Yvonne Oddon (1902-1982), la bibliothécaire du Far West

Le nom d’Yvonne Oddon n’évoque plus grand chose aujourd’hui. Elle fut pourtant l’auteur du fameux « Bach et Oddon », manuel de bibliothéconomie qui instruisit des milliers de bibliothécaires et fut réédité à plusieurs reprises de 1931 à 1964. Fondatrice de la bibliothèque du Musée de l’Homme, militante d’avant-garde pour la lecture publique et membre très actif du célèbre réseau de résistance du Musée de l’Homme, cet être d’exception méritait un hommage que lui a rendu la médiathèque départementale Diois- Vercors, à Die, sa région d’origine, le 11 juillet dernier

Exploring the Relationships Between Altered Body Perception, Limb Position Sense, and Limb Movement Sense in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

© 2018 The Authors Chronic pain is often accompanied by patient-reported distorted body perception and an altered kinesthesia (referring to the senses of limb position and limb movement), but the association between these deficits is unknown. The objectives of this study were to assess body perception and the senses of limb position and limb movement in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and to test whether these variables are related to each other and to pain intensity. Thirteen patients with upper limb CRPS (mean pain intensity, 4.2 ± 2.4 out of 10) and 13 controls were recruited. Body perception was self-reported with a questionnaire, and the senses of limb position (task 1) and of limb movement (task 2) were assessed with a robotic system combined with a 2D virtual reality display. The results showed altered kinesthesia in the patients with CRPS compared with controls (all

Tree species diversity and abundance in coffee farms adjacent to areas of different disturbance histories in Mabira forest system, central Uganda

Coffee production in Uganda is done on small-scale farms containing a very significant tree component. However, there is little information on how tree species abundance, richness and diversity change in coffee farms as distance from forest changes. The main objectives of this study, therefore, were to assess (a) abundance and (b) diversity of tree species in the coffee production systems in proximity to disturbed and undisturbed forest around Mabira forest, one of Uganda's Robusta coffee-growing areas. Seventy-nine 0.1 ha plots were established in nine villages close to undisturbed and disturbed forest, and over 5 km from the forest. A total of 875 trees belonging to 63 species were recorded. There was significant similarity in species composition among the three study sites (analysis of similarity R = 0.09, p < 0.01; analysis of variance: F3,12 = 0.353, p = 0.79). Non-metric dimensional scaling supported these findings (stress value = 0.224 at k = 2) and showed that tree species composition in the three proximity categories was very similar. These results demonstrate that tree species composition and diversity is similar in coffee farms regardless of their distance from the nearest natural forest and forest exploitation history. (Résumé d'auteur

Virtual reality-induced sensorimotor conflict evokes limb-specific sensory disturbances in complex regional pain syndrome

Sensory disturbances are frequently observed in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). They are characterized by changes in the perception of limb weight and temperature, a distorted mental image of the affected limb, feeling the limb as a foreign body part, etc. However, the origin of such disturbances remains unclear. It has been hypothesized that such disturbances are due to attentional effects and/or sensorimotor integration deficits. If sensory disturbances are explained by sensorimotor integration deficits rather than by attentional factors (as hypervigilance toward pain and pain-related sensations), they would be expected to be specific in terms of the type of sensation evoked and in terms of localization.Objectives: The first objective was to test whether sensory disturbances evoked by a unilateral sensorimotor conflict are specific to the painful limb and differ according to the type of sensory disturbances in individuals with a unilateral CRPS compared to healthy controls (HC). The second objective was to assess the association between clinical characteristics and sensory disturbances evoked by a unilateral sensorimotor conflict. The third objective was to assess motor disturbances induced by a unilateral sensorimotor conflict.Methods: Ten adults with upper limb (UL) CRPS and 23 HC were recruited. Sensorimotor conflict was elicited with a KINARM robotized exoskeleton interfaced with a 2D virtual environment allowing the projection of a virtual UL that was moving in either a congruent or incongruent manner relative to the actual UL movement. Participants were required to rate the sensory disturbances evoked from 0 (no change) to 3 (high change) on a questionnaire (8 items). According to a previous study, items were categorized in two Types (Type 1: pain, discomfort, the feeling of losing a limb, change in weight and temperature; Type 2: feelings of peculiarity, the impression of gaining a limb and losing control). Motor disturbances were quantified as mediolateral drift and changes in amplitude of UL movement. Recorded clinical characteristics included the intensity and duration of pain, proprioception deficits, and body perception disturbances.Results and conclusion: CRPS participants report higher Type 1 than Type 2 disturbances for the Affected limb (while the reverse was observed for HC and for the Unaffected limb). In addition, no difference was observed between the Unaffected limb in CRPS and the Dominant limb in HC for Type 2 disturbances, while higher conflict sensitivity was observed for Type 1 disturbances. Conflict sensitivity was related to higher pain (but not to other clinical characteristics) only for Type 1 disturbances in the Affected limb. Finally, no difference in motor disturbances was observed between CRPS and HC. While this does not completely rule out the attentional hypothesis, these results are in line with the hypothesis that sensory disturbances in CRPS are due to deficits in sensorimotor integration

Strategies to reduce waiting times in outpatient rehabilitation services for adults with physical disabilities : a systematic literature review

Objective: Identifying effective strategies to reduce waiting times is a crucial issue in many areas of health services. Long waiting times for rehabilitation services have been associated with numerous adverse effects in people with disabilities. The main objective of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review to assess the effectiveness of service redesign strategies to reduce waiting times in outpatient rehabilitation services for adults with physical disabilities. Methods: We conducted a systematic review, searching three databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE) from their inception until May 2021. We identified studies with comparative data evaluating the effect of rehabilitation services redesign strategies on reducing waiting times. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Results: Nineteen articles including various settings and populations met the selection criteria. They covered physiotherapy (n = 11), occupational therapy (n = 2), prosthetics (n = 1), exercise physiology (n = 1) and multidisciplinary (n = 4) services. The methodological quality varied (n = 10 high quality, n = 6 medium, n = 3 low); common flaws being missing information on the pre-redesign setting and characteristics of the populations. Seven articles assessed access processes or referral management strategies (e.g. self-referral), four focused on extending/modifying the roles of service providers (e.g. to triage) and eight changed the model of care delivery (e.g. mode of intervention). The different redesign strategies had positive effects on waiting times in outpatient rehabilitation services. Conclusions: This review highlights the positive effects of many service redesign strategies. These findings suggest that there are several effective strategies to choose from to reduce waiting times and help better respond to the needs of persons experiencing physical disabilities

Enhanced Pathogenesis Caused by Influenza D Virus and Mycoplasma bovis Coinfection in Calves: a Disease Severity Linked with Overexpression of IFN-gamma as a Key Player of the Enhanced Innate Immune Response in Lungs

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major disease of young cattle whose etiology lies in complex interactions between pathogens and environmental and host factors. Despite a high frequency of codetection of respiratory pathogens in BRD, data on the molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis associated with viral and bacterial interactions are still limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of a coinfection with influenza D virus (IDV) and Mycoplasma bovis in cattle. Naive calves were infected by aerosol with a French IDV strain and an M. bovis strain. The combined infection shortened the incubation period, worsened the disease, and led to more severe macroscopic and microscopic lesions compared to these parameters in calves infected with only one pathogen. In addition, IDV promoted colonization of the lower respiratory tract (LRT) by M. bovis and increased white cell recruitment to the airway lumen. The transcriptomic analysis highlighted an upregulation of immune genes in the lungs of coinfected calves. The gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) gene was shown to be the gene most statistically overexpressed after coinfection at 2 days postinfection (dpi) and at least until 7 dpi, which correlated with the high level of lymphocytes in the LRT. Downregulation of the PACE4 and TMPRSS2 endoprotease genes was also highlighted, being a possible reason for the faster clearance of IDV in the lungs of coinfected animals. Taken together, our coinfection model with two respiratory pathogens that when present alone induce moderate clinical signs of disease was shown to increase the severity of the disease in young cattle and a strong transcriptomic innate immune response in the LRT, especially for IFN-gamma.IMPORTANCE Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is among the most prevalent diseases in young cattle. BRD is due to complex interactions between viruses and/or bacteria, most of which have a moderate individual pathogenicity. In this study, we showed that coinfection with influenza D virus (IDV) and Mycoplasma bovis increased the severity of the respiratory disease in calves in comparison with IDV or M. bovis infection. IDV promoted M. bovis colonization of the lower respiratory tract and increased white cell recruitment to the airway lumen. The transcriptomic analysis highlighted an upregulation of immune genes in the lungs of coinfected calves. The IFN-gamma gene in particular was highly overexpressed after coinfection, correlated with the disease severity, immune response, and white cell recruitment in the lungs. In conclusion, we showed that IDV facilitates coinfections within the BRD complex by modulating the local innate immune response, providing new insights into the mechanisms involved in severe respiratory diseases