Contribution of autochthonous maize populations for adaptation to European conditions

Early vigor, earliness and cold tolerance are the main potential contributions of European maize (Zea mays L.) for breeding programs for adaptation to areas with short growing seasons and cold springs. The objective of this research was to determine the potential contributions of populations from different European regions to breeding for adaptation. Six Spanish and six French maize populations differing on variability for earliness, vigor and cold tolerance were crossed in a complete diallel without reciprocals. The populations and their crosses were evaluated in the field and in a cold chamber. Minimum temperatures were the main environmental trait affecting genotype × environment interaction, probably due to the cold sensitivity of the genotypes with the best performance in the field. The best population cross, based on specific heterosis for adaptation-related traits in the field, was Viana × Rastrojero, but this cross was cold sensitive. Tuy × Lazcano should be the best choice for a breeding program for adaptation, based on performance in the field and cold tolerance. As conclusions, there was variability for earliness, vigor and cold tolerance among the populations and crosses involved in this study, being tolerant to cold conditions the populations with medium growing cycle originated in areas with short growing seasons. The highest yielding crosses were cold sensitive.Research supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (Ref. HF1999-0138), the Ministère de l’Education Nationale et de la Recherche, the Committee for Science and Technology of Spain (Project AGL2004-06776), the Autonomous government of Galicia (PGIDIT04RAG403006PR), the Excma. Diputación Provincial de Pontevedra, and the European Union (RESGEN 88 CT96).Peer reviewe

Programa nacional de mejora y conservación de los recursos genéticos de la encina y el alcornoque frente a la seca

Como respuesta a la gravedad de los procesos de decaimiento y mortalidad de la encina y el alcornoque, que amenazan la sostenibilidad de sus masas en la Península Ibérica, en el año 2019 se constituyó el subgrupo de trabajo “Mejora genética y fisiológica”, que forma parte del grupo de trabajo “Seca”, coordinado por el MITECO. Este subgrupo incluye a científicos y técnicos de varias administraciones y numerosos centros de investigación y Universidades y una empresa pública, expertos en mejora genética, fitopatología, ecología, propagación vegetativa, bioquímica y biología molecular. El programa tiene como objetivo la selección de genotipos de Quercus ilex y Q. suber tolerantes al estrés hídrico y a la podredumbre radical provocada por Phytophthora cinnamomi. A partir del estudio de 18 poblaciones y de 194 árboles “escape” seleccionados en focos de seca, se espera seleccionar un material apto para restaurar zonas afectadas por problemas de decaimiento. Se presenta una síntesis de las primeras actividades de caracterización e identificación de árboles escape en focos de seca, ensayos de invernadero para el estudio de la variabilidad poblacional en cuanto a vigor y tolerancia al estrés, recogida de muestras vegetales y edáficas para el análisis genético, molecular y de microbioma, identificación de marcadores moleculares asociados a resiliencia y micropropagación del material de mayor valor potencial

DNA multigene characterization of Fasciola hepatica and Lymnaea neotropica and its fascioliasis transmission capacity in Uruguay, with historical correlation, human report review and infection risk analysis

Fascioliasis is a highly pathogenic zoonotic disease emerging in recent decades, in part due to the effects of climate and global changes. South America is the continent presenting more numerous human fascioliasis endemic areas and the highest Fasciola hepatica infection prevalences and intensities known in humans. These serious public health scenarios appear mainly linked to altitude areas in Andean countries, whereas lowland areas of non-Andean countries, such as Uruguay, only show sporadic human cases or outbreaks. To understand this difference, we characterized F. hepatica from cattle and horses and lymnaeids of Uruguay by sequencing of ribosomal DNA ITS-2 and ITS-1 spacers and mitochondrial DNA cox1, nad1 and 16S genes. Results indicate that vectors belong to Lymnaea neotropica instead of to Lymnaea viator, as always reported from Uruguay. Our correlation of fasciolid and lymnaeid haplotypes with historical data on the introduction and spread of livestock species into Uruguay allow to understand the molecular diversity detected. We study the life cycle and transmission features of F. hepatica by L. neotropica of Uruguay under standardized experimental conditions to enable a comparison with the transmission capacity of F. hepatica by Galba truncatula at very high altitude in Bolivia. Results demonstrate that although L. neotropica is a highly efficient vector in the lowlands, its transmission capacity is markedly lower than that of G. truncatula in the highlands. On this baseline, we review the human fascioliasis cases reported in Uruguay and analyze the present and future risk of human infection in front of future climate change estimations

Proteomic analysis from haploid and diploid embryos of Quercus suber L. identifies qualitative and quantitative differential expression patterns

Quercus suber L. is a Mediterranean forest species with ecological, social and economic value. Clonal propagation of Q. suber elite trees has been successfully obtained from in vitro-derived somatic and gametic embryos. These clonal lines play a main role in breeding and genetic studies of Q. suber. To aid in unravelling diverse genetic and biological unknowns, a proteomic approach is proposed. The proteomic analysis of Q. suber somatic and gametic in vitro culture-derived embryos, based on DIGE and MALDI-MS, has produced for the first time proteomic data on this species. Seventeen differentially expressed proteins have been identified which display significantly altered levels between gametic and somatic embryos. These proteins are involved in a variety of cellular processes, most of which had been neither previously associated with embryo development nor identified in the genus Quercus. Some of these proteins are involved in stress and pollen development and others play a role in the metabolism of tannins and phenylpropanoids, which represent two of the major pathways for the synthesis of cork chemical components. Furthermore, the augmented expression levels found for specific proteins are probably related to the homozygous state of a doubled-haploid sample. Proteins involved in synthesis of cork components can be detected at such early stages of development, showing the potential of the method to be useful in searching for biomarkers related to cork quality. © 2009 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA

Contribution of autochthonous maize populations for adaptation to European conditions

Early vigor, earliness and cold tolerance are the main potential contributions of European maize (Zea mays L.) for breeding programs for adaptation to areas with short growing seasons and cold springs. The objective of this research was to determine the potential contributions of populations from different European regions to breeding for adaptation. Six Spanish and six French maize populations differing on variability for earliness, vigor and cold tolerance were crossed in a complete diallel without reciprocals. The populations and their crosses were evaluated in the field and in a cold chamber. Minimum temperatures were the main environmental trait affecting genotype × environment interaction, probably due to the cold sensitivity of the genotypes with the best performance in the field. The best population cross, based on specific heterosis for adaptation-related traits in the field, was Viana × Rastrojero, but this cross was cold sensitive. Tuy × Lazcano should be the best choice for a breeding program for adaptation, based on performance in the field and cold tolerance. As conclusions, there was variability for earliness, vigor and cold tolerance among the populations and crosses involved in this study, being tolerant to cold conditions the populations with medium growing cycle originated in areas with short growing seasons. The highest yielding crosses were cold sensitive.Research supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (Ref. HF1999-0138), the Ministère de l’Education Nationale et de la Recherche, the Committee for Science and Technology of Spain (Project AGL2004-06776), the Autonomous government of Galicia (PGIDIT04RAG403006PR), the Excma. Diputación Provincial de Pontevedra, and the European Union (RESGEN 88 CT96).Peer reviewe

Patrones heteróticos en poblaciones europeas de maíz

6 Pags.- 1 Fig.- 1 Tabl.[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo es aprovechar la variabilidad entre el maíz (Zea mays L.) europeo para definir nuevos patrones heteróticos adaptados al sudoeste de Europa. Se cruzaron seis poblaciones españolas y seis francesas en un dialelo completo sin recíprocos, según el Análisis II de Gardner y Eberhart El rendimiento medio de las poblaciones y los cruzamientos fue 6,08 Mg ha-1, y la heterosis sobre la media de los padres fue 22%. La población Lazcano produjo los cruzamientos con rendimiento más elevado. Los patrones heteróticos deducidos de cada ambiente fueron Tuy x Rastrojero (Pontevedra), Rastrojero x Millette du Lauragais (Zaragoza), Bade x Millette Montagne Noire (Mauguio), y Tuyx Lazcano (Saint Martin de Hinx). El patrón heterótico general más prometedor fue Lazcano x Millette du Lauragais. El análisis de grupos clasificó las poblaciones en tres grupos: España seca, España húmeda y sur de Francia. Los patrones heteróticos concordaron con los patrones heteróticos España seca x España húmeda y España seca x sur de Francia.[EN] The objective of this work was to capitalize the variability within European maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm to define new heterotic patterns adapted to southwestern Europe. Sx Spanish and six French maize populatons were crossed in a complete diallel without recprocals, analyzed according to the Analysis II of Gardner and Eberhart. Average yield of populations and crosses was 6,08 Mg ha-1, and mid-parent heterosis was 22%. The population Lazcano produced the crosses with highest yield. The heterotic patterns suggested from the different trials were Tuy x Rastrojero (Pontevedra), Rastrojero x Millette du Lauragais (ML) (Zaragoza), Bade x Miflette Montagne Noire (Mauguio), and Tuy x Lazcano (Saint Marbn de Hinx). The most promising general heterotic pattern was Lazcano x ML. The cluster analysis showed three clusters: dry Spain, humid Spain, anci southern France. Heterotic patterns conform to (he combinations dry Spain x humid Spain or dry Spain x south France.Investigación financiada por el Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología español (HF1999-0138), el Ministére de l’Education Nationale et de la Recherche de Francia y la Excma. Diputación Provincial de Pontevedra.Peer reviewe

Angiosarcoma radioinducido de mama: dos casos de una patología infrecuente

El angiosarcoma radioinducido de mama es una patología poco frecuente que se da en pacientes sometidas a radioterapia después de un proceso tumoral maligno tratado con cirugía, ya sea radical con mastectomía o conservadora. Presentamos 2 casos con diferentes características. El primero corresponde a una paciente joven sometida a cirugía conservadora, radioterapia y reconstrucción, y el segundo una paciente de edad avanzada con desarrollo de angiosarcoma sobre lecho de radioterapia preoperatoria y mastectomía. En ambos casos detallamos la actitud quirúrgica llevada a cabo de forma conjunta por los Servicios de Cirugía Plástica y Cirugía General y el tratamiento adyuvante por parte del Servicio de Oncología

Imprints of galaxy evolution on H II regions

International audienc