for software developers and managers interested in Mobile Application Development and shows some insights into the technical and business aspects of the field. The results prove that a mixture of appropriate tools, detailed requirements and design analysis, and careful implementation can lead to positive outcomes. The road of software development is not always clear and predictable. Sometimes there are big challenges or roadblocks to overcome so it requires resilience. In the mobile world, the barrier of acceptable features has been set higher than ever before and that should be taken into consideration early in the process

The diffusion of University spinoffs : Institutional and ecological perspectives

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

George Pitsakis, DO 2020

Philadelphia DO Class of 2020 portrait.https://digitalcommons.pcom.edu/portraits_2020/1190/thumbnail.jp

L'adoption dans le droit byzantin

Adoption in Byzantine Law. In Byzantine Law (Justinian and Basilica) as well as in practice, a constant presence of the institution of adoption has been noted. In short, it may be said that in Byzantium this institution resembles the form of simple adoption found in Western doctrine, rather than that of full adoption. Specifically Byzantine innovations are extensions of the right to adopt to all childless persons, including women and eunuchs, and the introduction of a religious form of adoption, the practice of which, however, was not widespread prior to the Ottoman domination.Dans le droit byzantin (Justinien et Basiliques) et dans la pratique on relève une présence continuelle de l'adoption. En simplifiant, on pourrait dire que cette institution à Byzance correspond davantage à une adoption simple dans la doctrine occidentale qu'à une adoption plénière. Les innovations proprement byzantines sont l'extension du droit d'adopter à tous ceux qui n'ont pas d'enfants, y compris les femmes et les eunuques, et l'introduction d'une forme religieuse d'adoption même si celle-ci connaît une diffusion restreinte avant la domination ottomane.Pitsakis Constantin. L'adoption dans le droit byzantin . In: Médiévales, n°35, 1998. L'adoption. Droits et pratiques, sous la direction de Didier Lett et Christopher Lucken. pp. 19-32

Parentés en dehors de la parenté : formes de parenté d’origine extra-législative en droit byzantin et post-byzantin

Dans une rencontre sur la parenté qui se veut, en premier lieu, une rencontre entre historiens et ethnologues, comme Margarita Xanthakou l’a bien signalé dès le début de son exposé (et de notre colloque), je me sens assez mal à l’aise : je ne suis ni l’un ni l’autre, bien que j’aie autrefois appartenu à un département malchanceux d’“Histoire et Ethnologie”, le seul département universitaire d’ailleurs qui s’identifie de ce nom précis en Grèce. Je vais donc parler en juriste, tout au plus en h..

Information-based imitation of university commercialization strategies : the role of technology transfer office autonomy, age, and membership into an association

We investigate whether university technology transfer offices, that is, divisions responsible for the commercialization of academic research, imitate their industry peers when designing their commercialization strategy. We borrow from information-based theories of imitation and the literature on academic entrepreneurship to argue that given a technology transfer office’s autonomy to strategize independently from its parent university, information from within and outside the technology transfer office affects its propensity to imitate the commercialization strategy of the “most successful peers,” that is, those with the largest live spinoff portfolio and greatest revenues from spinoffs in the industry. We contend that a technology transfer office’s experience, that is, a function of its age, represents a key internal source of information for the technology transfer office when deciding whether to imitate or not; we also consider the technology transfer office’s embeddedness in a network where the most successful peer is also a member as a key external source of information. From data on 86 British university technology transfer offices and their commercialization strategies between 1993 and 2007 that were drawn from both secondary sources and in-depth interviews with technology transfer office managers, we find that there is a negative relationship between technology transfer offices’ autonomy and their level of imitation of the most successful technology transfer office’s strategy, and that this relationship is moderated by the technology transfer offices’ age and by their membership into an association where the most successful technology transfer office is also a member