302 research outputs found
Behavior of steel building connections subjected to inelastic strain reversals
Inelastic design of steel structures to withstand seismic forces requires a knowledge of the behavior of connections when subjected to cyclically reversed loading. This report contains a description of the design and testing of selected steel beam-to-column connection specimens. The motivations for the choice of connection types and overall geometry of the specimens are discussed, relating them to full-size prototypes used in actual building frames. The characteristics of the test installation are described, including means of loading, type of lateral support provided, etc. The programs of cycling of all tests are presented in terms of the deflection of the tip of the cantilever beam. Typical hysteresis diagrams and failure photographs are also included. The outstanding features of the behavior of several specimens during testing are discussed and compared, and possible explanations given for particular aspects. Finally, the results of all of the tests are summarized, and an attempt made to draw comparisons and conclusions of somewhat broader applicability
Behavior of steel building connections subjected to inelastic strain reversals experimental data
Substructure in clusters containing wide-angle tailed radio galaxies. I. New redshifts
We present new redshifts and positions for 635 galaxies in nine rich clusters
containing Wide-Angle Tailed (WAT) radio galaxies. Combined with existing data,
we now have a sample of 18 WAT-containing clusters with more than 10 redshifts.
This sample contains a substantial portion of the WAT clusters in the VLA 20 cm
survey of Abell clusters, including 75% of WAT clusters in the complete survey
(z0.09. It is a representative sample
which should not contain biases other than selection by radio morphology. We
graphically present the new data using histograms and sky maps. A
semi-automated procedure is used to search for emission lines in the spectra in
order to add and verify galaxy redshifts. We find that the average apparent
fraction of emission line galaxies is about 9% in both the clusters and the
field. We investigate the magnitude completeness of our redshift surveys with
CCD data for a test case, Abell 690. This case indicates that our galaxy target
lists are deeper than the detection limit of a typical MX exposure, and they
are 82% complete down to R=19.0. The importance of the uniformity of the
placement of fibers on targets is posited, and we evaluate this in our
datasets. We find some cases of non-uniformities which may influence dynamical
analyses. A second paper will use this database to look for correlations
between the WAT radio morphology and the cluster's dynamical state.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, 7 tables. To appear in the Astronomical Journa
Orbit-Based Dynamical Models of the Sombrero Galaxy (NGC 4594)
We present axisymmetric, orbit-based models to study the central black hole,
stellar mass-to-light ratio, and dark matter halo of NGC 4594 (M104, the
Sombrero Galaxy). For stellar kinematics, we use published high-resolution
kinematics of the central region taken with the Hubble Space Telescope, newly
obtained Gemini long-slit spectra of the major axis, and integral field
kinematics from the SAURON instrument. At large radii, we use globular cluster
kinematics to trace the mass profile and apply extra leverage to recovering the
dark matter halo parameters. We find a black hole of mass M_{\bullet}=(6.6 +/-
0.4) x 10^8 M_{\odot}, and determine the stellar M/L_I=3.4 +/- 0.05
(uncertainties are the 68% confidence band marginalized over the other
parameters). Our best fit dark matter halo is a cored logarithmic model with
asymptotic circular speed V_c=376 +/- 12 km/s and core radius r_c= 4.7 +/- 0.6
kpc. The fraction of dark to total mass contained within the half-light radius
is 0.52. Taking the bulge and disk components into account in our calculation
of \sigma_e puts NGC 4594 squarely on the M-\sigma relation. We also determine
that NGC 4594 lies directly on the M-L relation.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
M33: A Galaxy with No Supermassive Black Hole
Galaxies that contain bulges appear to contain central black holes whose
masses correlate with the velocity dispersion of the bulge. We show that no
corresponding relationship applies in the pure disk galaxy M33. Three-integral
dynamical models fit Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 photometry and STIS
spectroscopy best if the central black hole mass is zero. The upper limit is
1500 M_sun. This is significantly below the mass expected from the velocity
dispersion of the nucleus and far below any mass predicted from the disk
kinematics. Our results suggest that supermassive black holes are associated
only with galaxy bulges and not with their disks.Comment: 8 pages, AJ accepted, November issu
Not all waits are equal: An investigation of emergency care patient pathway.
Abstract Background: Increasing pressure in the United Kingdom (UK) urgent care system has led to Emergency Departments (EDs) failing to meet the national requirement that 95% of patients are admitted, discharged or transferred within 4-h of arrival. Despite the target being the same for all acute hospitals, individual Trusts organise their services in different ways. The impact of this variation on patient journey time and waiting is unknown. Our study aimed to apply the Lean technique of Value Stream Mapping (VSM) to investigate care processes and delays in patient journeys at four contrasting hospitals. Methods: VSM timing data were collected for patients accessing acute care at four hospitals in South West England. Data were categorised according to waits and activities, which were compared across sites to identify variations in practice from the patient viewpoint. We included Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) to fully interpret our findings; observations and initial findings were considered in a PPI workshop. Results: One hundred eight patients were recruited, comprising 25,432 min of patient time containing 4098 episodes of care or waiting. The median patient journey was 223 min (3 h, 43 min); just within the 4-h target. Although total patient journey times were similar between sites, the stage where the greatest proportion of waiting occurred varied. Reasons for waiting were dominated by waits for beds, investigations or results to be available. From our sample we observed that EDs without a discharge/clinical decision area exhibited a greater proportion of waiting time following an admission or discharge decision. PPI interpretation indicated that patients who experience waits at the beginning of their journey feel more anxious because they are ‘not in the system yet’. Conclusions: The novel application of VSM analysis across different hospitals, coupled with PPI interpretation, provides important insight into the impact of care provision on patient experience. Measures that could reduce patient waiting include automatic notification of test results, and the option of discharge/clinical decision areas for patients awaiting results or departure. To enhance patient experience, good communication with patients and relatives about reasons for waits is essential. Keywords: Health service research, Acute care, Emergency admissions, Patient care, Value stream mapping, Emergency department, Patient public involvemen
Global guidelines for emergency general surgery:systematic review and Delphi prioritization process
The impact of pre‐operative intravenous iron on quality of life after colorectal cancer surgery: outcomes from the intravenous iron in colorectal cancer‐associated anaemia (IVICA) trial
Anaemia is associated with a reduction in quality of life, and is common in patients with colorectal cancer . Werecently reported thefindings of the intravenous iron in colorectal cancer-associated anaemia (IVICA) trialcomparing haemoglobin levels and transfusion requirements following intravenous or oral iron replacement inanaemic colorectal cancer patients undergoing elective surgery. In this follow-up study, we compared theefficacy of intravenous and oral iron at improving quality of life in this patient group. We conducted amulticentre, open-label randomised controlled trial. Anaemic colorectal cancer patients were randomlyallocated at least two weeks pre-operatively, to receive either oral (ferrous sulphate) or intravenous (ferriccarboxymaltose) iron. We assessed haemoglobin and quality of life scores at recruitment, immediately beforesurgery and at outpatient review approximately three months postoperatively, using the Short Form 36,EuroQoL 5-dimension 5-level and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Anaemia questionnaires. Werecruited 116 anaemic patients across seven UK centres (oral iron n=61 (53%), and intravenous iron n=55(47%)). Eleven quality of life components increased by a clinically significant margin in the intravenous irongroup between recruitment and surgery compared with one component for oral iron. Median (IQR [range])visual analogue scores were significantly higher with intravenous iron at a three month outpatient review (oraliron 70, (60–85 [20–95]); intravenous iron 90 (80–90 [50–100]), p=0.001). The Functional Assessment ofCancer Therapy–Anaemia score comprises of subscales related to cancer, fatigue and non-fatigue itemsrelevant to anaemia. Median outpatient scores were higher, and hence favourable, for intravenous iron on theFunctional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Anaemia subscale (oral iron 66 (55–72 [23–80]); intravenous iron 71(66–77 [46–80]); p=0.002), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Anaemia trial outcome index (oral iron108 (90–123 [35–135]); intravenous iron 121 (113–124 [81–135]); p=0.003) and Functional Assessment ofCancer Therapy–Anaemia total score (oral iron 151 (132–170 [69–183]); intravenous iron 168 (160–174 [125–186]); p=0.005). Thesefindings indicate that intravenous iron is more efficacious at improving quality of lifescores than oral iron in anaemic colorectal cancer patients
Youth futures and a masculine development ethos in the regional story of Uttarakhand
Research on the Uttarakhand region, which became a new state in 2000, has focused largely on agrarian livelihoods, religious rituals, development demands, ecological politics and the role of women in regional social movements. This essay discusses another dimension of the regional imaginary—that of a masculine development ethos. Based on ethnographic research and print media sources, this essay focuses on stories, politics, mobilities and imaginations of young men in the years immediately after the achievement of statehood. Despite increased outmigration of youth in search of employment, many young men expressed the dream of maintaining livelihoods in the familiar towns and rural spaces of Uttarakhand, describing their home region as a source of power and agency. In rallies and in print media, young (mostly upper caste) men expressed their disillusionment with the government and the promises of statehood, arguing that their aspirations for development and employment were left unfulfilled. Gendered stories of the region, told in Hindi in rallies and print media, contained references to local places, people and historical events and were produced through local connections and know-how, fostering a regional youth politics. The article argues that Uttarakhand as a region is shaped by the politics of local actors as well as embodied forms of aspiration, affiliation and mobility.IS
- …