Parasitismo de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) em diferentes hospedeiros e cores de cartelas

Species of the Trichogramma genus are the most studied and used natural enemies worldwide. The quality and performance of the mass-produced control agents can be influenced by some factors such as the choice of the appropriate host for multiplication of the parasitoid and the use of different colors of cards, given that these parasitoids may use physical stimuli such as color to help in locating the host. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of color cards on the parasitism of Trichogramma pretiosum in eggs of Anagasta kuehniella and in eggs of two populations of Plutella xylostella, one reared on broccoli, the other on collard greens. Hosts' eggs were stuck to the different color cards. The selected colors were blue, yellow, green, pink, red and black. For every treatment, 20 replications were observed, and each was composed by 30 eggs of those hosts. Later the cards were exposed to parasitoid females individually in Eppendorf® tubes of 2.0 mL containing one honey droplet for feeding for 24 hours. The number of parasitized eggs and the emergence percentage were evaluated. The strain Tp-8 of T. pretiosum presented better greater parasitism in A. kuehniella eggs. The feeding substratum of P. xylostella (collard greens and broccoli) did not influence the parasitism of T. pretiosum. Thus for mass rearing of T. pretiosum, blue, green and white color cards are most suitable.Espécies do gênero Trichogramma são dos inimigos naturais os mais estudados e utilizados atualmente no mundo. A qualidade e o desempenho desses agentes de controle produzidos massalmente podem ser influenciados por alguns fatores, tais como a escolha do hospedeiro adequado para multiplicação do parasitoide e a utilização de diferentes cores de cartelas, haja vista que estes parasitoides podem utilizar estímulos físicos como cor para facilitar a localização do hospedeiro. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar à influência de cores de cartelas no parasitismo de Trichogramma pretiosum que foi submetido a ovos do hospedeiro alternativo Anagasta kuehniella e duas populações de Plutella xylostella, sendo uma delas criada no substrato brócolis e a outra em couve. Ovos dos hospedeiros foram aderidos às cartelas de papel cartão, sendo que as cores selecionadas foram: azul, amarela, verde, rosa, vermelha e preta. Para cada tratamento foram observadas 20 repetições, cada uma composta por 30 ovos dos hospedeiros. Posteriormente, as cartelas foram expostas às fêmeas do parasitoide individualizadas em tubos tipo Eppendorf® de 2,0 mL que continha uma gotícula de mel para alimentação delas por 24 horas, em teste de confinamento. Foram avaliados o número de ovos parasitados e a porcentagem de emergência. A linhagem Tp-8 de T. pretiosum apresentou maior parasitismo em ovos de A. kuehniella. Os substratos de alimentação de P. xylostella (couve e brócolis) não influenciam o parasitismo de T. pretiosum. As cores de cartelas indicadas para a condução da criação massal de T. pretiosum são azul, verde e branco.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Laboratorio de Biologia e Criacao de Insetos, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Laboratorio de Biologia e Criacao de Insetos, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazi

Desempenho de Trichogramma pratissolii Querino & Zucchi (Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae) em ovos de Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) sob efeito de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner

Visando estudar o efeito da bactéria entomopatogênica Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) sobre fêmeas adultas de Trichogramma pratissolii e sua progênie, este trabalho foi realizado com diferentes isolados de Bt e Bt kurstaki misturados ao alimento fornecido para o parasitóide antes de parasitar ovos de Anagasta kuehniella. Para tanto, suspensões de seis isolados de Bt E-3, E-10, E-15, E-16, E-19, E-20 e o Bt kurstaki foram misturados em gotícula de mel (1:1), como fonte de alimento e mel puro como testemunha, e, em seguida, foram oferecidos simultaneamente cartelas com ovos do hospedeiro para o parasitismo. Foram utilizadas 20 repetições por tratamento. O experimento foi mantido em câmara climatizada a 25 ? 1masculineC, UR 70 ? 10% e fotofase de 14h. Foram avaliados os parasitismos diários, totais e acumulados; sobrevivência; emergência e razão sexual da progênie. Os tratamentos não afetaram o parasitismo, razão sexual e a longevidade, porém em alguns tratamentos (E-3, E-10, E-16 e E-20) foi observado efeito indireto sobre a emergência da progênie, o que implicaria a necessidade de mais liberações massais do parasitóide para alcançar os resultados esperados. Por outro lado, a aceleração do parasitismo verificada em todos os tratamentos sugere que adultos de T. pratissolii, quando submetidos à pressão de algum fator externo tendem a parasitar o mais rápido possível para assegurar a sobrevivência da progênie. Portanto, a combinação Bt + T. pratissolii pode favorecer a atuação do parasitóide em campo, principalmente em casos em que é necessária uma rápida redução dos níveis populacionais da praga

Geostatistical Interpolation In The Analysis Of Spatial Distribution Of Annual Rainfall And Of Its Relationship To Altitude [interpoladores Geoestatísticos Na Análise Da Distribuição Espacial Da Precipitação Anual E De Sua Relação Com Altitude]

The objective of this work was to quantify the contribution of the auxiliary variable elevation in the estimate of the spatial distribution of annual average rainfall in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The statistic mean square error (MSQR) was used in two observation sets for the mean annual rainfall (1957 to 1997): a full set, with 1,027 observations, and a reduced one, with 445. Areas of rainfall concentration were clearly defined in spatial variability maps that used the full data set, indicating possible microclimates. Ordinary kriging geostatistical interpolation had a performance 82 times more accurate than that of interpolation by the inverse square of the distance when the MSQR was used as a benchmark for the full set. For the reduced set, this magnitude was of two times. The estimation errors obtained by ordinary kriging were lower in the full set, whereas those obtained by ordinary cokriging were lower in the reduced one. This indicates that these interpolators should be used for determining the spatial distribution of annual average rainfall. The use of altitude as an auxiliary variable benefits the ordinary cokriging interpolator and defines more uniform micro regions as to the spatial distribution of annual average rainfall.47912351242Assad, E.D., Marin, F.R., Pinto, H.S., Zullo, J.J., Zoneamento agrícola de riscos climáticos do Brasil: base teórica, pesquisa e desenvolvimento (2008) Informe Agropecuário, 29, pp. 47-60Bergamaschi, H., (1992) Agrometeorologia aplicada à irrigação, p. 125. , Porto Alegre: UFRGSde Brito, L.F., Marques Junior, J., Pereira, G.T., Scala Junior, L.A.N., Spatial variability of soil CO2 emission in different topographic positions (2010) Bragantia, 69, pp. 19-27Cambardella, C.A., Moorman, T.B., Novak, J.M., Parkin, T.B., Karlen, D.L., Turco, R.F., Konopka, A.E., Field-scale variability of soil properties in central Iowa soils (1994) Soil Science Society of America Journal, 58, pp. 1501-1511Carvalho, J.R.P., Assad, E.D., (2002) Comparação de interpoladores espaciais univariados para precipitação pluvial anual no Estado de São Paulo, , Campinas: Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, (Embrapa Informática Agropecuária. Comunicado técnico, 33)Carvalho, J.R.P., Assad, E.D., Análise espacial da precipitação pluviométrica no Estado de São Paulo: comparação de métodos de interpolação (2005) Engenharia Agrícola, 25, pp. 377-384Carvalho, J.R.P., de Queiroz, E.F., (2002) Uso da cokrigagem colocalizada na determinação da distribuição espacial de precipitação, p. 4. , Campinas: Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, (Embrapa Informática Agropecuária. Comunicado técnico, 21)de Carvalho, J.R.P., da Silveira, P.M., Vieira, S.R., Geoestatística na determinação da variabilidade espacial de características químicas do solo sob diferentes preparos (2002) Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 37, pp. 1151-1159de Carvalho, J.R.P., Vieira, S.R., (2004) Validação de modelos geoestatísticos usando teste de Filliben, , aplicação em agroclimatologia. Campinas: Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, (Embrapa Informática Agropecuária. Comunicado técnico, 60)de Carvalho, J.R.P., Vieira, S.R., Greco, C.R., Comparação de métodos para ajuste de modelos de semivariograma da precipitação pluvial anual (2009) Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 13, pp. 443-448Chiba, M.K., Vieira, S.R., González, A.P., Dechen, S.C.F., Clerici, D.E., Maria, I., Alterations and spatial variability of soil fertility in successive years under no tillage system (2010) Bragantia, 69, pp. 29-38Conti, J.B., (1975) Circulação secundária e efeito orográfico na gênese das chuvas na região lesnordeste paulista, p. 82. , Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade de São Paulo, São PauloDi Piazza, A., Lo Conti, F., Loto, L.V., Viola, F., La Loggia, G., Comparative analysis of different techniques for spatial interpolation of rainfall data to create a serially complete monthly time series of precipitation for Sicily Italy (2011) International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 13, pp. 396-408Diodato, N., Ceccarelli, M., Interpolation processes using multivariate geostatistics for mapping of climatological precipitation mean in the Sannio Mountains (southern Italy) (2005) Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 30, pp. 259-268(1999) Surfer plotting software information brochure, p. 619. , GOLDEN SOFTWARE. [S.l.]: Golden SoftwareGoovaerts, P., (1997) Geostatistics for natural resources evaluation, p. 496. , New York: Oxford UniversityIsaaks, E.H., Srivastava, R.M., (1989) Applied geostatistics, p. 561. , Oxford: Oxford UniversityLana, X., Martínez, M.D., Burgueño, A., Serra, C., Martín-Vide, J., Gómez, L., Distributions of long dry spells in the Iberian Peninsula, years 1951-1990 (2006) International Journal of Climatology, 26, pp. 1999-2021Machado, R.L., Ceddia, M.B., de Carvalho, D.F., Cruz da, E.S., Francelino, M.R., Spatial variability of maximum annual daily rain under different return periods at the Rio de Janeiro state Brazil (2010) Bragantia, 69, pp. 77-84Melo, J.J.C.F., Sediyama, G.C., Ferreira, P.A., Leal, B.G., Minusi, R.B., Distribuição espacial da freqüência de chuvas na região hidrográfica do Atlântico Leste de Minas Gerais (2006) Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 10, pp. 417-425Milanesi, M.A., Galvani, E., Efeito orográfico na Ilha de São Sebastião (Ilhabela - SP) (2011) Revista Brasileira de Climatologia, 9, pp. 68-79Paz-Ferreiro, J., Vidal, V.E.V., Vieira, S.R., Geostatistical analysis of a geochemical dataset (2010) Bragantia, 69, pp. 121-129Vieira, S.R., Geoestatística em estudos de variabilidade espacial do solo (2000) Tópicos em ciência do solo, 1, pp. 1-54. , NOVAIS, R.F. deALVAREZ V., V.H.SCHAEFER, C.E.G.R. (Ed.). Viçosa: Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do SoloVieira, S.R., Carvalho, J.R.P., Paz, G.A., Jack knifing for semivariogram validation (2010) Bragantia, 69, pp. 97-105Vieira, S.R., Dechen, S.C.F., Spatial variability studies in São Paulo Brazil along the last twenty five years (2010) Bragantia, 69, pp. 53-66Viola, M.R., de Mello, C.R., Pinto, D.B.F., de Mello, J.M., Ávila, L.F., Métodos de interpolação espacial para o mapeamento da precipitação pluvial (2010) Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 14, pp. 970-97

Oncological Safety Of Autologous Fat Grafting After Breast Conservative Treatment: A Prospective Evaluation

Autologous fat graft to the breast is a useful tool to correct defects after breast conservative treatment (BCT). Although this procedure gains popularity, little is known about the interaction between the fat graft and the prior oncological environment. Evidences of safety of this procedure in healthy breast and after post-mastectomy reconstruction exist. However, there is paucity of data among patients who underwent BCT which are hypothetically under a higher risk of local recurrence (LR). Fifty-nine patients, with prior BCT, underwent 75 autologous fat graft procedures using the Coleman's technique, between October 2005 and July 2008. Follow-up was made by clinical and radiologic examination at least once, after 6 months of the procedure. Mean age was 50 ± 8.5 years, and mean follow-up was 34.4 ± 15.3 months. Mean time from oncological surgery to the first fat grafting procedure was 76.6 ± 30.9 months. Most of patients were at initial stage 0 (11.8%), I (33.8%), or IIA (23.7%). Immediate complication was observed in three cases (4%). Only three cases of true LR (4%) associated with the procedure were observed during the follow-up. Abnormal breast images were present in 20% of the postoperative mammograms, and in 8% of the cases, biopsy was warranted. Autologous fat graft is a safe procedure to correct breast defects after BCT, with low postoperative complications. Although it was not associated with increased risk of LR in the group of patients studied, prospective trials are needed to certify that it does not interfere in patient's oncological prognosis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.202159165Veronesi, U., Cascinelli, N., Mariani, L., Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized study comparing breast-conserving surgery with radical mastectomy for early breast cancer (2002) N Engl J Med, 347, pp. 1227-1232Fisher, B., Anderson, S., Bryant, J., Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing total mastectomy, lumpectomy, and lumpectomy plus irradiation for the treatment of invasive breast cancer (2002) N Engl J Med, 347, pp. 1233-1241Veronesi, U., Saccozzi, R., Del Vecchio, M., Comparing radical mastectomy with quadrantectomy, axillary dissection, and radiotherapy in patients with small cancers of the breast (1981) N Engl J Med, 305, pp. 6-11Fisher, B., Bauer, M., Margolese, R., Five-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing total mastectomy and segmental mastectomy with or without radiation in the treatment of breast cancer (1985) N Engl J Med, 312, pp. 665-673Wang, H.T., Barone, C.M., Steigelman, M.B., Aesthetic outcomes in breast conservation therapy (2008) Aesthet Surg J, 28, pp. 165-170Kotwall, C.A., Covington, D.L., Rutledge, R., Patient, hospital, and surgeon factors associated with breast conservation surgery: A statewide analysis in North Carolina (1996) Ann Surg, 224, pp. 419-429Parviz, M.A., Cassel, J.B., Kaplan, B.J., Breast conservation therapy rates are no different in medically indigent versus insured patients with early stage breast cancer (2004) J Surg Oncol, 84, pp. 57-62Kelemen III, J.J., Poulton, T., Surgical treatment of early-stage breast cancer in the Department of Defense healthcare system (2001) J Am Coll Surg, 192, pp. 293-297McGuire, K.P., Santillan, A.A., Kaur, P., Are mastectomies on the rise? A 13-year trend analysis of the selection of mastectomy versus breast conservation therapy in 5865 patients (2009) Ann Surg Oncol, 16, pp. 2682-2690Bajaj, A.K., Kon, P.S., Oberg, K.C., Miles, D.A.G., Aesthetic outcomes in patients undergoing breast conservation therapy for the treatment of localized breast cancer (2004) Plast Reconstr Surg, 14, pp. 1442-1449Clough, K.B., Thomas, S.S., Fitoussi, A.D., Reconstruction after conservative treatment for breast cancer: Cosmetic sequelae classification revisited (2004) Plast Reconstr Surg, 114, pp. 1743-1753Coleman, S.R., Saboeiro, A.P., Fat grafting to the breast revisited: Safety and efficacy (2007) Plast Reconstr Surg, 119, pp. 775-785Gosset, J., Flageul, G., Toussoun, G., Lipomodelling for correction of breast conservative treatment sequelae. Medicolegal aspects. Expert opinion on five problematic clinical cases (2008) Ann Chir Plast Esthet, 53, pp. 190-198Delay, E., Gosset, J., Toussoun, G., Efficacy of lipomodelling for the management of sequelae of breast cancer conservative treatment (2008) Ann Chir Plast Esthet, 53, pp. 153-168Missana, M.C., Laurent, I., Barreau, L., Autologous fat transfer in reconstructive breast surgery: Indications, technique and results (2007) EJSO, 33, pp. 685-690Gosset, J., Guerin, N., Toussoun, G., Radiological evaluation after lipomodelling for correction of breast conservative treatment sequelae (2008) Ann Chir Plast Esthet, 53, pp. 178-189Amar, O., Bruant-Rodier, C., Lehmann, S., Fat tissue transplant: Restoration of the mammary volume after conservative treatment of breast cancers, clinical and radiological considerations (2008) Ann Chir Plast Esthet, 53, pp. 169-177Gutowski, K.A., Current applications and safety of autologous fat grafts: A report of the ASPS fat graft task force (2009) Plast Reconstr Surg, 124, pp. 272-280. , ASPS Fat Graft Task ForceDelay, E., Sinna, R., Delaporte, T., Patient information before aesthetic lipomodeling (lipoaugmentation): A French plastic surgeon's perspective (2009) Aesthet Surg J, 29, pp. 386-395Schaffler, A., Scholmerich, J., Buechler, C., Mechanisms of disease: Adipokines and breast cancer - Endocrine and paracrine mechanisms that connect adiposity and breast cancer (2007) Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab, 3, pp. 345-354Dieudonne, M.N., MacHinal-Quelin, F., Serazin-Leroy, V., Leptin mediates a proliferative response in human MCF7 breast cancer cells (2002) Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 293, pp. 622-628Dieudonne, M.N., Bussiere, M., Dos Santos, E., Adiponectin mediates antiproliferative and apoptotic responses in human MCF7 breast cancer cells (2006) Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 345, pp. 271-279Iyengar, P., Espina, V., Williams, T.W., Adipocyte-derived collagen VI affects early mammary tumor progression in vivo, demonstrating a critical interaction in the tumor/stroma microenvironment (2005) J Clin Invest, 115, pp. 1163-1176Lohsiriwat, V., Curigliano, G., Rietjens, M., Goldhirsch, A., Petit, J.Y., Autologous fat transplantation in patients with breast cancer: "silencing" or "fueling" cancer recurrence? (2011) Breast, 20, pp. 351-357Delay, E., Garson, S., Tousson, G., Sinna, R., Fat injection to the breast: Technique, results, and indications based on 880 procedures over 10 years (2009) Aesthet Surg J, 29, pp. 360-376Rietjens, M., De Lorenzi, F., Rossetto, F., Safety of fat grafting in secondary breast reconstruction after cancer (2011) J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 64, pp. 477-483Petit, J.Y., Lohsiriwat, V., Clough, K.B., The oncologic outcome and immediate surgical complications of lipofilling in breast cancer patients: A multicenter study-Milan-Paris-Lyon experience of 646 lipofilling procedures (2011) Plast Reconstr Surg, 128, pp. 341-346Rigotti, G., Marchi, A., Sbarbati, A., Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Past, present, and future (2009) Aesthetic Plast Surg, 33, pp. 271-273Elfadl, D., Garimella, V., Mahapatra, T.K., Lipomodelling of the breast: A review (2010) Breast, 19, pp. 202-209Mizuno, H., Hyakusoku, H., Fat grafting to the breast and adipose-derived stem cells: Recent scientific consensus and controversy (2010) Aesthet Surg J, 30, pp. 381-387Claro, Jr.F., Figueiredo, J.C., Zampar, A.G., Pinto-Neto, A.M., Applicability and safety of autologous fat for reconstruction of the breast (2012) Br J Surg, 99, pp. 768-780. , doi: 10.1002/bjs.8722Illouz, Y.G., Sterodimas, A., Autologous fat transplantation to the breast: A personal technique with 25 years of experience (2009) Aesthetic Plast Surg, 33, pp. 706-715Chan, C.W., McCulley, S.J., MacMillan, R.D., Autologous fat transfer-a review of the literature with a focus on breast cancer surgery (2008) J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 61, pp. 1438-1448Rosing, J.H., Wong, G., Wong, M.S., Sahar, D., Stevenson, T.R., Pu, L.L., Autologous fat grafting for primary breast augmentation: A systematic review (2011) Aesthetic Plast Surg, 35, pp. 882-890Pierrefeu-Lagrange, A.C., Delay, E., Guerin, N., Radiological evaluation of breasts reconstructed with lipomodeling (2006) Ann Chir Plast Esthet, 51, pp. 18-28Pulagam, S.R., Poulton, T., Mamounas, E.P., Long-term clinical and radiologic results with autologous fat transplantation for breast augmentation: Case reports and review of the literature (2006) Breast J, 12, pp. 63-65Veber, M., Tourasse, C., Toussoun, G., Moutran, M., Mojallal, A., Delay, E., Radiographic findings after breast augmentation by autologous fat transfer (2011) Plast Reconstr Surg, 127, pp. 1289-1299Carvajal, J., Patiño, J.H., Mammographic findings after breast augmentation with autologous fat injection (2008) Aesthet Surg J, 28, pp. 153-162Rubin, J.P., Coon, D., Zuley, M., Mammographic changes after fat transfer to the breast compared with changes after breast reduction: A blinded study (2012) Plast Reconstr Surg, 129, pp. 1029-1038Chala, L.F., De Barros, N., De Camargo Moraes, P., Fat necrosis of the breast: Mammographic, sonographic, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings (2004) Curr Probl Diagn Radiol, 33, pp. 106-126Fraser, J.K., Hedrick, M.H., Cohen, S.R., Oncologic risks of autologous fat grafting to the breast (2011) Aesthet Surg J, 31, pp. 68-75Yoshimura, K., Sato, K., Aoi, N., Cell-assisted lipotransfer for cosmetic breast augmentation: Supportive use of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (2008) Aesthetic Plast Surg, 32, pp. 48-55Petit, J.Y., Clough, K., Sarfati, I., Lipofilling in breast cancer patients: From surgical technique to oncologic point of view (2010) Plast Reconstr Surg, 126, pp. 262-263Rigotti, G., Marchi, A., Stringhini, P., Determining the oncological risk of autologous lipoaspirate grafting for post-mastectomy breast reconstruction (2010) Aesthetic Plast Surg, 34, pp. 475-480Petit, J.Y., Botteri, E., Lohsiriwat, V., Locoregional recurrence risk after lipofilling in breast cancer patients (2012) Ann Oncol, 23, pp. 582-588Manabe, Y., Toda, S., Miyazaki, K., Sugihara, H., Mature adipocytes, but not preadipocytes, promote the growth of breast carcinoma cells in collagen gel matrix culture through cancer-stromal cell interactions (2003) J Patholol, 201, pp. 221-228Yu, J.M., Jun, E.S., Bae, Y.C., Jung, J.S., Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human adipose tissues favor tumor cell growth in vivo (2008) Stem Cells Dev, 17, pp. 463-473Muehlberg, F.L., Song, Y.H., Krohn, A., Tissue-resident stem cells promote breast cancer growth and metastasis (2009) Carcinogenesis, 30, pp. 589-597Pearl, R.A., Leedham, S.J., Pacifico, M.D., The safety of autologous fat transfer in breast cancer: Lessons from stem cell biology (2012) J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 65, pp. 283-288Olumi, A.F., Grossfeld, G.D., Hayward, S.W., Carroll, P.R., Tlsty, T.D., Cunha, G.R., Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts direct tumor progression of initiated human prostatic epithelium (1999) Cancer Res, 59, pp. 5002-5011Perrot, P., Rousseau, J., Bouffaut, A.L., Safety concern between autologous fat graft, mesenchymal stem cell and osteosarcoma recurrence (2010) PLoS ONE, 5, pp. e10999Sun, B., Roh, K.H., Park, J.R., Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells in a mouse breast cancer metastasis model (2009) Cytotherapy, 11, pp. 289-298. , 1 p following 29

Capacidade de dispersão de Trichogramma em tomateiro estaqueado Dispersion capacity of Trichogramma pretiosum in propped up tomato

Estudou-se a capacidade de dispersão de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley em ovos de Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller), na cultura do tomateiro, em diferentes estágios fenológicos e sistemas de condução das plantas. A dispersão de T. pretiosum, 24 horas após a liberação, foi de 7,37 a 7,94 m. A área de dispersão foi de 120,20 a 138,72 m². O parasitismo foi de 53,1% a 87,3%, e significativo de acordo com o estágio fenológico da cultura. A liberação dos parasitóides para o controle de Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) deve ser feita em 75 pontos por hectare.<br>The dispersion capacity of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley was studied on Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) eggs, in tomato field in different phenological stages and systems of conduction of the plants. The dispersion of T. pretiosum, 24 hours after the liberation, attained 7.37 to 7.94 m. The dispersion area was 120.20 to 138.72 m². Parasitism varies from 53.1% to 87.3% and it is significant according to the phenological stage of the crop. The parasitoids liberation for the control of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) should be done in 75 points per hectare