Les représentations sociales du numérique éducatif des enseignants de sciences dans le secondaire

Why use digital? Digital is a concept that brings people together, the youngest people we call « digital native » and the less young but what’s on is that its use is common to all: to do research, watch movies or chat with other people. But what about the place of digital at school? For this dissertation, we will therefore focus on digital education and its teaching dimension, that is to say the look that teachers take on digital education. This will lead us to answer the following question: what are the social representations of the digital education by the teachers of Sciences in middle and high school? From the theories of Serge Moscovici’s social representations to free associations tests through questionnaires, we will try to answer this question.Pourquoi utiliser le numérique ? Le numérique est un concept qui réunit les gens, que ce soit les plus jeunes que l’on qualifie de « digital native » ou les moins jeunes. Mais ce qui est sûr c’est que son utilisation est commune à tous : faire des recherches, regarder des films ou échanger avec d’autres personnes. Mais qu'en est-il de la place du numérique à l'école ? Pour ce mémoire, nous allons donc nous intéresser au numérique éducatif et sa dimension enseignante, c’est-à-dire au regard que portent les professeurs sur le numérique éducatif. Ceci nous amènera à répondre à la problématique suivante : quelles sont les représentations sociales du numérique éducatif par les enseignants de Sciences dans le Secondaire ? En passant des théories des représentations sociales de Serge Moscovici aux tests d’associations libres à travers des questionnaires, nous tenterons de répondre à cette problématique

A novel blood brain barrier-permeable IRE1 kinase inhibitor for adjuvant glioblastoma treatment in mice.

Inositol Requiring Enzyme 1 (IRE1) is a bifunctional serine/threonine kinase and endoribonuclease. It is a major mediator of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), which is activated upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Tumor cells experience ER stress due to adverse microenvironmental cues such as hypoxia or nutrient shortage and high metabolic/protein folding demand. To cope with those stresses, cancer cells can rely on IRE1 signaling as an adaptive mechanism. Herein, we report the discovery of novel IRE1 inhibitors identified through the structural exploration of the IRE1 kinase domain. We characterized the candidates in vitro and in cellular models and showed that all molecules inhibit IRE1 signaling and sensitize glioblastoma cells to the standard chemotherapeutic temozolomide (TMZ). We next selected a Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) permeable inhibitor (Z4P) among these molecules and demonstrated its ability to inhibit Glioblastoma (GB) growth and to prevent relapse in vivo when administered together with TMZ. The hit compound disclosed in this study satisfies an unmet need for targeted, non-toxic IRE1 inhibitors and our results support the attractiveness of IRE1 as an adjuvant therapeutic target in GB

A novel IRE1 kinase inhibitor for adjuvant glioblastoma treatment

Summary: Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) is a major mediator of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is activated upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Tumor cells experience ER stress due to adverse microenvironmental cues, a stress overcome by relying on IRE1 signaling as an adaptive mechanism. Herein, we report the discovery of structurally new IRE1 inhibitors identified through the structural exploration of its kinase domain. Characterization in in vitro and in cellular models showed that they inhibit IRE1 signaling and sensitize glioblastoma (GB) cells to the standard chemotherapeutic, temozolomide (TMZ). Finally, we demonstrate that one of these inhibitors, Z4P, permeates the blood–brain barrier (BBB), inhibits GB growth, and prevents relapse in vivo when administered together with TMZ. The hit compound disclosed herein satisfies an unmet need for targeted, non-toxic IRE1 inhibitors and our results support the attractiveness of IRE1 as an adjuvant therapeutic target in GB

Impact of the first wave of COVID-19 epidemy on the surgical management of sigmoid diverticular disease in France: National French retrospective study

International audienceObjective: To analyze the surgical management of sigmoid diverticular disease (SDD) before, during, and after the first containment rules (CR) for the first wave of COVID-19.Methods: From the French Surgical Association multicenter series, this study included all patients operated on between January 2018 and September 2021. Three groups were compared: A (before CR period: 01/01/18-03/16/20), B (CR period: 03/17/20-05/03/20), and C (post CR period: 05/04/20-09/30/21).Results: A total of 1965 patients (A n = 1517, B n = 52, C n = 396) were included. The A group had significantly more previous SDD compared to the two other groups (p = 0.007), especially complicated (p = 0.0004). The rate of peritonitis was significantly higher in the B (46.1%) and C (38.4%) groups compared to the A group (31.7%) (p = 0.034 and p = 0.014). As regards surgical treatment, Hartmann's procedure was more often performed in the B group (44.2%, vs A 25.5% and C 26.8%, p = 0.01). Mortality at 90 days was significantly higher in the B group (9.6%, vs A 4% and C 6.3%, p = 0.034). This difference was also significant between the A and B groups (p = 0.048), as well as between the A and C groups (p = 0.05). There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of postoperative morbidity.Conclusion: This study shows that the management of SDD was impacted by COVID-19 at CR, but also after and until September 2021, both on the initial clinical presentation and on postoperative mortality