Treatment of pelvic and acetabular fractures through modified Stoppa port

This study describes the modified Stoppa access port for treating fractures on pelvic anterior region and fractures affecting the acetabulum anterior column. In this access port, a suprapubic cross-sectioned incision is performed on skin, longitudinal opening of the abdominal rectus muscle with lateral displacement of venters, and subperiosteal bone dissection through the medial surface of the hemipelvis addressed, so that implant materials can be placed on that inner surface. This access port, little used in our area, presents advantages over the traditional ports, such as the ilioinguinal and iliofemoral, due to the potential for a smaller surgical wound and soft parts dissection, enabling implants to be placed directly on quadrilateral layer, achieving a stable fixation and reducing the risks of infection and injuries to neurovascular structures. As a result of current literature and of the experience of the authors with the use of that access port, we can conclude that it is a good alternative for accessing those fractures.Este estudo descreve a via de acesso de Stoppa modificada no tratamento das fraturas da região anterior da pelve e das fraturas que acometem a coluna anterior do acetábulo. Nesta via de acesso é realizada uma incisão transversal suprapúbica na pele, abertura longitudinal do músculo reto abdominal com afastamento de seus ventres lateralmente e dissecção óssea subperiosteal pela face medial da hemipelve abordada, sendo que os materiais de implante podem então ser colocados nesta face interna. Esta via de acesso, pouco difundida em nosso meio, apresenta vantagens diante das tradicionais ilioinguinal e iliofemoral, pois é realizada menor incisão cirúrgica e dissecção de partes moles, possibilita a colocação de implantes diretamente na lâmina quadrilátera, obtém uma fixação estável e diminui os riscos de infecção e lesão de estruturas neurovasculares. Diante da literatura atual e da experiência adquirida pelos autores com o uso desta via de acesso, conclui-se que é uma boa alternativa para o acesso a estas fraturas.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de OrtopediaHospital Felício RochoUNIFESP, Depto. de OrtopediaSciEL

Femoral shaft fracture: reproducibility of AO-ASIF and Winquist classifications

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate inter-observer reproducibility of AO / ASIF and Winquist-Hansen classifications for shaft fractures of the femur in adults. METHODS: 50 anterior-posterior and profilelateral radiographs were randomly selected, of adult patients awith diaphyseal fracture of the femur. The radiographs were analyzed by 5 observers-a member of the Brazilian Society of Orthopedic Trauma, a radiologist and 3 residents. To assess the concordance between these classifications, we used the statistical index Kappa (K). RESULTS: In all analyses, we observed a statistically significant correlation coefficient between observers (p <0.05) and according to the criteria of Landis and Koch, they were ranked them as good (values of 0.61 to 0.80) or very good (values above 0.80). CONCLUSION: The AO rating and Winquist present a high rate of concordance between observers for shaft fractures of the femur in adults.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a reprodutibilidade interobservadores das classificações AO/ASIF e de Winquist para as fraturas diafisárias do fêmur no adulto. MÉTODOS: foram selecionadas aleatoriamente 50 radiografias de pacientes adultos portadores de fratura diafisária do fêmur nas incidências em antero-posterior e perfil. As radiografias foram analisadas por 5 observadores, sendo um membro da Sociedade Brasileira de Trauma Ortopédico, um radiologista, um residente do terceiro ano de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, um do segundo e um do primeiro. Para avaliar a concordância interobservadores destas classificações, foi utilizado o índice estatístico Kappa (K). RESULTADOS: Em todas as análises, observou-se um coeficiente de concordância entre observadores estatisticamente significativo (valor p < 0,05) e classificado como bom (valores de 0,61 a 0,80) ou muito bom (valores acima de 0,80), segundo os critérios de Landis e Koch. CONCLUSÃO: As classificações AO e Winquist apresentam alto índice de concordância interobservadores para as fraturas diafisárias do fêmur no adulto.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Hospitais Felício Rocho e da Baleia Departamento do Aparelho LocomotorUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaHospital Felício Rocho Serviço de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Departamento do Aparelho LocomotorUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Failure of fixation of trochanteric femur fractures: Clinical recommendations for avoiding Z-effect and reverse Z-effect type complications

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Z-effect and reverse Z-effect are complications that arise from the surgical treatment of pertrochanteric fractures of the femur with proximal femoral nails (PFN) comprising two interlocking head screws. Such complications are induced by the migration of screws in opposite directions, which may lead to failure of the osteosynthesis.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>The paper describes three cases of pertrochanteric fractures that were treated with PFN with two interlocking screws that evolved to either Z-effect or reverse Z-effect. Literature-based explanations for this phenomenon are provided together with recommendations of how to avoid such complications.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Although intramedullary fixation is an established method of treatment of femoral intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures, the evolution of the procedure may include complications associated with the migration of the interlocking head screws. The occurrence of Z-effect and reverse Z-effect has not been completely elucidated, but the main causes of such complications are probably fracture fixation in varus position, severe medial comminution, inappropriate entry point of the nail and poor bone quality.</p

Recommendations for avoiding knee pain after intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The objective of this study is to analyze the proximal tibiofibular joint in patients with knee pain after treatment of tibial shaft fractures with locked intramedullary nail.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>The proximal tibiofibular joint was analyzed in 30 patients, who reported knee pain after tibial nailing, and standard radiograph and computed tomography were performed to examine the proximal third of the tibia. Twenty patients (68.9%) presented the proximal screw crossing the proximal tibiofibular joint and 13 (44.8%) had already removed the nail and/or screw. Four patients (13.7%) reported complaint of knee pain. However, the screw did not reach the proximal tibiofibular joint. Five patients (17.2%) complained of knee pain although the screw toward the joint did not affect the proximal tibiofibular joint.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>When using nails with oblique proximal lock, surgeons should be careful not to cause injury in the proximal tibiofibular joint, what may be one of the causes of knee pain. Thus, the authors suggest postoperative evaluation performing computed tomography when there is complaint of pain.</p

Radiographic anatomy of the proximal femur: correlation with the occurrence of fractures

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between radiographic parameters of the proximal femur anatomy and fractures. METHODS: Three hundred and five digital x-rays of the pelvis were analyzed in the anteroposterior view. Of these x-rays, twenty-seven showed femoral neck or transtrochanteric fractures. The anatomical parameters analyzed were: femoral neck width (FNW), femoral neck length (FNL), femoral axis length (FAL), cervicodiaphyseal angle (CDA), acetabular tear-drop distance (ATD) and great trochanter-pubic symphysis distance (GTPSD). The analysis was performed by comparing the results of the x-rays with and without proximal femoral fracture, to establish a correlation between them. RESULTS: No differences were found between the anatomical parameters of the groups with and without proximal femoral fracture. CONCLUSION: There was no association between anatomical changes in the proximal femur and greater susceptibility to fractures. Level of evidence IV, Cross-sectional Study.OBJETIVO: Avaliar se existe correlação entre parâmetros radiográficos da anatomia da região proximal do fêmur e a ocorrência de fraturas. MÉTODOS: Trezentas e cinco radiografias digitais da bacia foram analisadas na incidência ântero-posterior. Destas radiografias, vinte e sete apresentavam fratura do colo femoral ou transtrocantérica. Os parâmetros anatômicos analisados foram: Largura do colo femoral (LCF), comprimento do colo femoral (CCF), comprimento do eixo femoral (CEF), ângulo cérvico-diafisário (ACD), distância entre as lágrimas acetabulares (DLA) e a distância grande trocânter- sínfise púbica (DGTSP).Foram analisadas, comparativamente, as radiografias com e sem fratura da região proximal do fêmur, para verificar se existem parâmetros radiográficos que estão associados com maior probabilidade de ocorrência de fratura do colo femoral ou transtrocantérica. RESULTADOS: Não foi encontrada diferença entre os parâmetros anatômicos dos grupos com e sem fratura na região proximal do fêmur. CONCLUSÃO: Não foi encontrada nenhuma associação entre alterações anatômicas na região proximal do fêmur e maior susceptibilidade à ocorrência de fraturas. Nível de evidência IV, Estudo Transversal.Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Bilateral stress fracture of femoral neck in non-athlete – case report

AbstractBilateral stress fracture of femoral neck in healthy young patients is an extremely rare entity, whose diagnostic and treatment represent a major challenge. Patients with history of hip pain, even non-athletes or military recruits, should be analyzed to achieve an early diagnosis and prevent possible complications from the surgical treatment. This report describes a 43-year-old male patient, non-athlete, without previous diseases, who developed bilateral stress fracture of femoral neck without displacement. He had a late diagnosis; bilateral osteosynthesis was made using cannulated screws. Although the diagnosis was delayed in this case, the study highlights the importance of the diagnosis of stress fracture, regardless of the activity level of the patients, for the success of the treatment

Fratura da região distal da clavícula em crianças

ResumoObjetivoAnalisar as fraturas da região distal da clavícula em pacientes pediátricos.MétodosForam observados dez pacientes entre cinco a 11 anos com média de 7,3 anos. Nove pacientes foram tratados conservadoramente e um cirurgicamente. As fraturas foram classificadas segundo a classificação de Nenopoulos.ResultadosTodas as fraturas consolidaram sem complicações. O tratamento conservador foi usado em nove pacientes, três do grupo IIIb; três IIb; dois IIa e um IV. O único paciente tratado cirurgicamente foi uma paciente do gênero feminino de 11 anos com fratura do grupo IV.ConclusãoA indicação do tratamento para as fraturas distais da clavícula em crianças deve ser baseada na idade do paciente e no desvio dos fragmentos.AbstractObjectiveTo analyze fractures of the distal clavicle region in pediatric patients.MethodsTen patients between the ages of five to eleven years (mean of 7.3 years) were observed. Nine patients were treated conservatively and one surgically. All the fractures were classified using the Nenopoulos classification system.ResultsAll the fractures consolidated without complications. Conservative treatment was used for nine patients, of whom three were in group IIIB, three IIb, two IIa and one IV. The only patient who was treated surgically was a female patient of eleven years of age with a group IV fracture.ConclusionThe treatment indication for distal fractures of the clavicle in children should be based on the patient's age and the displacement of the fragments

Relationship of the Pelvic-Trochanteric Index with greater trochanteric pain syndrome

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to correlate a higher Pelvic-Trochanteric Index (PTI) with an increased varus of the femoral neck with greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS). The secondary objective was to check whether the pelvic width changes with age. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted to compare female patients diagnosed with GTPS (case group) with asymptomatic female participants (control group) from March 2011 to June 2017. On an anteroposterior pelvic radiograph, lines were drawn by two radiologists, and the PTI (ratio of the distance between the greater trochanters and distance between the iliac crests) was defined and the femoral neck-shaft angle was measured. RESULTS: Data collected based on radiographs of 182 female patients (cases) and 150 female participants (controls) showed that the mean PTI was 1.09 (SD=0.01) in the case group and 1.07 (SD=0.01) in the control group (p&lt;0.05), regardless of age. The distance between iliac crests increased with age (p&lt;0.05) in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. It was also found that the mean femoral neck-shaft angle was 130.6° (SD=0.59) and progression of the varus angulation occurred with age in both groups, with a significance level of 5%. CONCLUSIONS: The PTI was higher in patients with GTPS. The femoral neck-shaft angle does not differ between individuals with and without GTPS; however, it does decrease with age. The pelvic width tends to increase with aging in symptomatic or asymptomatic individuals; therefore, the increase in the pelvic width and decrease in the femoral neck-shaft angle can be interpreted as normal in aging women, which could alter the biomechanics of the hips and pelvis