Effects of a home-based exercise program in body composition, abdominal fat and lipid profile in patients with coronary artery disease

Coronary artery disease and aging seems to be associated with a sedentary lifestyle, contributing to increased abdominal fat and consequently metabolic complications. The exercise can break this cycle by stimulating lipolysis and the use of fatty acids. In Europe there is still a lack of cardiac rehabilitation programmes in hospitals, therefore, this study aims to demonstrate the advantages of implementing home-based exercise programmes, as well as, their effects on cardiovascular prevention. This study analyzed the effects of a home-based exercise programme, in patients with coronary artery disease (myocardial infarction for 1 year), in body composition, abdominal fat, lipid profile. An ongoing randomized controlled trial with a sample of 20 participants were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 10) and control groups (n = 10). Intervention group performed a specific exercise programme during 8 weeks, consisting of ten home based exercises taking into account flexibility, muscle endurance and strength as well as cardiovascular endurance. Skinfolds thickness were measure to calculate the percentage of total fat: Skinfolds used were suprailiac, abdominal horizontal and vertical. Body mass index calculation and blood tests for lipidic profile were performed. After eight weeks the intervention group decreased significantly the percentage of total fat (p < 0.05), the suprailiac skinfold (p < 0.05), the abdominal horizontal and vertical skinfold (p < 0.05) when compared with control group. In the intervention group it was observed after 8 weeks a significant decrease in body mass index, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. Home-based exercise programme influenced body composition, abdominal fat and lipid profile. These results highlight the importance of implementing home based exercises that are easy and cheap to implement in cardiac patients, in order to promote health and reduce cardiovascular risk factors

Efeitos da dieta mediterrânica e exercício físico em indivíduos com doença arterial coronária

The association of the Mediterranean diet and exercise appears to have a protective role, reducing cardiovascular risk. This study investigated the effects of education sessions on the Mediterranean diet and an exercise program in modifying eating behaviors, body composition and abdominal fat. An experimental study was performed on 20 subjects with known coronary heart disease randomly assigned to experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. Both groups received education sessions on the Mediterranean diet, but the experimental group also followed an eight-week program of specific exercises. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered to analyze food intake, bioimpedance was used to measure weight, fat mass and lean mass, and waist circumference was measured to calculate waist-to-height ratio. After eight weeks, protein (p<0.05) and cholesterol (p<0.05) intake in the experimental group had decreased significantly compared with the control group. Between the beginning and end of the study, there were significant decreases in the control group in carbohydrate (p<0.05) and saturated fat intake (p<0.05). In both groups the percentage of total fat (p<0.05) and fat mass (p<0.05) was significantly decreased. In the experimental group the waist-to-height ratio was significantly reduced (p<0.05). The Mediterranean diet reduced carbohydrate and saturated fat intake, reflected in reduced fat mass. The association of the exercise program showed additional benefits in reduction of protein and cholesterol intake and abdominal fat.A associação da dieta mediterrânica e de exercício físico parecem apresentar um papel protetor na diminuição do risco cardiovascular. Este estudo pretende verificar os efeitos de sessões de educação fundamentadas na dieta mediterrânica e de um programa de exercícios na modificação de comportamentos alimentares, composição corporal e gordura abdominal. Estudo experimental composto por 20 indivíduos, com doença arterial coronária conhecida, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: experimental (n = 10) e controlo (n = 10). Ambos os grupos foram sujeitos às sessões de educação para a saúde, mas o grupo experimental executou um programa suplementar de exercícios específicos durante oito semanas. Foi utilizado o questionário semiquantitativo de frequência alimentar para análise da ingestão de alimentos, a bioimpedância para medição do peso, massa gorda e massa magra, e o perímetro da cintura para cálculo da razão cintura‐estatura. Após as oito semanas, o grupo experimental ingeriu significativamente menos proteínas (p < 0,05) e colesterol (p < 0,05) em comparação com o grupo controlo. Do momento inicial para o final, verificou‐se apenas no grupo controlo uma diminuição significativa na ingestão de hidratos de carbono (p < 0,05) e de gorduras saturadas (p < 0,05). Ambos os grupos diminuíram significativamente a percentagem de gordura total (p < 0,05) e massa gorda (p < 0,05). O grupo experimental diminuiu significativamente a razão cintura‐estatura (p < 0,05). A dieta mediterrânica reduziu a ingestão alimentar de hidratos de carbono e gorduras saturadas, refletindo‐se na redução da massa gorda. A associação do programa de exercícios demonstrou benefícios acrescidos na diminuição da ingestão de proteínas e de colesterol, assim como na redução da gordura abdominal

Effects of microcurrents and physical exercise on the abdominal fat in patients with coronary artery disease

Introduction Coronary artery disease is associated with decreased levels of physical activity, contributing to increases in abdominal fat and consequently increasing metabolic risk. The innovative use of microcurrents may be an effective method to increase the lipolytic rate of abdominal adipocytes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of utilizing microcurrents in a home-based exercise program in subjects with coronary artery disease to assess changes in total, subcutaneous and visceral abdominal adipose tissue. Methods This controlled trial included 44 subjects with myocardial infarction, randomly divided into Intervention Group 1 (IG1; n = 16), Intervention Group 2 (IG2; n = 12) and Control Group (CG; n = 16). IG1 performed a specific exercise program at home during 8 weeks, and IG2 additionally used microcurrents on the abdominal region before the exercise program. All groups were given health education sessions. Computed tomography was used to evaluate abdominal, subcutaneous and visceral fat, accelerometers to measure habitual physical activity and the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for dietary intake. Results After 8 weeks, IG2 showed a significantly decrease in subcutaneous fat (p ≤ 0.05) when compared to CG. Concerning visceral fat, both intervention groups showed a significant decrease in comparison to the CG (p ≤ 0.05). No significant changes were found between groups on dietary intake and habitual physical activity, except for sedentary activity that decreased significantly for IG2 in comparison with CG (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion This specific home-based exercise program using microcurrent therapy for individuals with coronary artery disease showed improvements in visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat

Effects of microcurrents and physical exercise on the abdominal fat: a randomized controlled trial in patients with coronary artery disease

Coronary artery disease are associated with decreased levels of physical activity, contributing to increases in abdominal fat and consequently the metabolic risk. The use of microcurrents is an innovative and effective method to increase lipolytic rate of abdominal adipocytes. This study aims to investigate the effects of microcurrents with a homebased exercise program on total, subcutaneous and visceral abdominal adipose tissue in subjects with coronary artery disease. This controlled trial included 44 subjects with myocardial infarction, randomly divided into Intervention Group 1 (IG1; n = 16), Intervention Group 2 (IG2; n = 12) and Control Group (CG; n = 16). IG1 performed a specific exercise program at home during 8 weeks, and IG2 additionally used microcurrents on the abdominal region before the exercise program. All groups were subjected to health education sessions. Computed Tomography was used to evaluate abdominal, subcutaneous and visceral fat, accelerometers to measure habitual physical activity and the semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire for dietary intake. After 8 weeks, IG2 showed a significantly decreased in subcutaneous fat (p ≤ 0.05) when compared to CG. Concerning visceral fat, both intervention groups showed a significant decrease in comparison to the CG (p ≤ 0.05). No significant changes were found between groups on dietary intake and habitual physical activity, except for sedentary activity that decreased significantly in IG2 in comparison with CG (p ≤ 0.05). This specific exercise program showed improvements in visceral fat in individuals with coronary artery disease. Microcurrent therapy associated with a home-based exercise program suggested a decreased in subcutaneous abdominal fat

An in vitro dynamic model of catheter-associated urinary tract infections to investigate the role of uncommon bacteria on the Escherichia coli microbial consortium

About 9% of nosocomial infections are attributed to catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Uncommon bacteria (Delftia tusurhatensis) have been isolated in CAUTIs in combination with wellestablished pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli. Nonetheless, the reason why E. coli coexists with other bacteria instead of outcompeting and completely eliminating them are unknown. As such, a flow cell reactor simulating the hydrodynamic conditions found in CAUTIs (shear rate of 15 s-1) was used to characterize the microbial physiology of E. coli and D. tsuruhatensis individually and in consortium, in terms of growth kinetics and substrate uptake. Single-species biofilms showed that up to 48 h the CFU counts significantly increased for both species (p<0.05). After 48 h, both species stabilized with similar CFU values reaching log 6.24 CFU.cm2 for E. coli and log 6.31 CFU.cm2 for D. tsuruhatensis (p>0.05). The assessment of spatial distribution of dual-species biofilms by LNA/2´OMe-FISH revealed that E. coli and D. tsuruhatensis coexist and tend to co-aggregate over time, which implies that bacteria are able to cooperate synergistically. Substrate uptake measurements revealed that in artificial urine medium the bacteria metabolized lactic acid, uric acid (E. coli and D. tsuruhatensis) and citric acid (D. tsuruhatensis). In the consortium, D. tsuruhatensis consumed citric acid more rapidly, presumably leaving more uric acid available in the medium to be used by E. coli. In conclusion, metabolic cooperation between E. coli and uncommon species seems to occur when these species share the same environment, leading to the formation of a stable microbial community

Children as carers: an integrative review

OBJECTIVE: to undertake an integrative literature review on the issue of "Children as carers". This is an emerging topic in the provision of health care, but nevertheless has a low profile in the literature. METHODOLOGY: this study was based in a survey of nine databases of scientific articles, using as descriptor: child, young, caregivers, lay carer and nursing role, as well as the corresponding terms in Portuguese. 21 articles were analyzed. RESULTS: these were organized into six categories - factors which motivate the child to take on the role of caregiver; these children's characteristics; tasks performed; time spent in caring; consequences of providing care and the role of the nurse in partnership with these children and their families. CONCLUSION: the children as carers are a focus of attention relevant to nursing practice, this issue representing an opportunity for investigation in Portuguese-speaking countries, as no article was found on the subject in Portuguese. In addition, with this first study in Portuguese, a work of the creation of a bibliography is begun, allowing an awareness of the issue and the identification of ways to respond to the families involved, in line with their needs.OBJETIVO: realizar una revisión bibliográfica integrativa del tema "Niños como Cuidadores". Se Trata de un tema emergente en la prestación de atenciones de salud, que sin embargo se mantiene poco visible en la literatura. METODOLOGÍA: se basó en una investigación sobre nueve bases de datos de artículos científicos, utilizándose como descriptores: child, young, caregivers, lay carer y nursing role, así como los correspondientes en portugués. Fueron analizados 21 artículos. RESULTADOS: fueron organizados en seis categorías - factores que motivan el niño a asumir el papel de cuidador; características de esos niños; tareas desempeñadas; tiempo pasado a cuidar; consecuencias de la prestación de atenciones y papel del enfermero junto de esos niños y sus familias. CONCLUSIÓN: los niños como cuidadores son un foco de atención relevante para la práctica de enfermería, representando ese tema una oportunidad de averiguación en los países de idioma portugués, ya que no fue encontrado cualquier artículo en portugués sobre el mismo. Además, con éste primer estudio en idioma portugués, se inicia un trabajo de creación bibliográfica que permita la sensibilización para el tema y la identificación de las respuestas a dar a las familias envueltas, de acuerdo con sus necesidades.OBJETIVO: realizar uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa do tema "Crianças como Cuidadoras". Trata-se de tema emergente na prestação de cuidados de saúde que, contudo, se mantém pouco visível na literatura. METODOLOGIA: baseou-se numa pesquisa sobre nove bases de dados de artigos científicos, utilizando-se como descritores: child, young, caregivers, lay carer and nursing role, bem como os correspondentes em português. Foram analisados 21 artigos. RESULTADOS: foram organizados em seis categorias: fatores que motivam a criança a assumir o papel de cuidadora; caraterísticas dessas crianças; tarefas desempenhadas; tempo passado a cuidar; consequências da prestação de cuidados e papel do enfermeiro em relação a essas crianças e suas famílias. CONCLUSÃO: as crianças como cuidadoras são um foco de atenção relevante para a prática de enfermagem, representando esse tema uma oportunidade de investigação nos países de língua portuguesa, já que não foi encontrado qualquer artigo em português sobre o mesmo. Além disso, com este primeiro estudo em língua portuguesa, inicia-se um trabalho de criação bibliográfica que permita a sensibilização para o tema e a identificação das respostas a dar às famílias envolvidas, de acordo com as suas necessidades

CiliarMove: new software for evaluating ciliary beat frequency helps find novel mutations by a Portuguese multidisciplinary team on primary ciliary dyskinesia

This study was supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (PTDC/BEXBID/1411/ 2014 research grant). S.S. Lopes was funded by FCT Investigator IF/00951/2012, by NOVA Medical School and by FCT CEEC-IND 2018. P. Sampaio was funded by the PhD fellowship FCT: SFRH/BD/111611/2015. M. Roxo-Rosa was funded by the UID/Multi/04462/2013-LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007344 grant (iNOVA4Health). C.M. Quintão was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (UID/FIS/04559/2013). S.S. Lopes participates in and acknowledge financial support from the COST Action BEAT-PCD (BM1407). S.S. Lopes received funding from project LysoCil funded by the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation under grant agreement No 811087. Funding information for this article has been deposited with the Crossref Funder Registry.Evaluation of ciliary beat frequency (CBF) performed by high-speed videomicroscopy analysis (HVMA) is one of the techniques required for the correct diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Currently, due to lack of open-source software, this technique is widely performed by visually counting the ciliary beatings per a given time-window. Our aim was to generate open-source, fast and intuitive software for evaluating CBF, validated in Portuguese PCD patients and healthy volunteers. Nasal brushings collected from 17 adult healthy volunteers and 34 PCD-referred subjects were recorded using HVMA. Evaluation of CBF was compared by two different methodologies: the new semi-automated computer software CiliarMove and the manual observation method using slow-motion movies. Clinical history, nasal nitric oxide and transmission electron microscopy were performed for diagnosis of PCD in the patient group. Genetic analysis was performed in a subset (n=8) of suspected PCD patients. The correlation coefficient between the two methods was R-2=0.9895. The interval of CBF values obtained from the healthy control group (n=17) was 6.18-9.17 Hz at 25 degrees C. In the PCD-excluded group (n=16), CBF ranged from 6.84 to 10.93 Hz and in the PCD group (n=18), CBF ranged from 0 to 14.30 Hz. We offer an automated open-source programme named CiliarMove, validated by the manual observation method in a healthy volunteer control group, a PCD-excluded group and a PCD-confirmed group. In our hands, comparisons between CBF intervals alone could discern between healthy and PCD groups in 78% of the cases.publishersversionpublishe

Germinação e vigor de sementes de pitaia (Hylocereus polyhizus) submetidas a diferentes formas de extração / Germination and vigor of pitaia seeds (Hylocereus polyhizus) submitted to different forms of extraction

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a germinação e vigor das sementes de pitaia submetidas a diferentes formas de extração de sementes. Os tratamentos foram: água corrente e peneira, água corrente + areia e peneira, fermentação (polpa + água e 10% de sacarose) por 48 horas, e água + polpa no liquificador na função pulsar. Foi realizado teste de germinação, condutividade elétrica e envelhecimento acelerado. Germinação com 4 amostras composta de 50 sementes com quatro repetições, foram colocadas em caixas gerbox e levadas para BOD com temperatura de 25°C, sendo as contagens realizadas ao sétimo e decimo oitavo dia. A condutividade elétrica foi avaliada em 24,48 e 72 horas. No envelhecimento acelerado foram testadas as temperaturas de 38, 41 e 43°C, em 48 e 72 horas de exposição, após cada tratamento foi montado teste de germinação. Ao final concluiu que os métodos de extração não apresentaram diferença na germinação, quanto a condutividade elétrica foi eficiente a avaliação com 50 sementes em 75 mL de água, e leitura realizada após 24 horas. Para o teste de envelhecimento acelerado pode ser utilizada temperatura de 30°C por até 72 horas de exposição, na temperatura de 41°C não se recomenda o tempo de exposição de 72 horas

Crianças como cuidadoras: revisão integrativa

Objetivo: realizar uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa do tema “Crianças como Cuidadoras”. Tratase de tema emergente na prestação de cuidados de saúde que, contudo, se mantém pouco visível na literatura. Metodologia: baseou-se numa pesquisa sobre nove bases de dados de artigos científicos, utilizando-se como descritores: child, young, caregivers, lay carer and nursing role, bem como os correspondentes em português. Foram analisados 21 artigos. Resultados: foram organizados em seis categorias: fatores que motivam a criança a assumir o papel de cuidadora; caraterísticas dessas crianças; tarefas desempenhadas; tempo passado a cuidar; consequências da prestação de cuidados e papel do enfermeiro em relação a essas crianças e suas famílias. Conclusão: as crianças como cuidadoras são um foco de atenção relevante para a prática de enfermagem, representando esse tema uma oportunidade de investigação nos países de língua portuguesa, já que não foi encontrado qualquer artigo em português sobre o mesmo. Além disso, com este primeiro estudo em língua portuguesa, inicia-se um trabalho de criação bibliográfica que permita a sensibilização para o tema e a identificação das respostas a dar às famílias envolvidas, de acordo com as suas necessidades.Objective: to undertake an integrative literature review on the issue of “Children as carers”. This is an emerging topic in the provision of health care, but nevertheless has a low profile in the literature. Methodology: this study was based in a survey of nine databases of scientific articles, using as descriptor: child, young, caregivers, lay carer and nursing role, as well as the corresponding terms in Portuguese. 21 articles were analyzed. Results: these were organized into six categories - factors which motivate the child to take on the role of caregiver; these children’s characteristics; tasks performed; time spent in caring; consequences of providing care and the role of the nurse in partnership with these children and their families. Conclusion: the children as carers are a focus of attention relevant to nursing practice, this issue representing an opportunity for investigation in Portuguese-speaking countries, as no article was found on the subject in Portuguese. In addition, with this first study in Portuguese, a work of the creation of a bibliography is begun, allowing an awareness of the issueinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Independência funcional e o estado confusional de pessoas sujeitas a programa de reabilitação

Objetivo: conhecer a influência do estado confusional na recuperação da independência funcional do paciente sujeito a reabilitação. Método: estudo descritivo-correlacional, quantitativo e longitudinal, com amostragem não probabilística, de tipologia acidental. Critérios de inclusão: medida de independência funcional ≤90 e pacientes sujeitos a imobilidade. Critérios de exclusão: pacientes portadores de doenças neoplásicas e com uma escala de coma de Glasgow <11. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e as escalas NEECHAM e MIF. Resultados: os dados da amostra (n=40), revelam idade de 76,48 anos, em sua maioria mulheres, casadas, com o primeiro ciclo e em média estiveram sujeitos a 49,60 dias de imobilidade. O estado confusional teve uma melhoria significativa da 1ª avaliação na admissão, na qual 52,2% dos indivíduos apresentavam-se com confusão moderada a severa, para a 2ª avaliação na alta, em que 85% apresentavam-se não confusos. A independência funcional registou uma melhoria de 38,03%. Conclusão: a confusão é um problema neuropsiquiátrico que interfere na atenção e a cognição, nomeadamente na capacidade de percepção. No entanto, mesmo os participantes confusos, quando submetidos a um programa de enfermagem de reabilitação tendem a recuperar a independência funcional.Objective: to know the influence of the confusional state in the recovery of the functional independence of the patient undergoing rehabilitation. Method: descriptivecorrelational, quantitative and cross-sectional study, with non-probabilistic sampling, of accidental typology. Inclusion criteria: measure of functional independence ≤90 and patients subject to immobility. Exclusion criteria: patients with neoplastic diseases and with a Glasgow coma scale <11. For data collection, a sociodemographic questionnaire and the NEECHAM and MIF scales were used. Results: the sample data (n = 40), reveal an age of 76.48 years, mostly women, married, with the elementary school and on average were subject to 49.60 days of immobility. The confusional state had a significant improvement from the 1st assessment on admission, in which 52.2% of the individuals presented with moderate to severe confusion, for the 2nd assessment at discharge, in which 85% were not confused. Functional independence improved by 38.03%. Conclusion: confusion is a neuropsychiatric problem that interferes with attention and cognition, namely the capacity for perception. However, even confused participants, when submitted to a rehabilitation nursing program, tend to regain functional independence.Objetivo: conocer la influencia del estado de confusión en la recuperación de la independencia funcional del paciente sometido a rehabilitación. Método: estudio descriptivo-correlacional, cuantitativo y transversal, con muestreo no probabilístico, de tipología accidental. Criterios de inclusión: medida de independencia funcional ≤90 y pacientes sujetos a inmovilidad. Criterios de exclusión: pacientes con enfermedades neoplásicas y con una escala de coma de Glasgow <11. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y las escalas NEECHAM y MIF. Resultados: los datos de la muestra (n = 40) revelan una edad de 76,48 años, en su mayoría mujeres, casadas, con el primer ciclo y en promedio estuvieron sujetas a 49,60 días de inmovilidad. El estado de confusión tuvo una mejoría significativa desde la primera evaluación (52.5%) al ingreso, donde los individuos presentaron confusión de moderada a severa, para la segunda evaluación, día de alta, en la que el 85% no estaba confundido. La independencia funcional mejoró en 38.03%. Conclusión: La confusión es un problema neuropsiquiátrico que interfiere con la atención y la cognición, es decir, la capacidad de percepción. Sin embargo, incluso los participantes confundidos, cuando se someten a un programa de rehabilitación de enfermería, tienden a recuperar la independencia funcional.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio