Note from the Editors

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The Annual Economic Survey of Federal Gulf Shrimp Permit Holders: Report on the Design, Implementation, and Descriptive Results for 2006

This technical memorandum documents the design, implementation, data preparation, and descriptive results for the 2006 Annual Economic Survey of Federal Gulf Shrimp Permit Holders. The data collection was designed by the NOAA Fisheries Southeast Fisheries Science Center Social Science Research Group to track the financial and economic status and performance by vessels holding a federal moratorium permit for harvesting shrimp in the Gulf of Mexico. A two page, self-administered mail survey collected total annual costs broken out into seven categories and auxiliary economic data. In May 2007, 580 vessels were randomly selected, stratified by state, from a preliminary population of 1,709 vessels with federal permits to shrimp in offshore waters of the Gulf of Mexico. The survey was implemented during the rest of 2007. After many reminder and verification phone calls, 509 surveys were deemed complete, for an ineligibility-adjusted response rate of 90.7%. The linking of each individual vessel’s cost data to its revenue data from a different data collection was imperfect, and hence the final number of observations used in the analyses is 484. Based on various measures and tests of validity throughout the technical memorandum, the quality of the data is high. The results are presented in a standardized table format, linking vessel characteristics and operations to simple balance sheet, cash flow, and income statements. In the text, results are discussed for the total fleet, the Gulf shrimp fleet, the active Gulf shrimp fleet, and the inactive Gulf shrimp fleet. Additional results for shrimp vessels grouped by state, by vessel characteristics, by landings volume, and by ownership structure are available in the appendices. The general conclusion of this report is that the financial and economic situation is bleak for the average vessels in most of the categories that were evaluated. With few exceptions, cash flow for the average vessel is positive while the net revenue from operations and the “profit” are negative. With negative net revenue from operations, the economic return for average shrimp vessels is less than zero. Only with the help of government payments does the average owner just about break even. In the short-term, this will discourage any new investments in the industry. The financial situation in 2006, especially if it endures over multiple years, also is economically unsustainable for the average established business. Vessels in the active and inactive Gulf shrimp fleet are, on average, 69 feet long, weigh 105 gross tons, are powered by 505 hp motor(s), and are 23 years old. Three-quarters of the vessels have steel hulls and 59% use a freezer for refrigeration. The average market value of these vessels was $175,149 in 2006, about a hundred-thousand dollars less than the average original purchase price. The outstanding loans averaged$91,955, leading to an average owner equity of $83,194. Based on the sample, 85 owner-operated. On average, these vessels burned 52,931 gallons of fuel, landed 101,268 pounds of shrimp, and received$2.47 per pound of shrimp. Non-shrimp landings added less than 1% to cash flow, indicating that the federal Gulf shrimp fishery is very specialized. The average total cash outflow was $243,415 of which$108,775 was due to fuel expenses alone. The expenses for hired crew and captains were on average $54,866 which indicates the importance of the industry as a source of wage income. The resulting average net cash flow is$16,225 but has a large standard deviation. For the population of active Gulf shrimp vessels we can state with 95% certainty that the average net cash flow was between $9,500 and$23,000 in 2006. The median net cash flow was $11,843. Based on the income statement for active Gulf shrimp vessels, the average fixed costs accounted for just under a quarter of operating expenses (23.1 The average labor contribution (as captain) of an owner-operator is estimated at about$19,800. The average net revenue from operations is negative $7,429, and is statistically different and less than zero in spite of a large standard deviation. The economic return to Gulf shrimping is negative 4$13,662, leads to an average loss before taxes of $907 for the vessel owners. The confidence interval of this value straddles zero, so we cannot reject, with 95 The average inactive Gulf shrimp vessel is generally of a smaller scale than the average active vessel. Inactive vessels are physically smaller, are valued much lower, and are less dependent on loans. Fixed costs account for nearly three quarters of the total operating expenses of$11,926, and only 6% of these vessels have hull insurance. With an average net cash flow of negative $7,537, the inactive Gulf shrimp fleet has a major liquidity problem. On average, net revenue from operations is negative$11,396, which amounts to a negative 15% economic return, and owners lose $9,381 on their vessels before taxes. To sustain such losses and especially to survive the negative cash flow, many of the owners must be subsidizing their shrimp vessels with the help of other income or wealth sources or are drawing down their equity. Active Gulf shrimp vessels in all states but Texas exhibited negative returns. The Alabama and Mississippi fleets have the highest assets (vessel values), on average, yet they generate zero cash flow and negative$32,224 net revenue from operations. Due to their high (loan) leverage ratio the negative 11% economic return is amplified into a negative 21% return on equity. In contrast, for Texas vessels, which actually have the highest leverage ratio among the states, a 1% economic return is amplified into a 13% return on equity. From a financial perspective, the average Florida and Louisiana vessels conform roughly to the overall average of the active Gulf shrimp fleet. It should be noted that these results are averages and hence hide the variation that clearly exists within all fleets and all categories. Although the financial situation for the average vessel is bleak, some vessels are profitable. (PDF contains 101 pages

Correlación entre presión arterial y peso en niños y adolescentes de una escuela municipal del Estado de São Paulo

Verificar a correlação entre alterações de peso e pressão arterial em escolares do ensino fundamental de uma escola municipal do noroeste paulista. Método: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e correlacional. Após a coleta e categorização do peso e pressão arterial de 148 escolares, os dados foram digitados no Excel e analisados no programa estatístico Statistical Package for Social Science, versão 12, utilizando-se estatística descritiva e inferencial (tabela de contingência e teste de correlação de Pearson). Resultados: O sexo predominante foi masculino (63,5%), e a idade média 8,4 anos; 36,5% apresentaram índice de massa corpórea alterado (3,4% baixo, 10,1% sobrepeso e 23% obesidade); 4,7% apresentaram pressão arterial limítrofe, e 9,5%, hipertensão. O teste de correlação indicou correlação forte e positiva entre peso/índice de massa corpórea e pressão arterial. Conclusões: Os resultados contribuem para o diagnóstico precoce de alterações pressóricas na população estudada e sua prevenção nos indivíduos obesos e com sobrepeso.To verify the correlation between weight and blood pressure alterations on students from a public basic education school from the interior of São Paulo. Method: Descriptive and correlational study, with quantitative approach. After collected and categorized the weight and blood pressure of 148 students, the data were typed in Excel and analyzed, through descriptive and inferential stats (cross-tabs and Pearson's correlation test), using the program Statistical Package for Social Science 12th version. Results: The prevailing gender was male (63.5%) and the average age was 8.4; 36.5% presented altered corporal weight (3.4% low weight, 10.1% overweight and 23% obesity); 4.7% presented bordering levels of blood pressure and 9.5% presented hypertension. The correlation test indicated strong positive correlation between weight/corporal weight and blood pressure. Conclusions: The results contribute to the precocious diagnosis of blood pressure alterations in the researched population as well as to its prevention in obese and overweight individuals.Evaluar la correlación entre los cambios de peso y la presión arterial en niños que cursan la enseñanza primaria de una escuela municipal en el noroeste del Estado de San Paulo. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y correlacional. Después de identificar y clasificar el peso y la presión arterial de 148 estudiantes, los datos fueron digitados para Excel y analizados en el programa estadístico Statistical Package for Social Science , versión 12, utilizandose estadística descriptiva e inferencial (tabla de contingencia y el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson). Resultados: El sexo predominante fue el masculino (63.5%) y la edad promedio, 8.4 años; 36.5% presentaron un índice de masa corporal con alteraciones (3.4% bajo, 10.1% presentan sobrepeso y 23% presentan obesidad), 4.7% presentaron cifras limítrofe de hipertensión arterial y 9.5% presentaron hipertensión. el coeficiente de correlación indicó una correlación fuerte y positiva entre el peso/índice de masa corporal y la presión arterial. Conclusiones: Los resultados contribuyeron al diagnóstico precoz de los cambios en la presión de la población estudiada y su prevención en individuos obesos y con sobrepeso

Mesenteric Panniculitis in Sjögren’s Syndrome: A New Systemic Manifestation to Consider?

The association between mesenteric panniculitis and Sjögren's syndrome, although rare, is starting to be recognized. Usually, mesenteric panniculitis is symptomatic, presenting with either general or gastrointestinal symptoms. Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease that typically affects secretory glands, but may have serious systemic involvement. We report the case of a 77-year-old patient in whom accidental discovery of asymptomatic mesenteric panniculitis on computed tomography led to the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome with several systemic manifestations

Patrón espacial de la legionelosis en España, 2003-2007

ResumenObjetivosAnalizar el patrón espacial de la legionelosis en España para hombres y mujeres durante el periodo 2003-2007, e identificar agrupamientos espaciales del riesgo.MétodosSe identificó el patrón espacial de la distribución de las tasas de legionelosis a partir del cálculo de las tasas por municipio por el método directo. Se realizó el suavizado de estas tasas por el método Empirical Bayes para estudiar el patrón espacial de la enfermedad, para ambos sexos. Se utilizó el índice de correlación espacial de Moran para analizar la autocorrelación global de las tasas. Localmente se utilizó el índice local de Moran (LISA) para analizar los agrupamientos (clusters) de municipios con mayor riesgo.ResultadosUna vez suavizado el riesgo, las mayores tasas (más de 50 por 100.000 habitantes) se agrupan en las zonas costeras del Mediterráneo oriental y en el norte de la Península, así como en los territorios insulares del Mediterráneo. El índice de Moran de las tasas suavizadas es 0,15 para los hombres y 0,23 para las mujeres. Las agrupaciones espaciales de las tasas más altas estadísticamente significativas calculadas mediante el LISA se distribuyen en el eje norte-levante para ambos sexos.ConclusionesEstos métodos de análisis espacial permiten identificar los patrones de distribución de la enfermedad. Los métodos empleados presentan resultados similares. Estas técnicas son una herramienta complementaria para la vigilancia epidemiológica de las enfermedades infecciosas.AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the spatial pattern of legionellosis in Spain for men and women during the period 2003-2007 and to identify spatial clustering of risk.MethodsWe identified the spatial pattern of the distribution of legionellosis rates based on calculation of rates by municipality through the direct method. Smoothing of these rates was performed by the Empirical Bayes method for studying the spatial pattern of disease for both sexes. We used Morańs index to analyze spatial autocorrelation rates globally. To calculate local rates, the Local Moran's Index [known as local indicators of spatial association (LISA)], was used to analyze the clusters of municipalities with the highest risk.ResultsAfter smoothing the risk, the highest rates (over 50 per 100,000 inhabitants) were grouped in the eastern Mediterranean coastal areas and the north of the mainland, as well as in the Mediterranean islands. Moran's index smoothed rates were 0.15 for men and 0.23 for women. The spatial clusters of statistically significant higher rates calculated by the LISA index were distributed in the north and east for both sexes.ConclusionsThese methods of spatial analysis allow patterns of disease distribution to be identified. All the methods used yielded similar results. These techniques are a complementary tool for epidemiological surveillance of infectious diseases

Book of Abstracts of 11th Iberian Conference on Tribology

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Cambios en los parámetros oculares en pacientes operados mediante láser femtosegundo en comparación con la técnica de facoemulsificación convencional

Según la OMS la catarata es la mayor causa de ceguera legal reversible en el mundo, representa el 48% entre todas las causas de ceguera mundiales, pero a diferencia de otras disfunciones visuales esta se puede evitar por medio de cirugía. En las últimas décadas se ha realizado la cirugía de cataratas mediante la técnica de facoemulsificación. pero en los últimos años se ha empezado a utilizar el láser de femtosegundo. El objetivo de este estudio es demostrar si existen cambios/diferencias en los parámetros oculares entre dos grupos de pacientes operados de cirugía de cataratas: un grupo mediante facoemulsificación y otro grupo con láser femtosegundo

Evaluación de la calidad óptica en pacientes con glaucoma

Evaluación de la calidad óptica ocular mediante el aberrómetro KR1W y el Optical Quality Analysis System (OQASII)en una muestra compuesta por dos grupos. El primero un grupo de pacientes diagnosticados con glaucoma tratados con fármacos hipotensores desde al menos un año, y el segundo un grupo de hipertensos oculares.<br /

Revisión bibliográfica de la alteración de la superficie ocular en pacientes con glaucoma

El glaucoma puede definirse como una neuropatía óptica progresiva multifactorial asociada a cambios morfológicos característicos del nervio óptico y en la capa de fibras nerviosas de la retina con pérdida del campo visual y asociado con frecuencia, pero no siempre, a una presión intraocular elevada. Actualmente, el método para tratar dicha patología es el tratamiento farmacológico, que consisten en el uso de medicamentos hipotensores tópicos. El objetivo de este trabajo se basa en la realización de una revisión bibliográfica para analizar los cambios y alteraciones que provocar dichos medicamentos sobre la superficie ocular.<br /

Cambios refractivos tras las distintas técnicas quirúrgicas del glaucoma. Revisión bibliográfica.

Las distintas técnicas quirúrgicas para tratar el glaucoma se enfocan en disminuir la presión intraocular del ojo afectado, pero no están exentas de complicaciones peri y postoperatorias. En esta revisión bibliográfica, se comparan los cambios refractivos sufridos por los ojos operados mediante distintas técnicas como complicación postoperatoria.<br /