ALCOHOL- AND DRUG-RELATED CONTENTS IN THE NURSING PROGRAM AT ESPÍRITO SANTO FEDERAL UNIVERSITY: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

The study was based on the project sponsored by the Organization of American States which wasdeveloped by São Paulo Federal University College of Nursing aiming at analyzing the alcohol- and drug-relatedcourse contents taught in undergraduate nursing programs in Brazil. Its purpose was to evaluate teachingconditions concerning this theme in the undergraduate nursing program at Espírito Santo Federal Universitythrough a descriptive survey applied to 86 nursing students. To 95% of the students, the problem related to theconsumption of alcohol and drugs is a theme of great interest. The inclusion of these themes in nursing programsis a facilitating condition for the education of nurses in this area

The health and socio-demographic factors associated with depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic:A cross-sectional study

Introduction: Our objective was to analyze depressive symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic and their association with health and sociodemographic factors. Methods: A survey of 4203 adults from ten municipalities was conducted in Mato Grosso state, Amazon region of Brazil. Data collection was done at home, with the collection of sociodemographic characteristics, and aspects of both physical and mental health. The DSM‐5 level 1 cross‐sectional symptom scale was used to identify symptoms of depression, substance use disorders, sleep disturbances, and anxiety. Chemiluminescence was also used to detect IgG anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies. Results: The estimated prevalence of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies was 12.5% and the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 23.2%. In the multivariate analysis, depression was associated with being male, having a low income, the level of physical activity before the pandemic, chronic illness, substance use disorder, sleep and anxiety disorders. Conclusion: Evidence on depression and its associated factors is critical to understanding the extent of the population situation from which recommendations can be made to guide public policy.Introdução: O nosso objetivo foi analisar a associação entre sintomas depressivos e fatores sociodemográficos e de saúde durante a pandemia de COVID‐19. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo com 4203 adultos de dez municípios do estado de Mato Grosso, região amazônica do Brasil. A recolha de dados foi realizada na residência, com levantamento de informações sobre as características sociodemográficas, aspectos de saúde física e mental. A Escala de Sintomas Transversais de Nível 1 do DSM‐5 foi utilizada para identificar sintomas de depressão, transtorno por uso de substâncias, distúrbios do sono e ansiedade. A quimiluminescência foi utilizada para detectar anticorpos IgG anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2. Resultados: A prevalência estimada de anticorpos anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 foi de 12,5% e a prevalência de sintomas depressivos foi de 23,2%. Na análise multivariada, a depressão esteve associada a ser do sexo masculino, ter baixa renda, nível de atividade física antes da pandemia, ter doença crónica, apresentar transtorno por uso de substâncias, transtornos do sono e de ansiedade. Conclusão: Os achados sobre a depressão e seus fatores associados são essenciais para a compreensão sobre a magnitude do quadro desses sintomas na população, a partir de onde podem ser feitas recomendações que norteiem as políticas públicas

Association between plasma phospholipid saturated fatty acids and metabolic markers of lipid, hepatic, inflammation and glycaemic pathways in eight European countries: a cross-sectional analysis in the EPIC-InterAct study.

BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence suggests that individual circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are heterogeneous in their associations with cardio-metabolic diseases, but evidence about associations of SFAs with metabolic markers of different pathogenic pathways is limited. We aimed to examine the associations between plasma phospholipid SFAs and the metabolic markers of lipid, hepatic, glycaemic and inflammation pathways. METHODS: We measured nine individual plasma phospholipid SFAs and derived three SFA groups (odd-chain: C15:0 + C17:0, even-chain: C14:0 + C16:0 + C18:0, and very-long-chain: C20:0 + C22:0 + C23:0 + C24:0) in individuals from the subcohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct case-cohort study across eight European countries. Using linear regression in 15,919 subcohort members, adjusted for potential confounders and corrected for multiple testing, we examined cross-sectional associations of SFAs with 13 metabolic markers. Multiplicative interactions of the three SFA groups with pre-specified factors, including body mass index (BMI) and alcohol consumption, were tested. RESULTS: Higher levels of odd-chain SFA group were associated with lower levels of major lipids (total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB)) and hepatic markers (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)). Higher even-chain SFA group levels were associated with higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), TC/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, triglycerides, ApoB, ApoB/A1 ratio, ALT, AST, GGT and CRP, and lower levels of HDL-C and ApoA1. Very-long-chain SFA group levels showed inverse associations with triglycerides, ApoA1 and GGT, and positive associations with TC, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C, ApoB and ApoB/A1. Associations were generally stronger at higher levels of BMI or alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Subtypes of SFAs are associated in a differential way with metabolic markers of lipid metabolism, liver function and chronic inflammation, suggesting that odd-chain SFAs are associated with lower metabolic risk and even-chain SFAs with adverse metabolic risk, whereas mixed findings were obtained for very-long-chain SFAs. The clinical and biochemical implications of these findings may vary by adiposity and alcohol intake

Atitudes dos Enfermeiros com RelaÇÃo ao Alcoolismo: Uma avaliaÇÃo de Conhecimentos

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar os conhecimentos adquiridos sobre os problemas relacionados ao uso de álcool e aos usuários pelos enfermeiros (alunos, docentes e enfermeiros assistenciais) de uma universidade publica brasileira durante a formação educacional. Para esta pesquisa foi elaborado um questionário que contém avaliações sobre os conteúdos elementares e específicos relacionados aos problemas do alcoolismo, baseado no NEADA FACULTY SURVEY (PROJECT NEADA – Nursing Education in Alcohol and Drug Education). Concluímos que existe uma deficiência na educação formal, onde encontramos em grande proporção que os enfermeiros obtiveram pouco ou nenhum conhecimento em nível semi-especializado ou especializado sobre o tema álcool e suas conseqüências, o que nos leva a discutir a necessidade de uma maior oferta de treinamentos nessa área. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Educação em Enfermagem; Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Alcool; Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Práticas em Saúde

OS CONTEÚDOS ÁLCOOL E OUTRAS DROGAS NO ENSINO DE ENFERMAGEM DA UFES: UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA

RESUMO: O estudo foi baseado no projeto da OEA e adaptado pela Escola de Enfermagem da UNIFESP, buscando analisar a situação sobre os conteúdos de álcool e outras drogas ministradas na graduação de enfermagem no Brasil. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a situação do ensino sobre a temática, álcool e drogas, na graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES. Através de um "levantamento" descritivo, aplicado a 86 estudantes de Enfermagem. Para 95% dos estudantes, o problema do uso de álcool e drogas representa um tema de grande interesse. A inclusão desses temas no curso de enfermagem torna - se uma condição facilitadora para a atuação do enfermeiro nessa área. PALAVRAS CHAVES: Álcool; Drogas; Enfermagem; Educação

Early childhood maltreatment experience and later sexual behavior in Brazilian adults undergoing treatment for substance dependence

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of early childhood maltreatment and associations with later sexual behavior among adult substance users. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 134 substance dependents who sought outpatient care in São Paulo, Brazil. Childhood trauma prevalence was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The Sexual Addiction Screening Test (SAST), drug of choice (DOC), and sexual behavior were also investigated. Results: The sample was composed predominantly of single adult males (76.1%), with alcohol as the DOC (73.9%). Experiences of emotional neglect (88.1%), emotional abuse (80.6%), physical neglect (78.4%), physical abuse (64.2%), and sexual abuse (31.3%) were prevalent. Women were more likely to have been sexually abused (OR 2.9, 95%CI 1.15-7.61) and physically abused (OR 3.7, 95%CI 1.31-10.6) in childhood. Those who were sexually abused in adulthood were more likely to have suffered physical abuse in childhood (OR 6.9, 95%CI 1.45-11.8). The odds of having been sexually abused in childhood were higher among subjects who reported to have exchanged sexual favors for drugs (OR 5.7, 95%CI 1.35-9.64) and to have been sexually abused in adulthood (OR 6.1, 95%CI 5.2-12.36). Conclusion: Physical and sexual abuse in childhood are highly prevalent in substance-dependent adults, and are associated with sexual revictimization and high-risk sexual behavior in adulthood