Digestibilidad in vitro del alperujo de la comunidad valenciana en ganado vacuno: resultados preliminares

El alperujo es un subproducto reciente en las almazaras tradicionales, por la transformación de los procesos de molturación de 3 fases (aceite, alpechín y orujo) a sistemas de 2 fases (aceite y alperujo), debido a la nueva regulación medioambiental. Presenta una humedad del 65% y hasta un 15% (en materia seca, MS) de aceite. A día de hoy, se producen alrededor de 80.000 toneladas anuales en la Comunidad Valenciana, que son retiradas por orujeras. Su uso directo en la alimentación de la ganadería cercana a la zona de producción es una vía alternativa de aprovechamiento que, además, potencia la economía circular local. El objetivo del trabajo es determinar la digestibilidad in vitro de la MS (DIVMS) del alperujo para ganado bovino. Este trabajo se enmarca en un Proyecto mayor cuyo objetivo es desarrollar un modelo de gestión y aprovechamiento del alperujo en el norte de la Comunidad Valenciana para alimentación de ganado vacuno extensivo

Effect of olive cake in growing pig diets on fecal microbiota fermentation and composition

The intestinal microbiota plays a critical role in the metabolism and health of the host. The present study investigated the impact of two types of olive cake on short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations and the faecal microbiota composition of pigs. A total of 30 pigs (Landrace x Large white) with an initial body weight (BW) of 47.9±4.21 kg were divided into three groups according to the feed they received: control feed (C), feed with 200g/kg of partially defatted olive cake (PDOC) or feed with 200g/ kg of cyclone olive cake (COC). Faecal samples were collected from each animal after 3 weeks of the feeding trial

Protein and amino acids digestibility of two black soldier fly larvae meal forms in broilers

A trial was conducted to evaluate the protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) digestibility of two types dehydrated Black Soldier fly (i.e. Hermetia illucens) larvae meal: a defatted meal (DF) and a full fat meal (FF) in broilers. These insects were all fed with agri-food by-products. A total of 140 male broilers of 21 days of age were used. Five experimental feeds were formulated to calculate standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA using the regression method. After 7 days of receiving the experimental diets, animals were slaughtered and the terminal ileum content was collected to determine CP and the individual AA digestibility

Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis Subsp. lactis (BPL1) Supplementation in Children and Adolescents with Prader-Willi Syndrome : A Randomized Crossover Trial

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations, including obesity, hyperphagia, and behavioral problems. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strain BPL1 has been shown to improve central adiposity in adults with simple obesity. To evaluate BPL1's effects in children with PWS, we performed a randomized crossover trial among 39 patients (mean age 10.4 years). Participants were randomized to placebo-BPL1 (n = 19) or BPL1-placebo (n = 20) sequences and underwent a 12-week period with placebo/BPL1 treatments, a 12-week washout period, and a 12-week period with the crossover treatment. Thirty-five subjects completed the study. The main outcome was changes in adiposity, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Secondary outcomes included lipid and glucose metabolism, hyperphagia, and mental health symptoms. Generalized linear modeling was applied to assess differences between treatments. While BPL1 did not modify total fat mass compared to placebo, BPL1 decreased abdominal adiposity in a subgroup of patients older than 4.5 years (n = 28). BPL1 improved fasting insulin concentration and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, we observed modest improvements in some mental health symptoms. A follow-up trial with a longer treatment period is warranted to determine whether BPL1 supplementation can provide a long-term therapeutic approach for children with PWS (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03548480)

Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis Subsp. lactis (BPL1) Supplementation in Children and Adolescents with Prader-Willi Syndrome: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations, including obesity, hyperphagia, and behavioral problems. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strain BPL1 has been shown to improve central adiposity in adults with simple obesity. To evaluate BPL1's effects in children with PWS, we performed a randomized crossover trial among 39 patients (mean age 10.4 years). Participants were randomized to placebo-BPL1 (n = 19) or BPL1-placebo (n = 20) sequences and underwent a 12-week period with placebo/BPL1 treatments, a 12-week washout period, and a 12-week period with the crossover treatment. Thirty-five subjects completed the study. The main outcome was changes in adiposity, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Secondary outcomes included lipid and glucose metabolism, hyperphagia, and mental health symptoms. Generalized linear modeling was applied to assess differences between treatments. While BPL1 did not modify total fat mass compared to placebo, BPL1 decreased abdominal adiposity in a subgroup of patients older than 4.5 years (n = 28). BPL1 improved fasting insulin concentration and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, we observed modest improvements in some mental health symptoms. A follow-up trial with a longer treatment period is warranted to determine whether BPL1 supplementation can provide a long-term therapeutic approach for children with PWS (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03548480)

Evaluating the Potential of Polygenic Risk Score to Improve Colorectal Cancer Screening

Background: Colorectal cancer has high incidence and associ-ated mortality worldwide. Screening programs are recommended for men and women over 50. Intermediate screens such as fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) select patients for colonoscopy with suboptimal sensitivity. Additional biomarkers could improve the current scenario. Methods: We included 2,893 individuals with a positive FIT test. They were classified as cases when a high-risk lesion for colorectal cancer was detected after colonoscopy, whereas the control group comprised individuals with low-risk or no lesions. 65 colorectal cancer risk genetic variants were geno-typed. Polygenic risk score (PRS) and additive models for risk prediction incorporating sex, age, FIT value, and PRS were generated. Results: Risk score was higher in cases compared with controls [per allele OR = 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.06; P = 65), compared with those in the first decile (<= 54; OR = 2.22; 95% CI, 1.59-3.12; P < 0.0001). The model combining sex, age, FIT value, and PRS reached the highest accuracy for identifying patients with a high-risk lesion [cross-validated area under the ROC curve (AUROC): 0.64; 95% CI, 0.62-0.66]. Conclusions: This is the first investigation analyzing PRS in a two-step colorectal cancer screening program. PRS could improve current colorectal cancer screening, most likely for higher at-risk subgroups. However, its capacity is limited to predict colorectal cancer risk status and should be complemented by additional biomarkers.Impact: PRS has capacity for risk stratification of colorectal cancer suggesting its potential for optimizing screening strategies alongside with other biomarkers

Characterization of the clinical and immunologic phenotype and management of 157 individuals with 56 distinct heterozygous NFKB1 mutations

Background: An increasing number of NFKB1 variants are being identified in patients with heterogeneous immunologic phenotypes. Objective: To characterize the clinical and cellular phenotype as well as the management of patients with heterozygous NFKB1 mutations. Methods: In a worldwide collaborative effort, we evaluated 231 individuals harboring 105 distinct heterozygous NFKB1 variants. To provide evidence for pathogenicity, each variant was assessed in silico; in addition, 32 variants were assessed by functional in vitro testing of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells (NF-kappa B) signaling. Results: We classified 56 of the 105 distinct NFKB1 variants in 157 individuals from 68 unrelated families as pathogenic. Incomplete clinical penetrance (70%) and age-dependent severity of NFKB1-related phenotypes were observed. The phenotype included hypogammaglobulinemia (88.9%), reduced switched memory B cells (60.3%), and respiratory (83%) and gastrointestinal (28.6%) infections, thus characterizing the disorder as primary immunodeficiency. However, the high frequency of autoimmunity (57.4%), lymphoproliferation (52.4%), noninfectious enteropathy (23.1%), opportunistic infections (15.7%), autoinflammation (29.6%), and malignancy (16.8%) identified NF-kappa B1-related disease as an inborn error of immunity with immune dysregulation, rather than a mere primary immunodeficiency. Current treatment includes immunoglobulin replacement and immunosuppressive agents. Conclusions: We present a comprehensive clinical overview of the NF-kappa B1-related phenotype, which includes immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, autoinflammation, and cancer. Because of its multisystem involvement, clinicians from each and every medical discipline need to be made aware of this autosomal-dominant disease. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and NF-kappa B1 pathway-targeted therapeutic strategies should be considered in the future.Peer reviewe

Caracterización de aspectos antropológicos como factores predisponentes en el desarrollo de resistencias a los antibióticos

El uso de antibióticos por parte del hombre ha permitido prevenir y tratar infecciones bacterianas en animales, personas y plantas durante muchos años. No obstante, su uso abusivo ha contribuido al desarrollo de resistencias a antibióticos, que podrían significar el fin de la eficacia de estos fármacos. Actualmente las bacterias resistentes a antibióticos son un problema de salud pública global y es urgente actuar para frenar su avance, por lo que conocer cómo estos microorganismos dejan de ser vulnerables frente a los antibióticos y su manera de propagarse es clave para poder abordar el problema. En consecuencia al gran impacto que tienen las resistencias a antibióticos en la actualidad, es esencial que todos los sectores de la sociedad estén informados de cuáles son las herramientas para combatir el problema y, dentro de ellas, cómo el uso prudente de los antibióticos puede evitar el paso de bacterias resistentes de los animales a las personas. En este trabajo, por un lado, se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica de los diferentes mecanismos de selección y transmisión de resistencias bacterianas con el fin de conocer cuál es la situación actual del problema. Por otro lado, con el objetivo de conocer cuál es la visión de la sociedad sobre el uso de antibióticos en animales y personas, así como sus conocimientos sobre las resistencias a antibióticos, se ha realizado una encuesta y se ha distribuido a diferentes sectores de la población en Aragón y la Comunidad Valenciana, a través de la cual se evidencia que existe un cierto desconocimiento sobre esta problemática

Validación de Competencias en Titulaciones Universitarias Usando Minería de Datos

Nowadays the successful acquisition of competences is the base for the achievement of the professional skills and, consequently, the educational methodologies need to be reconsidered. This work describes a methodological procedure proposed to help educational experts to assess if the competences developed in a degree program are really acquired by the student. Due to the huge amount of information, this analysis is addressed through Data Mining techniques. The procedure has been successfully tested in the Computer Engineering and in the Telecommunication Engineering degrees of our institution. The analysis of results allowed experts to identify some non promoted competences