o quadro normativo português para a construção de fornos de pão na transição da Idade Média Para A Moderna

DL 57/2016/CP1453/CT0026 UIDB/04666/2020 UIDP/04666/2020This article is about the legal norms set forth by the Portuguese authorities to regulate the construction of ovens, particularly, bread ovens. These norms were aimed at preventing their structure causing harm to the neighborhood. The analysis of the aforementioned norms allows us to witness a socio-environmental change that took place during the transition from the Middle Ages to Modern Times in Portugal: the air pollution became part of the public health agenda. Este artículo trata de las normas jurídicas establecidas por las autoridades portuguesas para regular la construcción de hornos, en particular los hornos de pan. Su objetivo era impedir que estas estructuras causasen daños a la vecindad. El análisis de estas normas jurídicas permite presenciar un cambio socio-ambiental ocurrido en Portugal durante la transición de la Edad Media a la Edad Moderna: la polución del aire pasó a formar parte de los problemas de salubridad pública.publishersversionpublishersversionpublishe

Ius commune and ius consuetudinarium in the right to build next to the city wall in medieval Lisbon

UID/HIS/04666/2019 DL 57/2016/CP1453/CT0026Neste estudo aborda-se a eventual receção, imposição e/ou vigência do direito comum sobre o direito consuetudinário de Lisboa relacionado com a atividade construtiva, focando em especial o direito dos particulares edificarem junto ao muro da cidade, durante a Baixa Idade Média. São utilizados como fontes os documentos normativos e os registros da prática jurídica, sobretudo, sentenças.  This study deals with the possible reception, imposition and/or validity of the common law on the Lisbon’s customary law relating to the building activity, focusing in particular on the right of private individuals to build next to the city wall during the Late Middle Ages. The normative documents and records of legal practice, mainly sentences, are used as sources.publishersversionpublishe

A Model of Habitability Within the Milky Way Galaxy

We present a model of the Galactic Habitable Zone (GHZ), described in terms of the spatial and temporal dimensions of the Galaxy that may favour the development of complex life. The Milky Way galaxy is modelled using a computational approach by populating stars and their planetary systems on an individual basis using Monte-Carlo methods. We begin with well-established properties of the disk of the Milky Way, such as the stellar number density distribution, the initial mass function, the star formation history, and the metallicity gradient as a function of radial position and time. We vary some of these properties, creating four models to test the sensitivity of our assumptions. To assess habitability on the Galactic scale, we model supernova rates, planet formation, and the time required for complex life to evolve. Our study improves on other literature on the GHZ by populating stars on an individual basis and by modelling SNII and SNIa sterilizations by selecting their progenitors from within this preexisting stellar population. Furthermore, we consider habitability on tidally locked and non-tidally locked planets separately, and study habitability as a function of height above and below the Galactic midplane. In the model that most accurately reproduces the properties of the Galaxy, the results indicate that an individual SNIa is ~5.6 \times more lethal than an individual SNII on average. In addition, we predict that ~1.2% of all stars host a planet that may have been capable of supporting complex life at some point in the history of the Galaxy. Of those stars with a habitable planet, ~75% of planets are predicted to be in a tidally locked configuration with their host star. The majority of these planets that may support complex life are found towards the inner Galaxy, distributed within, and significantly above and below, the Galactic midplane.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrobiology. 40 pages, 12 figures, 3 table

A familial partial AZFb-c microdeletion associated with diferente fértile phenotypes

After the Klinefelter syndrome, Y chromosome microdeletions are the second most frequent genetic cause of spermatogenic failure resulting in male infertility. Y chromosome microdeletions, encompassing one or more of the three AZF regions, are associated with diverse testicular histology, ranging from Sertoli-cell-only syndrome (AZFa del), maturation arrest (AZFb del) to hypospermatogenesis (AZFc del). The molecular screening of these regions is routinely performed in the work-up of infertile patients with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia as each one has different prognostic values, both in terms of clinical decision-making and appropriate genetic counselling as well as for understanding the etiology of spermatogenesis impairment. Different partial AZFc deletions were already described, although it is still controversial if these are truly a genetic risk factor for spermatogenesis impairment or a deletional variant without phenotypic consequences. Here we present the molecular results obtained after AZF analysis of two infertile brothers (both diagnosed with oligoteratoastenozoospermia), and of their fertile father. Several multiplex-PCR assays were performed with distinct sets of STS markers, specific for the three AZF regions. The molecular analysis revealed that all three men presented the same partial AZFb/c microdeletion, namely the absence of the sY1197, sY1291 and sY1192 STSs. This microdeletion probably results from the recombination of amplicons b1/b3, reducing the gene copy number of PRY, BPY, DAZ, and RBMY. The b1/b3 deletion is rare and its influence on spermatogenesis is still not clear since it can be found in men with severe oligozoospermia or with normal sperm counts. Our result suggests that b1/b3 del is most likely a risk factor predisposing to spermatogenic failure, but is not sufficient alone. The different (in)fertile phenotypes associated with it, a fertile father opposed to his two infertile sons, can be possibly influenced by genetic background, environmental and epigenetic factors, contributing to different phenotypic expressions of individual/specific genomes

A new structural two-component epoxy adhesive: Strength and fracture characterization

30th International Conference on Flexible Automation and Intelligent Manufacturing (FAIM2021) -15-18 June 2021, Athens, GreeceIn the past decades, adhesive technology has been useful in order to solve numerous issues related with conventional joining techniques (bolting, riveting and welding). Several advantages of adhesive bonding can be pointed out, such as low weight (relevant in the automotive and aeronautical industries), capability to resist to adverse environmental conditions, lower manufacturing costs and possibility to join different materials. To predict crack propagation of an adhesive joint by advanced fracture mechanics-based techniques such as cohesive zone models (CZM) it is not enough to know the traditional mechanical properties, such as Young’s modulus (E), shear modulus (G), tensile strength (σf) and shear strength (τf). Actually, it is also mandatory to estimate the tensile (GIC) and shear fracture energies (GIIC). The purpose of this work is to carry out the mechanical and fracture property characterization of a new structural two-component epoxy adhesive. With this purpose, four tests which were conducted: tensile testing to bulk specimens, shear testing with thick adherend shear tests (TAST), double-cantilever beam (DCB) and end-notched flexure (ENF). With these tests, it was possible to determine the mechanical and fracture properties of the adhesive in tension and shear. Different data reduction methods were evaluated for the fracture properties. The test results agreed with the data provided by the manufacturer and will enable the design of bonded structures with this adhesive.The authors would like to thank Sika® Portugal for supplying the adhesive SikaPower® 1277info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Towards the Adoption of Industry 4.0 Technologies in the Digitalization of Manufacturing Supply Chain

© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives CC BY-NC-ND licence, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/The study used multiple case studies to explore the findings from literature review on adoption of industry 4.0 technologies in manufacturing supply chains. It displays a digitalized supply chain as one of the best options for optimization of manufacturing companies processes and provides insights and some guidance on the industry 4.0 technologies for manufacturing companies to prioritize when starting the digitalization journey; to improve decision making, maximize efficiency and minimize costs. The main objective of the study is to explore various industry 4.0 technologies used in manufacturing supply chains and two propositions were suggested based on the three case companies investigated. The digitalization of manufacturing supply chains has an overall positive impact on how the supply chains operates and improves productivity and growth. It was concluded that industry 4.0 technologies are valuable tools from a managerial perspective, because they provide better process visibility and tracking of requisitions, improved efficiency, optimization of resources, easy to use templates, improved access to ordering data and reporting, improved decision making, and the supply chains are more autonomous.Peer reviewe

Functional and morphological assessment of a standardized rat sciatic nerve crush injury with a non-serrated clamp

Peripheral nerve researchers frequently use the rat sciatic nerve crush as a model for axonotmesis.Unfortunately, studies from various research groups report results from different crush techniquesand by using a variety of evaluation tools, making comparisons between studies difficult. The pur-pose of this investigation was to determine the sequence of functional and morphologic changes af-ter an acute sciatic nerve crush injury with a non-serrated clamp, giving a final standardized pres-sure of p9 MPa. Functional recovery was evaluated using the sciatic functional index (SFI), theextensor postural thrust (EPT) and the withdrawal reflex latency (WRL), before injury, and thenat weekly intervals until week 8 postoperatively. The rats were also evaluated preoperatively andat weeks 2, 4, and 8 by ankle kinematics, toe out angle (TOA), and gait-stance duration. In addi-tion, the motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and the gastrocnemius-soleus weight parameterswere measured just before euthanasia. Finally, structural, ultrastructural and histomorphometricanalyses were carried out on regenerated nerve fibers. At 8 weeks after the crush injury, a full func-tional recovery was predicted by SFI, EPT, TOA, and gait-stance duration, while all the other pa-rameters were still recovering their original values. On the other hand, only two of the histomor-phometric parameters of regenerated nerve fibers, namely myelin thickness/axon diameter ratio andfiber/axon diameter ratio, returned to normal values while all other parameters were significantlydifferent from normal values. The employment of traditional methods of functional evaluation inconjunction with the modern techniques of computerized analysis of gait and histomorphometricanalysis should thus be recommended for an overall assessment of recovery in the rat sciatic nervecrush model

El Desarrollo de Competencias Docentes Para la Inclusión. Narrativas de Docentes en Formación

La indagación se construye a partir de la recuperación de experiencias narradas por estudiantes que cursaron la Licenciatura en Educación Primaria en la Escuela Normal Rural Mactumactzá (ENRM), derivado del Programa Necesidades Educativas Especiales correspondiente al Plan de Estudios de la Licenciatura en Educación Primaria 1997 (LEP’97)

Thermal instability in ionized plasma

We study magnetothermal instability in the ionized plasmas including the effects of Ohmic, ambipolar and Hall diffusion. Magnetic field in the single fluid approximation does not allow transverse thermal condensations, however, non-ideal effects highly diminish the stabilizing role of the magnetic field in thermally unstable plasmas. Therefore, enhanced growth rate of thermal condensation modes in the presence of the diffusion mechanisms speed up the rate of structure formation.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Scienc