The first list of macrofungi from the wider area of the Šalek vally

V letu 2001 in 2002 smo popisovali makromicete v Šaleški dolini in njeni okolici. Evidentirali smo 316 vrst makromicet, med njimi 14 vrst s slovenskegaseznama zavarovanih gliv: knežja mušnica ali karželj (Amanita caesarea), velikoluska mušnica (Amanita strobiliformis), votlobetni gobanček (Boletinus cavipes), kraljevi goban (Boletus regius), luskasti različek navadne lisičke (Cantharellus cibarius var. amethysteus), žolta lisička (Craterellus lutescens), švicarski polžar (Chroogomphus helveticus), čokata žilolistka (Gomphus clavatus), rožnati slinar (Gomphidius roseus), modreči bledotrosnik (Gyroporus cyanescens), bleščava luskarica (Phaeolepiota aurea), hrastov glivec (Sparassis brevipes), črni kuštravec (Strobilomyces strobilaceus) in orjaška kolobarnica ali čebular (Tricholoma colossus). Poleg zavarovanih smo evidentirali številne redke vrste. Pojavljanje zavarovanih in redkih vrst nakazuje njihovo veliko pestrost, zato predlagamo nadaljnjo sistematično inventarizacijo makromicet Šaleške doline. Pojavljanje gliv smo ocenili z bioindikativnega vidika in ga hkrati primerjali s seznami ogroženih gliv Evrope.The inventory of macrofungi in the Šalek Valley was made in 2001 and 2002. In total, 316 species of higher fungi were determined. Among them, the following fourteen species are protected by law in Slovenia: Amanita caesarea, Amanita strobiliformis, Boletinus cavipes, Boletus regius, Cantharellus cibarius var. amethysteus, Craterelus lutescens, Chroogomphus helveticus, Gomphus clavatus, Gomphidius roseus, Gyroporus cyanescens, Phaeolepiota aurea, Sparassis brevipes, Strobilomyces strobilaceus and Tricholoma colossus. In addition, several rare species were found in the Šalek Valley. Due to the high species richness, the inventory of macrofungi in the Šalek Valley should be continued in the future. The list was made from the bioindicative point of view and is, moreover, compared with legal documents regarding the endangered European macrofungi

A comparison of the bankfull discharge of Želimeljščica 1985 and 2015

In the past few years Slovenia has been facing frequent flooding. One of the main reasons is\ud decreasing the bankfull discharge capacity. The graduation thesis compares the bankfull discharge of\ud the Želimeljščica river in 1985 and 2015. The source of data from 1985 was the project Ureditev\ud Želimeljščice made by the company Hidrotehnik d.d., the data for 2015 were gathered by the author of\ud this thesis herself. Stream cross section profile was measured by using a tape measure and a meter\ud ruler. The measurements of the stream flow were made using the Flo-tracer instruments, followed by\ud the calculation of Mannings roughness coefficient from the acquired data. For hydrological\ud calculations fort the years 1985 and 2015 the author used one-dimensional mathematical model of the\ud hydraulic programming environment HEC-RAS. The results of the cross section chanell area, values\ud of the Manning´s roughness coefficient and bankfull discharge capacity between the years 1985 in\ud 2015 were compared

Communities of wood-inhabiting bryophytes and fungi on dead beech logs in Europe - reflecting substrate quality or shaped by climate and forest conditions?

Aim: Fungi are drivers of wood decay in forested ecosystem, while bryophytes use dead wood as a platform for their autotrophic lifestyle. We tested the hypothesis that fungal communities on beech logs are mainly structured by substrate quality, while bryophyte communities are structured by climatic gradients. In addition, we tested whether community structure in both organism groups is altered along a gradient from nearly pristine forest to forests heavily affected by management and human disturbance in the past. Location: Europe. Methods: We surveyed 1207 fallen beech logs in 26 of the best-preserved forest stands across six European countries, representing a gradient in overall naturalness of the forest landscape. Recorded species were classified into ecological guilds. Indirect ordination and variation partitioning was used to analyse the relationship between species composition and environmental variables, recorded at log or site level. Results: In total, 10,367 bryophyte and 15,575 fungal records were made, representing 157 and 272 species, respectively. Fungal communities were more clearly structured by substrate quality than were bryophyte communities. In both groups a distinct turnover in species composition was evident along a longitudinal gradient from Central to Western Europe. Fungi specialized in trunk rot and specialized epixylic bryophytes were scarcely represented in Atlantic regions, and partly replaced by species belonging to less specialized guilds. Variables related to climate and forest conditions were confounded along this main geographical gradient in community composition. Main conclusions: We found that bryophyte and fungal communities co-occurring on fallen beech logs in European beech forest reserves differed in their responses to biogeographical drivers and local-scale habitat filters. Both groups responded to major gradients in climate and forest conditions, but the loss of specialist guilds in degraded forest landscapes points to a functionally important effect of forest landscape degradation at the European continental scale. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Procjena zdravstvenog stanja jelove šume temeljem mikobioindikacije: studija u slivu potoka Križ, Gorski kotar, Hrvatska

Mycobioindication research was undertaken in the Križ stream catchment area, so as to be able to evaluate current forest health. The forest cover within the area mainly consists of acidophilous fir forest. This study was a part of an Environmental Impact Assessment for a planned drinking water reservoir. The study area belongs to the Gorski kotar region (Croatia) which is subject to strong influence by air pollution from a nearby industrial region (Rijeka bay) and the remote transport of pollutants from heavily industrialised northern Italy. The decline of European silver fir forests in the area has been well documented in previous studies by various authors. For the needs of this research, spatial model of the hypothetical lead load distribution in the soil was extrapolated from a model developed for nearby Risnjak National Park. Plot design and spatial location were determined on the basis of this model. The research presented develops a rapid mycobioindication method, which yields results in line with those presented in the literature. Standardised late autumn fructifying ectomycorrhizal macromycete species with clear mycobioindicative values have been selected and analysed for species diversity and sporocarp productivity. This was done on five 2500 m2 plots distributed in such a way as to cover the whole range of the modelled hypothetical lead load levels. The observed mycobioindication showed a high correlation with the hypothetical lead load and fir defoliation. The spatial distribution of forest health proved to be highly mosaic, mainly as a result of the differing exposure of the spatially variable terrain to air pollution. The quality of the water supply from the future drinking water reservoir is highly dependent on the health of the forests within the catchment area. The method described enables water resource managers to undertake in and on-time remediation measures to protect catchment forest cover.U svrhu procjene zdravstvenog stanja acidofilne jelove šume na slivnom području Križ potoka provedeno je mikobioindikacijsko istraživanje, s ciljem procjene sadašnjeg zdravstvenog stanja šume. Istraživano područje najvećim je dijelom prekriveno acidofilnim jelovim šumama. Studija je izrađena kao dio procjene utjecaja na okoliš za planiranu akumulaciju pitke vode. Istraživano područje nalazi se u Gorskom kotaru koji je izložen snažnom zračnom onečišćenju iz obližnje industrijske regije (Riječki zaljev), te daljinskom transportu polutanata iz intenzivno industrijalizirane sjeverne Italije. Propadanje jelovih šuma na tom području dobro je dokumentirano u dosadašnjim radovima različitih autora. Za potrebe ovog istraživanja ekstrapoliran je model prostorne razdiobe hipotetskog opterećenja tla olovom, razvijen za obližnji Nacionalni park Risnjak. Definiranje i razmještaj istraživačkih ploha određeno je na temelju spomenutog modela. U ovom je istraživanju razvijena brza mikobioindikacijska metoda čiji su rezultati u visokom stupnju poklapanja s onima iz literature. Odabrane kasnojesenske ektomikorizne vrste makromiceta s izrazitim mikobioindikativnim osobinama analizirane su temeljem brojnosti vrsta i produktivnosti njihovih plodišta. Uspostavljeno je pet ploha površine 2500 m2 koje su razmještene tako da obuhvaćaju čitav raspon modeliranih razina opterećenja tla olovom. Mikobioindikacijska analiza pokazala je visok stupanj korelacije s hipotetskim opterećenjem tla olovom kao i s oštećenošću krošanja jele. Prostorna razdioba zdravstvenog stanja šume pokazala se vrlo mozaičnom, uglavnom kao rezultat prostorno varijabilne izloženosti terena zračnim polutantima. Kvaliteta pitke vode iz buduće hidroakumulacije uvelike je ovisna o zdravlju šuma slivnog područja. Opisana metoda omogućava stručnjacima za upravljanje vodnim resursima mogućnost poduzimanja pravovremenih mjera zaštite šumskog pokrova na slivnom području

Diversity of the genus Tuber from the West Balkan areas using molecular characterisation

Peer Reviewe

Intense desert dust event in the northern Adriatic (March 2020); insights from the numerical model application and chemical characterization results.

The untypically extreme and sudden particulate matter outbreak set stage over Balkan region from 27 to 30 March 2020. The available observations at air quality stations in Croatia recorded the hourly PM10 concentrations up to 412 μgm-3. Meteorological analysis shows the PM10 concentrations increase was primarily affected by advection of mineral dust from the desert area east to the Caspian Sea. The anticyclone north of Croatia and cyclone over Anatolia formed a strong pressure gradient driving a transport from the east. The backward trajectories as well as satellite products indicated the dry Aral Sea as a major source of dust. A dust plume affected the PM10 increase observed in Croatia, starting at Osijek and easternmost air quality stations . Modeling study shows the vertical extension of a plume was up to ~2 km. However, the PM10 chemical (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, PAHs) and morphological (SEM analyses) composition at the site in the northeastern Adriatic revealed mainly the presence of the Saharan dust. Preceding the Asian dust advection, the Saharan dust transport towards Balkan driven by Sharav cyclone was observed in PM10 at several stations in the Adriatic and continental Croatia on 26 March 2020. Modeling results showed the Saharan dust transport was at levels below ~ 8 km. The mixing of the Asian and Saharan dust plumes over Balkan was favored by subsidence due to anticyclonic high pressure conditions, and it is the most likely explanation for the observed PMs chemical and morphological results

The effects of habitat degradation on metacommunity structure of wood-inhabiting fungi in European beech forests

Intensive forest management creates habitat degradation by reducing the variation of forest stands in general, and by removing old trees and dead wood in particular. Non-intervention forest reserves are commonly believed to be the most efficient tool to counteract the negative effects on biodiversity, but actual knowledge of the conservation efficiency is limited, especially for recent reserves. The structure of ecological communities is often described with measures of nestedness, beta diversity and similarity between communities. We studied whether these measures differ among forest reserves with different management histories. For this purpose, we used a large data set of wood-inhabiting fungi collected from dead beech trees in European beech-dominated forest reserves. The structure of fungal assemblages showed high beta diversity, while nestedness and similarity was low. During the decomposition process of trees beta diversity between the communities occupying different trees increased in natural, but not in previously managed sites. Effects of management and decay process on nestedness were complex. We argue that the detected differences most likely reflect historical effects which have extirpated specialized species from the local species pools in managed sites, and resulted in more homogeneous communities in managed sites. It is alarming that community structure is affected the most in the latest decay stages where the decay process turns the dead wood into litter, and which is thus the interface between the wood decay and the litter-decaying ecosystem. The effects of simplified communities in late decay stages on soil biodiversity should be studied