The Role of Finance, T.V Advertisements, Electronic & Social Media in the Lifestyle and Purchasing Patterns of Pakistani People

In this descriptive research we quantitatively described the role of television advertisement, electronic and social media and its influence, impact in the lifestyle, purchasing pattern of Pakistanis. We developed the relationships between variables on the basis of theory by our deep study of national level news paper’s articles, past researches. To prove our theory we took public opinion through questionnaire survey and interview techniques. In our interviews with retailers, wholesalers, owner of private media channel, we asked the answer of different questions which relates our study. objectives of this research was to know the reasons of lifestyle changing, scatter mind youth, changing in mood, agitation, rapidness in the behavior of people and the impact of social and electronic media, television advertisement on the society.one of the reason for rapidness in the behavior, mood changing of people is because of the technological advancements and rationally appealing attitude of advertisements. The responsiveness and reactivity of people is being higher, it’s because of fast flourishing media which works on sponsorship whether it’s political or corporation backed. The lifestyle of Pakistanis is depending on electronic and social media, TV advertisements. Which is not only provide information, awareness but also playing role for educating people. People takes information, education at their homes. Their purchasing patterns changes in the response of advertising media. People makes perceptions depending upon the information they gets from television and their social network. Keywords: Lifestyle, Purchasing patterns, Pakistani electronic & social media, Television Advertisement, Role of Financ

Theory of Behavioral Finance and Its Application to Property Market: A Change in Paradigm

It is considered that behavioral finance is basically the extension of behavioral economics. It is specially related to the arena of thinking of investor and his mind towards the stock market. The main objective of this study is to define the emotions based theories which are used to explain the stock market problems and terms. It is also critically analyzed the issues related property for behavioral research and the theory of behavioral finance. After the analysis of this paper we came to know that investors cannot always motivated by emotions, and it is not necessary that the property market will only be sufficient at the weak form efficient. There is a need of deep analysis for the theory of behavioral finance. The two major concepts of behavioral finance are discussed by this paper. First, investor psychology and limit to arbitrage.  Next, the theories related to psychology used in behavioral finance both are reviewed.  The identification of issues related to property market is made possible by the analysis of behavioral finance theories and development. This analysis is useful to understand these theories by using behavioral model. Investor always want to invest in those projects which having greater profit and the minimum chances of loss or risk. So this psychology of investor is also discussed in behavioral finance. It is also considered the feelings and thinking errors which encourage the investors and process of making decisions.    Next the paper will discuss about the human behavior theories which can motivate or demotivate the human’s mind to make any decision. These theories will be discussed later in detail. These are Prospect theory, judgment under uncertainty (overconfidence, fear of regret, Representativeness heuristic, Availability heuristic, Anchoring and judgment). If we discuss about stock price irregularities related to reaction higher than expectations of investor, under reaction, force strategies, steering Behavior, effect of the size of firm and book value or market value ratio effects. The behavioral model is excellent to explain all these anomalies.  Possessions or real estate research is concentrated on the human behavior because they believe that all the decisions are made in the property or real estate markets are always from the perception of human behavior. Similarly investor is also a human so the investment decisions will always made by the person who is interested in doing some investment. He will always focus the market conditions and then he will decide whether he should invest or not. These human behaviors and psychologies having a great effect on the stock prices. As human behavior might have biases about the property valuation field and also about the market information. This will have to discuss in this research paper that how behavioral finance can help the investor to make wise decisions. The behavioral finance paradigm, claims that investment adoptions are not always made on the basis of full rationality but it is necessary to understand the investment market sensations. The behavioral research issues those will be discussed and analyzed in this paper will lead to the path for developing a joined strategy for the investment in property

Impact of Capital Structure on Firm’s Financial Performance: Evidence from Food Sector of Pakistan

The main aim of the study is to find the impact of capital structure on firm’s financial performance in food sector. Firm’s performance is measured by using the five dependent variables which are return on assets, earnings per share, net profit margin, return on equity, and return on capital employed. Four independent variables are taken for quantifying the capital structure like debt equity ratio, debt to total assets ratio, short term debt to total assets ratio and long term debt to total assets ratio. For this study,Quantitative data is gathered from annual reports of 49 firmsin food sector listed at Karachi stock exchange in Pakistan over the six years from 2007-2012. Linear Regression analysis is used to discover the impact of capital structure on financial performance of firms.Results of this study indicate that capital structure has a significant negative impact on firm’s return on equity, net profit margin, return on capital employed and return on assets. It is also concluded that capital structure has insignificant negative impact on firm’s earnings per share. Therefore, it is concluded that capital structure has a significant negative impact on financial performance of firm in food sector of Pakistan. The results of correlation analysis find out that significant negative relationship exist among capital structure and financial performance of firms in food sector of Pakistan. Descriptive statistics analysis is also applied to find the level of capital structure used in food sector of Pakistan and to find the performance of firms. Keywords: Capital Structure, Firm’s Financial Performance, Return on Equity, Return on Assets, Food Sector, Pakista

The Professional Development Of Employees In Banks:A Comparative Study Of Public And Private Banks In Punjab Pakistan

The primary objective of the research was to determine the influence of Professional development of employee’s knowledge, skills and experience by the Training.  A phenomenon widely quoted in HR literature as professional development. To this end, the researcher initially identified twenty elements constituting professional developments of employees of banks in Punjab Pakistan. Subsequently, the magnitude of influence of each constituent elements of professional development in different functional areas of banking operations was analyzed. Co-deductive method of research was followed. The instrument of data collection was a questionnaire comprising many items which measured perception of respondents about the level of different variables ( improvement of quality of research, orientation of new employees, solution of organization problems, preparation of staff for promotion, provision of personal growth of employees, sufficient time of training, adequate schedules of training, effective  contents of training, highly competent trainers and adequate provision of training material) available to them in the training environment. Besides, the questionnaire measured perception about degree of Training in most important areas of banking operations. Sample size of this research consisted of 100 bank officers of 7 banks with 20 branches located in Bahawalpur. Data was collected by personal contacts. All twenty variables showed significant t- results. Additionally the strength of relationship was measured by the help of Mean and standard deviation at 0.05 significance level. The study brought out a number of important findings which necessitated formulation of HR initiatives for bringing about tangible improvement in professional developments at banks that will eventually enhance levels of training. Keywords: Professional development, Trainings of the employees, Transfer of training in workplac

Consumer Attitude towards Counterfeit Products: With Reference to Pakistani Consumers

The main purpose of this research is to develop and test a model that shows the main predictors of consumer’s attitude toward counterfeit products and to help companies to realize the main factors that are influencing consumer attitude towards counterfeit products and build successful anti-piracy policy. Population was all the students of the Bahawalpur District. Sample unit was the students of Islamia University of Bahawalpur as regular or private students. Sample frame was all the students of DMS which are at the level of Bachelor, Master and MS. We have used the convenience and non-probability sampling techniques in this study.  Sample size140 for this study conducted in Bahawalpur district. The main part of the paper is to show that consumer buy counterfeited products are dependent on the attitudes they have toward counterfeit products, which is influenced by price-quality inference, perceived risk, subjective norm, integrity, and personal gratification

Impact of Employee Motivation on Employee Performance

Employee motivation is considered as a force that drives the employees toward attaining specific goals and objectives of the organization. Now days, it is one of the sizzling issue in organizations since every wants to make best use of their financial and human resources. Main purpose of this study is to inquire that what kind of factors influence employ motivation in Pakistan and finding up to which extent motivation affects the employ performance. Data is collected from 160 teachers of Government and private schools by using self-administered questionnaire. Regression analysis is applied to find the effect of employee motivation on employee’s performance involving four variables employee motivation, employee performance, intrinsic rewards and employee perceived training effectiveness. The results of this study show that significant and positive relationship exists between employee motivation and employee performance. It is also concluded that intrinsic rewards has a significant positive relationship with employee performance and employee motivation. This study concludes that employee perceived training effectiveness has a negative relationship with motivation. It is also proved from to their responses, they were provided with the training courses but this training was not implemented by them in their routine teaching as they considered it to be ineffective. They were not satisfied with the training provided to them and this affected their motivation to teach. Keywords: Employee Motivation, Employ Performance, Intrinsic Rewards, Employee Perceived Training Effectiveness

Which Factors Influence the Customers Switching Behavior? (Evidence from the Customers of Banking Sector of Pakistan)

This study investigates which factors influence customer’s switching behavior specifically in banks. Flourishing organizations very well aware about one fact that the road to their success moves with their customers. Those companies who do not value their customers they create chance for their rivals to capture customers. Same instance happen in banking sector.  We developed a questionnaire and used that for data collection survey from 200 customers having their bank accounts in different banks of Pakistan.  Results of the current study expose that number of bank branches, quality of services, profit or interest rates offered by banks to their customers directly impact on the attitude and it drive intention to behave in a particular way of customers. If the profit or interest rate will not be higher than any other bank then this factor will create intention to switch. Same behavior will be establish by customers in the case of low service quality and single bank branch or distant branch from center of city. Study also indicate that banks should concentrate on improving their service quality according to the market demand and for the betterment of customers’ perception, satisfaction and loyalty. Keywords: Switching behavior, service quality, convenience, religious belief, advertisement, profit & interest rat

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

SWOT Analysis of Agriculture Sector of Pakistan

This paper aims to perform SWOT analysis of agriculture sector of Pakistan. Detail study has been carried out by qualitative questionnaires and conducting interviews with people belonging to this profession and living in different regions of Pakistan. It is found that agriculture sector is contributing a lot in GDP of Pakistan and there are many areas in which agriculture sector needs to grow and establish itself as a primary mean of development in Pakistan. By adopting the proposed solutions, agriculture sector can be developed significantly, its imports will decrease and exports will increase. Keywords: SWOT Analysis, Farmers, Agriculture, Pakistan