Work and workplaces that are prohibited for pregnant women, breastfeeding women, mothers until the ninth month after childbirth

Bakalářská práce obsahuje teoretickou část, výzkumnou část a přílohy. V teoretické části bakalářské práce jsou v několika kapitolách rozepsány faktory, které jsou rizikové a zakázány těhotným ženám, kojícím ženám a ženám do devátého měsíce po porodu. U každého rizikového faktoru jsou vypsány zdravotní následky, které mohou vzniknout po vystavení se těmto rizikovým faktorům. Dále jsou u každého rizikového faktoru vypsány pracoviště, na kterých se tyto faktory vyskytují nebo se mohou vyskytovat. V závěru teoretické části je stručně popsán průběh fyziologického těhotenství a stádia vývoje plodu. Ve výzkumné části bakalářské práce je popsán provedený výzkum a jeho výsledky. Výsledky jsou také graficky zpracované. Výzkum se zabývá právním vědomím žen a znalostmi žen ohledně rizikových faktorů. Dále se zabývá zjišťováním, jaké práce ženy vykonávaly během svého těhotenství a zda se zajímaly o to, jestli je jejich pracoviště bezpečné pro jejich zdraví. V přílohách jsou uvedené některé informace potřebné k upřesnění, kdy se jedná o rizikovou práci.Katedra záchranářství a technických oborůObhájenoMy graduation thesis includes theoretical part, practical part and annexes. As far as the theoretical part is concerned, my thesis describes risky and forbidden factors for pregnant women, breastfeeding women and women in the nineth month after childbirth. There are health effects listed for each risk factor that may occur after exposure to these risk factors. In addition, my thesis contains a list of workplaces for each risk factor where these factors occur or may occur. The end of theoretical part describes physiological process of pregnancy and stages of fetal growth. In the practical part, my thesis describes the research conducted and its results. The results are put into graphs. The scope of my research is to determine legal awareness of women and women's knowledge of risk factors. It also endeavors to identify what kind of work women perform during thier pregnancy and whether they are interested if their workplace is safe for their health. The Annexes contain some information needed to specify where it is a risky job

Pertussis, possibilities of managing unsatisfactory epidemiological situation in the Czech Republic.

This thesis deals with the problems of pertussis epidemiological problems in the Czech Republic, especially the possibilities of improvement of the epidemiological situation of pertussis. Pertussis is a serious infectious disease of the respiratory system and is monitored long-term in Czech Republic. The incidence of pertussis in its epidemic cycles continues to increase since the 90s. Last year's reported sickness rate was 11.7 of 100 000 people (1233 cases total).The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part shows the characteristics of pertussis and describes the preventive and repressive measures. Last part of the theoretical section describes epidemiological situation of pertussis from history to the present day while last four years are described in more detail. The practical part of the thesis consists of research.The research was conducted using qualitative method. As data collection method was chosen interviews with first contact physicians, which are pediatricians and physicians for adults. Two objectives were set in research area. The first objective was to map the compliance with the conditions laid down under the "case" definition of pertussis and its methods of diagnosis for pediatricians and physicians for adults (first contact physicians). The second objective was to create intervention for affecting the adverse epidemiological situation of pertussis. Intervention is based on the results of research aimed at compliance with procedures of "case" definition of pertussis and on knowledge of pediatricians and physicians for adults about the epidemiology of pertussis issue and their views on vaccination

Role of protein-cellulose nanocrystal interactions in the stabilization of emulsion

Hypothesis: The interactions between two bio-based emulsifiers, namely cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and the surface active sodium caseinate (CAS), can influence the formation and stability of oil-in-water emulsion (O/W). Experiments: After studying the interactions between CNC and CAS, in bulk, and at air-water and liquid-liquid interfaces, emulsions have been prepared through different routes of addition, at pH 7 and 3, at which CNC and CAS had repulsive and attractive interactions, respectively. The routes of addition were (1) CAS and CNC simultaneously, (2) CAS first followed by CNC in a subsequent emulsification step and (3) CNC first, followed by CAS. The emulsions were characterized by laser diffraction and optical microscopy. Findings: At pH 7, in the case of repulsive interactions, the surface activity of CAS was balanced by the irreversible adsorption of CNC, irrespectively of the route of emulsification. At pH 3, in the case of attractive interactions, using route (1), the aggregates CAS-CNC provided better emulsification than CNC and CAS alone. For emulsions prepared by route (2) and (3), gelling was observed which could be controlled through the order of addition. Emulsions prepared at pH 7 then adjusted to pH 3 exhibited an increase in viscosity, while the droplet size was not affected. © 2019Czech Science Foundation, Czechia [1916861S]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Czechia - Program NPU I [L01504]; TBU in Zlin [IGA/CPS/2019/004

Effect of process parameters and methylcellulose supplementation on the properties of n-undecane emulsions

Study was made on the influence of processing parameters on droplet size during emulsification with an Ultra-Turrax homogenizer. Emulsions of undecane in water, stabilized with nonionic Igepals, were prepared at the optimum hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of 11.5 and oil-to-water (O/W) ratio of 5/95; the sizes of emulsion droplets were measured at intervals from the commencement of emulsification. Results showed that the optimum emulsification conditions, as pertaining to minimum particle size, arose at 13 400 rpm and 20 minutes of Ultra-Turrax treatment. Additionally, effects exerted by the presence of methylcellulose, time and storage temperature on the emulsions were determined. Emulsions prepared at the optimal processing parameters revealed that the smallest particle sizes (lower than 200 nm) and the best emulsion stability were demonstrated at the oil/water ratios of 3/97 and 5/95, with 3% surfactant content, an HLB value of 10 to 11 and the storage temperature of 25°C, irrespective of the content of methylcellulose. © 2017 Tomas Bata University in Zlín.TBU in Zlin [IGA/FT/2016/006]; funds for specific academic researc

Effect of ultrasonic processing on the particle size and distribution of the emulsion containing enzymatically interesterified fat

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound application through stability assessment of proposed emulsion systems based on novel fats. Emulsions based on modified fat and containing various amount of a thickener were assessed. Stability testing consisted of measurement of mean particle sizes, particle distribution and in determining dispersion indexes of emulsions subjected and not subjected to sonication. Emulsions containing the highest ratio of hemp oil in a fat blend exhibited the lowest mean particle size, most favorable particle size distribution, and minimum dispersity index in measurements both with and without sonication. Reasons for applying ultrasounds to the emulsification process and the advantage of this method over other techniques of emulsification were reconfirmed. The emulsion with interesterified blend of mutton tallow and hemp oil (1:3) wt/wt and 1% wt. of a thickener was found the most stable in mean particle size determination using ultrasounds. Practical application: In the authors’ opinion, it is justified to use ultrasounds in preparation of emulsions containing modified fats. Due to the absence of additional compounds like emulsifiers, use of effective homogenization methods is necessary. The authors believe that the limitation of additional components allows us to use proposed products as model emulsion systems in food, cosmetic or even pharmaceutical industries. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Poland; Polymer Centre, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Czech Republi

Behaviour of silver nanoparticles in simulated saliva and gastrointestinal fluids

Continuously increasing application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) requires information on their safety and performance under biological conditions. Assessment of AgNPs in biological systems is also related to availability of robust toxicological methods for evaluation of toxic potential of AgNPs and information on their physicochemical state. Silver nanoparticles were subjected to action of simulated saliva, gastric and intestinal fluids, appropriately supplemented with digestive enzymes pepsin or pancreatin. The behaviour of AgNPs was determined using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, and their toxicity as well as capability to induce inflammatory reactions were assessed using reconstructed human tissue models (EpiOral, EpiGingival, EpiIntestinal). The study revealed that during exposure to the fluids, AgNPs size and morphology changed and depended on composition and pH of the respective fluid. If present, the change in terms of growth of AgNPs size occurred immediately after contact of AgNPs with the respective fluid and continued with prolonged time of contact. A pilot study on reconstituted human tissue models revealed low toxicity and inflammatory effects of AgNPs and confirmed the suitability of 3-D models for toxicological studies including bioavailability. © 201717-05095S, GACR, Grantová Agentura České RepublikyCzech Science Foundation [17-05095S]; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic conceptual development of research organization (National Institute of Public Health - NIPH) [75010330]; TBU in Zlin; funds of specific academic research [IGA/CPS/2017/001

Transdermal absorption of active substances from cosmetic vehicles

Background: Cosmetic products mean any substance or mixture intended to be placed in contact with the external parts of the human body (eg, epidermis, lips) and should not pass to the lower parts and penetrate to the skin. As a part of evaluation of cosmetic safety, the transdermal absorption of substances should be investigated. Materials and Methods: In vitro absorption was investigated with Franz diffusion cells on untreated porcine skin and specimens of the same treated with 15%wt. SLS. The integrity of the skin was discerned by gauging transdermal electrical conductivity (TEC), the concentration of caffeine absorbed by the samples of skin membrane by liquid chromatography, which took place by applying an emulsion and/or a gel containing active hydration agents (urea, sodium hyaluronate, and sericin). Results: The greatest extent of caffeine penetration was seen for pretreatment with just SLS; similar results were in skin treated with the base gel with 10%wt. urea. In the skin treated with the base emulsion only, the amount of caffeine absorbed was twofold less; this increased after adding the active hydration substances. The values measured for TEC corresponded with the amount of caffeine absorbed. Conclusion: The gel proved to be the more potent vehicle for the active ingredient, as it demonstrated greater transdermal caffeine penetration than the emulsions, correlating with the degree of damage to the skin as detected by TEC. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Enzyme-catalyzed polymerization process: A novel approach to the preparation of polyaniline colloidal dispersions with an immunomodulatory effect

A green, nature-friendly synthesis of polyaniline colloidal particles based on enzyme-assisted oxidation of aniline with horseradish peroxidase and chitosan or poly(vinyl alcohol) as steric stabilizers was successfully employed. Physicochemical characterization revealed formation of particles containing the polyaniline emeraldine salt and demonstrated only a minor effect of polymer stabilizers on particle morphology. All tested colloidal particles showed in vitro antioxidation activity determined via scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. In vitro, they were able to reduce oxidative stress and inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils and inflammatory cytokines by macrophages. The anti-inflammatory effect observed was related to their antioxidant activity, especially in the case of neutrophils. The particles can thus be especially advantageous as active components of biomaterials modulating the early stages of inflammation. In addition to the immunomodulatory effect, the presence of intrinsically conducting polyaniline can impart cell-instructive properties to the particles. The approach to particle synthesis that we employed-an original one using environmentally friendly and biocompatible horseradish peroxidase-represents a smart way of preparing conducting particles with unique properties, which can be further modified by the stabilizers used.Czech Science Foundation [20-28732S]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic-DKRVO [RP/CPS/2022/001]; TBU in Zlin [IGA/CPS/2022/001]; project OP RDE Junior Grants of TBU in Zlin [CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/19_073/0016941]; European Structural and Investment Funds, Operational Program Research, Development and Education-"Preclinical Progression of New Organic Compounds with Targeted Biological Activity" (Preclinprogress) [CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007381