Automated Solid-Phase Based Methodologies for the Synthesis of Glycosylated Biomolecules

Glycosylation is the most common post-translational modification of proteins in living organisms and participates in several processes such as cell adhesion, signal transduction and immune responses. Glycans present on glycoproteins are associated with health and disease conditions and can be used as markers for diagnosis or as therapeutical agents. However, the main limitation that slows down the research on glycosylated biomolecules is the lack of homogeneous isoforms of glycoproteins. Thus, the need to have homogeneous materials has prompted the development of methods for synthesizing glycosylated proteins. This work is aimed to develop strategies and methodologies for synthesizing glycosylated molecules. Two projects were executed to synthesize glycosylated amino acids of Trypanosoma cruzi and variants of the human glycoprotein CD59

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamento de Boyacá.

El desarrollo de la presente actividad se realiza dando cumplimiento al Diplomado de Profundización y Acompañamiento Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia, se desarrolló por medio de un conjunto de experiencias narradas y vivenciadas por actores inmersos en algún tipo de violencia en Colombia, en diferentes contextos y situaciones individuales, familiares y comunitarias, donde muestran afectaciones psicosociales asociadas al conflicto como víctima y la re victimización ante nuevos escenarios; se identificó los diferentes ámbitos abordados en la psicología social ante el conflicto mostrando como por medio de estas experiencias podemos analizar e identificar los elementos subjetivos y emergentes que se sufren a través de las experiencias, estigmatizaciones y vivencias relacionadas con el rol de víctima, se generaron preguntas reflexivas, circulares y estratégicas con el fin de poder visualizar desde el rol psicológico las problemáticas y analizar los factores y el proceso que acompaña una víctima ante una situación de violencia. Se aborda además el análisis bajo la herramienta foto voz, donde bajo premisas y experiencias propias experimentamos y evidenciamos la narrativa expresada por medio de imágenes los conceptos subjetivos y analíticos de la subjetividad del como vemos la violencia y sus patrones en diferentes contextos.The development of the present activity is carried out in compliance with the Diploma of Deepening and Psychosocial Accompaniment in Violence Scenarios, it was developed through a set of experiences narrated and experienced by actors immersed in some type of violence in Colombia, in different contexts and situations individual, family and community, where they show us psychosocial affectations associated with the conflict as a victim and re victimization in new scenarios; We identified the different areas addressed in social psychology in the face of conflict, showing how through these experiences we can analyze and identify the subjective and emerging elements that are experienced through experiences, stigmatizations and experiences related to the role of victim. reflective, circular and strategic questions in order to be able to visualize from the psychological role the problems and analyze the factors and the process that accompanies a victim in a situation of violence. The analysis is also addressed under the photo-voice tool, where under premises and own experiences we experience and evidence the narrative expressed through images, the subjective and analytical concepts of the subjectivity of how we see violence and its patterns in different contexts

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Factors influencing terrestriality in primates of the Americas and Madagascar

Among mammals, the order Primates is exceptional in having a high taxonomic richness in which the taxa are arboreal, semiterrestrial, or terrestrial. Although habitual terrestriality is pervasive among the apes and African and Asian monkeys (catarrhines), it is largely absent among monkeys of the Americas (platyrrhines), as well as galagos, lemurs, and lorises (strepsirrhines), which are mostly arboreal. Numerous ecological drivers and species-specific factors are suggested to set the conditions for an evolutionary shift from arboreality to terrestriality, and current environmental conditions may provide analogous scenarios to those transitional periods. Therefore, we investigated predominantly arboreal, diurnal primate genera from the Americas and Madagascar that lack fully terrestrial taxa, to determine whether ecological drivers (habitat canopy cover, predation risk, maximum temperature, precipitation, primate species richness, human population density, and distance to roads) or species-specific traits (body mass, group size, and degree of frugivory) associate with increased terrestriality. We collated 150,961 observation hours across 2,227 months from 47 species at 20 sites in Madagascar and 48 sites in the Americas. Multiple factors were associated with ground use in these otherwise arboreal species, including increased temperature, a decrease in canopy cover, a dietary shift away from frugivory, and larger group size. These factors mostly explain intraspecific differences in terrestriality. As humanity modifies habitats and causes climate change, our results suggest that species already inhabiting hot, sparsely canopied sites, and exhibiting more generalized diets, are more likely to shift toward greater ground use

Factors influencing terrestriality in primates of the Americas and Madagascar

Among mammals, the order Primates is exceptional in having a high taxonomic richness in which the taxa are arboreal, semiterrestrial, or terrestrial. Although habitual terrestriality is pervasive among the apes and African and Asian monkeys (catarrhines), it is largely absent among monkeys of the Americas (platyrrhines), as well as galagos, lemurs, and lorises (strepsirrhines), which are mostly arboreal. Numerous ecological drivers and species-specific factors are suggested to set the conditions for an evolutionary shift from arboreality to terrestriality, and current environmental conditions may provide analogous scenarios to those transitional periods. Therefore, we investigated predominantly arboreal, diurnal primate genera from the Americas and Madagascar that lack fully terrestrial taxa, to determine whether ecological drivers (habitat canopy cover, predation risk, maximum temperature, precipitation, primate species richness, human population density, and distance to roads) or species-specific traits (body mass, group size, and degree of frugivory) associate with increased terrestriality. We collated 150,961 observation hours across 2,227 months from 47 species at 20 sites in Madagascar and 48 sites in the Americas. Multiple factors were associated with ground use in these otherwise arboreal species, including increased temperature, a decrease in canopy cover, a dietary shift away from frugivory, and larger group size. These factors mostly explain intraspecific differences in terrestriality. As humanity modifies habitats and causes climate change, our results suggest that species already inhabiting hot, sparsely canopied sites, and exhibiting more generalized diets, are more likely to shift toward greater ground use.Open access articleThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]