Technogenic Layers in Organic Soils as a Result of the Impact of the Soda Industry

This study focused on characterization of salt-affected organic soils with thin surface mineral layers affected by waste of soda industry in the Inowrocław city area, Poland. The obtained results pointed out that the eolian supply of mineral material from waste ponds and locally, its transport by surface runoff can effect formation of layers contained up to 43% of carbonates. In addition, it was shown that these seemingly small transformations in the soil morphology can have a significant impact on functioning of the studied soils in the landscape. In this regard, the most important were deterioration of water properties and reduction of plant growth due to the salinization and sodification. Specific features of the studied soils could be well reflected in the WRB soil name as Eutric Murshic Histosols (Akromineralic, Salic, Sodic, Prototechnic). However, in the Author’s opinion, the introduction of the new qualifier defining the artifact type in the name (i.e. Calcitechnic) would be advisable

The impact of environmental conditions on water salinity in the area of the city of Inowrocław (north-central Poland)

The article presents the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the chemical and physical properties of surface and ground waters in the area of the city of Inowrocław. It has been shown that the properties of the waters were most strongly affected by the specific geological structure (the city is located within the Zechstein salt dome) as well as the long-term influence of a salt mine and soda plant. The composition of most analysed samples was dominated by Ca 2+ , Na + and Cl - ions. In places of heavy industrial activity, some water parameters were several time higher than permissible values according to Polish standards. It is concluded that, due to the threat to the city’s ground drinking water resources and fertile soils, the surface and ground waters in the area in question require permanent monitoring

Soil sequences atlas. 2

TäistekstThis is the second book in the series of Soil Sequence Atlases. The first volume was published in 2014. Main pedogeographic features are presented in the form of sequences to give a comprehensive picture of soils - their genesis and correlations with the environment in typical landscapes of Central Europe from Estonia furthest north, through Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Germany, Czechia, Slovakia and Hungary to the southernmost Slovenia. Soils of natural landscapes - loess and sand (continental dunes) - are presented, as well as those of plains of various origin, karst lands, low mountains, and anthropically modified soils. Each chapter presents soil profiles supplemented by landscape information and basic analytical data. Then, genetic interpretations of soil properties related to soil forming agents are given as schematic catenas. When one factor changes while the others are more or less stable, the soil sequence can be recognised. Depending on the dominant soil-forming factor affecting repeated soil patterns, different types can be distinguished. Chapters are arranged roughly in accordance with the main soil-forming process in sequences, and referring to the WRB key (peat formation, vertic and gleyic process, podzolisation, humus accumulation, clay illuviation), with one small exception - the Technosols have been placed at the end of book. The main objective of this book is to present the diversity of relations between soil and landscape, climate, hydrology and human relations, and to present interpretations reflecting the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (2015) classification with comments on the choice of qualifiers. Sixteen Reference Soil Groups are featured, and represented by 67 soil profiles. The secondary objective is pedological education. One of the aims of soil science education is to explain to students the relations between landscape and soil cover. The patterns of soil units within landscapes are to some extent predictable. The collected data is intended as a useful educational tool in teaching soil science, supporting understanding of the reasons for the variability of soil cover, and also as a WRB classification guideline. The Atlas was developed as part of the EU Erasmus+ FACES project (Freely Accessible Central European Soil). Marcin Šwitoniak, Przemyslaw Charzynsk

The usefulness of soil-agricultural maps to identify classes of soil truncation

Soil erosion led to the severe transformations of the soil cover of young morainic areas of northern Poland. Main alterations are connected with soil truncation on summits and in upper part of slopes, whereas at foot slopes and within depressions colluvial material is accumulated. Information and knowledge about the extent or intensity of erosion are mainly derived from sophisticated geospatial models or laborious field works. To reduce the effort associated with development of studies on erosion the use of easily available cartographic sources is required. The main aim of the paper is an elaboration of key to reinterpret information taken from soil-agricultural maps in the context of determining the degree of pedons truncation. The study is based on a comparison of the properties of soils representing various classes of erosional alterations with the data on existing maps. The correlation between descriptions recorded in the form of cartographic symbols with properties of pedons divided into several classes of vertical texturecontrast soil truncation and results from potential erosion maps was elaborated. The application of developed interpretative principles allows calculating the share of soil truncation classes within investigated area. The five test plots (each - 1 km2) were located along the north slopes of Noteć Middle Valley and Toruń Basin. The proposed interpretation of soil-agricultural maps reveals their significant value in studies on extent and degree of erosional alterations recorded in soil cover

The Influence of Industrial Waste on the Magnetic Properties of Salt-Affected Soils from Two Soda Ash Manufacturing Sites

The aim of this study was to characterize the impact of soda ash manufacturing on the magnetic properties of soils located in the agricultural landscape in north-central Poland. Two study sites were chosen: Mątwy (SM) and Janikowo (SJ). Highly saline soils with halophyte communities were selected in order to develop an understanding of the relationship between salinization of water–soil interface and the potential contamination risk of the environment. Basic chemical and physicochemical properties of topsoil (0–25 cm) and water (surface and groundwater) samples from five locations were characterized. The characteristics of soil contamination were based on the content of selected metals, magnetic properties and salinity indices. Potential routes of contaminant migration (air and water fluxes) were analyzed. High magnetic anomalies of technogenic origin were revealed in the studied soils. A statistically confirmed relationship between high magnetic susceptibility and the content of selected metals (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ba, Pb and Mn) showed the high utility of magnetometric techniques in soil research (diagnosis of soil transformation and contamination during technogenic impact). Three potential factors influencing contaminant migration were revealed: highly saline ground and surface water, eolian transport of fine-grained mineral fractions from waste ponds and atmospheric deposition of coal combustion products

SUITMA 9 "Urbanization: a challenge and an opportunity for soil functions and ecosystem services" - abstract book

Book of extended abstracts from SUITMA 9 conference, Moscow, May 201

How to use soil threats bundles to assess the effects of climate change and land use changes at EU scale

International audienceThe identification and assessment of bundles of both soil-based ecosystem services and soil threats (ST) represent a key point in soil health monitoring, where the definition of reference thresholds constitutes the major challenge. In particular, ST bundles assessment may allow to evaluate the effects of multiple stressors on soil multifunctionality. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of different scenarios, such as climate change and land use changes, on the evolution of ST bundles at European scale. To achieve this objective, we propose the assessment of a ST bundle consisting of soil erosion and soil organic carbon (SOC) losses, drivers of soil degradation, under different future scenarios that consider plausible climate and land use changes. In this work we evaluated the two individuals ST using the following indicators: potential of soil losses by water erosion and SOC losses. The revised universal loss equation (RUSLE) was used to estimate the potential soil losses due to water erosion as RUSLE is able to process large-scale input data. This equation considers 5 factors: cover management factor, support practice factor, slope length factor and slope steepness, soil erodibility factor and rainfall-runoff erosivity factor. To assess SOC losses, a digital soil mapping approach using Quantile Regression Forests (QRF) was used. SOC content data were extracted from current date SoilGrids predictions to project to 2050. To fit the DSM model, SOC content was extracted across a grid of points 100 km apart for calibration of the projection model for SOC, totaling about 40,000 observations. Climate change and land use scenarios projected to the year 2050 were used. For climate change data an average composite of 3 Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the WorldClim dataset of Inter-comparison Model Projects Coupled (CMIP6) into two Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) was used: 126 and 585. Concerning to land use change, we use the projections provided by the LUISA (Land Use-based Integrated Sustainability Assessment) modeling platform. ST bundles were finally assessed using clustering approaches including k-means and model-based algorithms. In this research, we discuss the different steps of the soil threats mapping approach. We present the method of spatial distribution of bundles as a possible solution to indicate the co-occurrence of soil threats that can reduce the cultivated areas decreasing the soil health. The presented approach allows indicating hotspots where soil threats deteriorate soil health influenced by climate and land use changes. Therefore, the proposed approach is one of the solutions that can help achieve the goals of the Green Deal and the Soil Strategy for 205

How to use soil threats bundles to assess the effects of climate change and land use changes at EU scale

International audienceThe identification and assessment of bundles of both soil-based ecosystem services and soil threats (ST) represent a key point in soil health monitoring, where the definition of reference thresholds constitutes the major challenge. In particular, ST bundles assessment may allow to evaluate the effects of multiple stressors on soil multifunctionality. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of different scenarios, such as climate change and land use changes, on the evolution of ST bundles at European scale. To achieve this objective, we propose the assessment of a ST bundle consisting of soil erosion and soil organic carbon (SOC) losses, drivers of soil degradation, under different future scenarios that consider plausible climate and land use changes.In this work we evaluated the two individuals ST using the following indicators: potential of soil losses by water erosion and SOC losses. The revised universal loss equation (RUSLE) was used to estimate the potential soil losses due to water erosion as RUSLE is able to process large-scale input data. This equation considers 5 factors: cover management factor, support practice factor, slope length factor and slope steepness, soil erodibility factor and rainfall-runoff erosivity factor. To assess SOC losses, a digital soil mapping approach using Quantile Regression Forests (QRF) was used. SOC content data were extracted from current date SoilGrids predictions to project to 2050. To fit the DSM model, SOC content was extracted across a grid of points 100 km apart for calibration of the projection model for SOC, totaling about 40,000 observations. Climate change and land use scenarios projected to the year 2050 were used. For climate change data an average composite of 3 Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the WorldClim dataset of Inter-comparison Model Projects Coupled (CMIP6) into two Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) was used: 126 and 585. Concerning to land use change, we use the projections provided by the LUISA (Land Use-based Integrated Sustainability Assessment) modeling platform. ST bundles were finally assessed using clustering approaches including k-means and model-based algorithms. In this research, we discuss the different steps of the soil threats mapping approach. We present the method of spatial distribution of bundles as a possible solution to indicate the co-occurrence of soil threats that can reduce the cultivated areas decreasing the soil health. The presented approach allows indicating hotspots where soil threats deteriorate soil health influenced by climate and land use changes. Therefore, the proposed approach is one of the solutions that can help achieve the goals of the Green Deal and the Soil Strategy for 2050

How to use soil threats bundles to assess the effects of climate change and land use changes at EU scale

International audienceThe identification and assessment of bundles of both soil-based ecosystem services and soil threats (ST) represent a key point in soil health monitoring, where the definition of reference thresholds constitutes the major challenge. In particular, ST bundles assessment may allow to evaluate the effects of multiple stressors on soil multifunctionality. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of different scenarios, such as climate change and land use changes, on the evolution of ST bundles at European scale. To achieve this objective, we propose the assessment of a ST bundle consisting of soil erosion and soil organic carbon (SOC) losses, drivers of soil degradation, under different future scenarios that consider plausible climate and land use changes.In this work we evaluated the two individuals ST using the following indicators: potential of soil losses by water erosion and SOC losses. The revised universal loss equation (RUSLE) was used to estimate the potential soil losses due to water erosion as RUSLE is able to process large-scale input data. This equation considers 5 factors: cover management factor, support practice factor, slope length factor and slope steepness, soil erodibility factor and rainfall-runoff erosivity factor. To assess SOC losses, a digital soil mapping approach using Quantile Regression Forests (QRF) was used. SOC content data were extracted from current date SoilGrids predictions to project to 2050. To fit the DSM model, SOC content was extracted across a grid of points 100 km apart for calibration of the projection model for SOC, totaling about 40,000 observations. Climate change and land use scenarios projected to the year 2050 were used. For climate change data an average composite of 3 Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the WorldClim dataset of Inter-comparison Model Projects Coupled (CMIP6) into two Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) was used: 126 and 585. Concerning to land use change, we use the projections provided by the LUISA (Land Use-based Integrated Sustainability Assessment) modeling platform. ST bundles were finally assessed using clustering approaches including k-means and model-based algorithms. In this research, we discuss the different steps of the soil threats mapping approach. We present the method of spatial distribution of bundles as a possible solution to indicate the co-occurrence of soil threats that can reduce the cultivated areas decreasing the soil health. The presented approach allows indicating hotspots where soil threats deteriorate soil health influenced by climate and land use changes. Therefore, the proposed approach is one of the solutions that can help achieve the goals of the Green Deal and the Soil Strategy for 2050

How to use soil threats bundles to assess the effects of climate change and land use changes at EU scale

International audienceThe identification and assessment of bundles of both soil-based ecosystem services and soil threats (ST) represent a key point in soil health monitoring, where the definition of reference thresholds constitutes the major challenge. In particular, ST bundles assessment may allow to evaluate the effects of multiple stressors on soil multifunctionality. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of different scenarios, such as climate change and land use changes, on the evolution of ST bundles at European scale. To achieve this objective, we propose the assessment of a ST bundle consisting of soil erosion and soil organic carbon (SOC) losses, drivers of soil degradation, under different future scenarios that consider plausible climate and land use changes. In this work we evaluated the two individuals ST using the following indicators: potential of soil losses by water erosion and SOC losses. The revised universal loss equation (RUSLE) was used to estimate the potential soil losses due to water erosion as RUSLE is able to process large-scale input data. This equation considers 5 factors: cover management factor, support practice factor, slope length factor and slope steepness, soil erodibility factor and rainfall-runoff erosivity factor. To assess SOC losses, a digital soil mapping approach using Quantile Regression Forests (QRF) was used. SOC content data were extracted from current date SoilGrids predictions to project to 2050. To fit the DSM model, SOC content was extracted across a grid of points 100 km apart for calibration of the projection model for SOC, totaling about 40,000 observations. Climate change and land use scenarios projected to the year 2050 were used. For climate change data an average composite of 3 Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the WorldClim dataset of Inter-comparison Model Projects Coupled (CMIP6) into two Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) was used: 126 and 585. Concerning to land use change, we use the projections provided by the LUISA (Land Use-based Integrated Sustainability Assessment) modeling platform. ST bundles were finally assessed using clustering approaches including k-means and model-based algorithms. In this research, we discuss the different steps of the soil threats mapping approach. We present the method of spatial distribution of bundles as a possible solution to indicate the co-occurrence of soil threats that can reduce the cultivated areas decreasing the soil health. The presented approach allows indicating hotspots where soil threats deteriorate soil health influenced by climate and land use changes. Therefore, the proposed approach is one of the solutions that can help achieve the goals of the Green Deal and the Soil Strategy for 205