The conservation status of raptors in Chile

We classified 30 species of raptors in Chile using the technique proposed by Reca et al. (1994) and the conservation categories proposed by Grigera and Úbeda (2000). The results were obtained by means of an index that considers 12 variables that represent factors of importance for the survival or the conservation of the species. Eight species (27%) were classified in the category of maximum priority, nine (30%) in the special attention category, and 13 (43%) in the no priority category. Strix rufipes and Buteo exsul were considered with the highest priority of conservation, and together with Accipiter chilensis, Buteo albigula, Buteo ventralis, Phalcoboenus australis, Vultur gryphus, and Phalcoboenus albogularis conform the category of maximum priority conservation. Diurnal raptors (Falconiformes) need a greater conservation priority than nocturnal raptors (Strigiformes). At the family level, Accipitridae had the highest species richness and also showed major conservation problems. We concluded that the technique is a useful tool with simple application that allows orienting the public conservation decisions on this taxonomic group

Has land use pushed terrestrial biodiversity beyond the planetary boundary? A global assessment

Land use and related pressures have reduced local terrestrial biodiversity, but it is unclear how the magnitude of change relates to the recently proposed planetary boundary (“safe limit”). We estimate that land use and related pressures have already reduced local biodiversity intactness—the average proportion of natural biodiversity remaining in local ecosystems—beyond its recently proposed planetary boundary across 58.1% of the world’s land surface, where 71.4% of the human population live. Biodiversity intactness within most biomes (especially grassland biomes), most biodiversity hotspots, and even some wilderness areas is inferred to be beyond the boundary. Such widespread transgression of safe limits suggests that biodiversity loss, if unchecked, will undermine efforts toward long-term sustainable development

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Data for: Data: Inventory of trees in five fragments of temperate evergreen forest located on the eastern slope of Chile's coastal mountain range

The data set comes from a tree inventory conducted in an evergreen forest fragment (dominated by Laureliopsis philippiana and Eucryphia cordifolia) and four fragments dominated by Nothofagus obliqua

Data for: Data: Inventory of trees in five fragments of temperate evergreen forest located on the eastern slope of Chile's coastal mountain range

The data set comes from a tree inventory conducted in an evergreen forest fragment (dominated by Laureliopsis philippiana and Eucryphia cordifolia) and four fragments dominated by Nothofagus obliqua.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Patch size and shape and their relationship with tree and shrub species richness

The size and shape of 10 native forest patches were related to tree and shrub species richness in the pre coastal mountain range in Osorno province, southern Chile. Four regression models were adjusted (lineal, logarithm, exponential, and power regression) between patch size (area = x) and tree and shrub species richness (y). Patch shape was quantified through three indexes (Patton diversity index, compactness index and fractal dimension) which were correlated with the tree and shrub richness. Results allowed to conclude that (1) species richness tends to increase significantly with patch size; this relationship was explained by the four study models. Nevertheless, the best adjustment was achieved through simple lineal regression, (R-2 = 65.1%; y = 5.9 + 0.15x); (2) patch shapes were complex in general being alike to fractal objects, and (3) area was the most consistent factor explaining tree and shrub richness (r(xyz) = 0.699); shape did not have a significant effect on variation of tree and shrub species richness

A study of the geographic distribution of swamp forest in the coastal zone of the Araucania Region, Chile

Tapia, J (Tapia, Jaime). Univ Talca, Inst Quim Recursos Nat, Talca, ChileA study was made of the geographic distribution of swamp forest in the coastal territory of the Araucania Region, Chile. An analysis of maps, aerial photographs, and satellite images was carried out, together with field work, to determine the location, degree of fragmentation, shape of fragments and habitat use of the forest. The results showed a total area of 7675 ha of forest (in a region of 165,168 ha) divided into 427 fragments of highly irregular shapes, set in a farming matrix. This forest type was located principally on alluvial (37%) and fluvial-marine (33%) plains associated with the Tolten and Queule river basins. Land unsuitable for agriculture accounted for 50% of the area of forest (CIREN Classes VII and VIII). while land with a superficial phreatic water table (0-20 cm depth) and poorly drained soils concentrated 47% and 66% of the forest respectively. The majority of the forested area stands on soils with poor drainage (available habitat), as a response to the greater biophysical restrictions which such areas represent for agriculture. Of the forested area, 59% was located on 859 properties belonging to small-holders with up to 200 ha, while 39% was located on 58 medium to large properties (over 200 ha and over 1000 ha respectively). Forty percent of the forest is within 300 m of a road and only 8% is more than 1000 m away. It is concluded that the forest is under severe pressure from human activity (by clearing for agricultural land, grazing and firewood extraction) and that there is an urgent need for a plan giving priority to conservation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved