Von "Müttern" und "Huren

Meine Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Konstruktion von Frauenbildern in den Spielfilmen Emir Kusturicas. Zunächst wird im Teil I dieser Arbeit durch die Auseinandersetzung mit Feministischer (Film-) Theorie ein Einblick in die verwendeten Begriffe gegeben und die theoretische Ausrichtung deutlich gemacht. Diese spiegelt (de-) konstruktivistische Annahmen zu Theorien von Geschlecht und Machtkonzeptionen wider. Danach sind im Teil II die Methodenwahl und der weitere Forschungsverlauf beschrieben. Die Methodenwahl wird daraufhin um die theoretische Fundierung ergänzt. Als nächster Schritt folgt die Durchführung der Analyse, durch Informationen zum Regisseur, der Filminhalte und der Extrahierung der einzelnen Frauenfiguren. Auf Grundlage dieser Frauenfiguren beginnt der filmanalytische Teil dieser Arbeit, der einerseits durch Sequenzprotokolle und andererseits durch Einstellungsprotokolle belegt wird. Hier folgen die Ergebnisse der einzelnen Frauenfiguren, die in Beziehung zueinander gesetzt werden. Daraus entsteht eine Typologie von Kusturicas Frauentypen. Kusturica reduziert “Weiblichkeit” auf folgende Rollenbilder: Die “Ehefrau und Mutter”, die “Hure/das Sexsymbol” und die “hysterische Frau”. Alle Frauentypen sind in ihren Rollen als passive Objekte dargestellt, die sich nicht aus ihrer Situation emanzipieren können. Kusturica kreiert damit ein Bild von der (ex-) jugoslawischen Frau, dass diese als passives Wesen deklariert. Kusturica bildet keineswegs die (ex-)jugoslawischen Frauen ab, sondern reproduziert lediglich starre, patriarchale Geschlechterpositionen. Durch die überspitzte Darstellung von “Männlichkeit” und “Weiblichkeit” reproduziert Kusturica Geschlechterdichotomie und fokussiert damit die Trennung in zwei absolute Geschlechter

Genetic predisposition to salt-sensitive normotension and its effects on salt taste perception and intake (Genetics of salt sensitivity and salt intake)

Salt sensitivity is an independent CVD and mortality risk factor, which is present in both hypertensive and normotensive populations. It is genetically determined and it may affect the relationship between salt taste perception and salt intake. The aim of this study was to explore the genetic predisposition to salt sensitivity in a young and a middle-aged adult population and its effects on salt taste perception and salt intake. The effects of Na loading on blood pressure (BP) were investigated in twenty normotensive subjects and salt sensitivity defined as the change in BP after 7 d of low-Na (51·3 mmol Na/d) and 7 d of high-Na diet (307·8 mmol Na/d). Salt taste perception was identified using the British Standards Institution sensory analysis method (BS ISO 3972:2011). Salt intake was assessed with a validated FFQ. DNA was genotyped for SNP in the SLC4A5, SCNN1B and TRPV1 genes. The subjects with AA genotype of the SLC4A5 rs7571842 exhibited the highest increase in BP (∆ systolic BP=7·75 mmHg, P=0·002, d=2·4; ∆ diastolic BP=6·25 mmHg, P=0·044, d=1·3; ∆ mean arterial pressure=6·5 mmHg, P=0·014, d=1·7). The SLC4A5 rs10177833 was associated with salt intake (P=0·037), and there was an association between salt taste perception and salt sensitivity (rs 0·551, P=0·041). In conclusion, there is a genetic predisposition to salt sensitivity and it is associated with salt taste perception. The association between salt taste perception and discretionary salt use suggests that preference for salty taste may be a driver of salt intake in a healthy population and warrants further investigation

Hydrophobic silica nanoparticles as reinforcing filler for poly (lactic acid) polymer matrix

Properties of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and its nanocomposites, with silica nanoparticles (SiO2), as filler were investigated. Neat PLA films and PLA films with different percentage of hydrophobic fumed silica nanoparticles (0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5 wt. %) were prepared by solution casting method. Several tools were used to characterize the influence of different silica content on crystalline behavior, and thermal, mechanical and barrier properties of PLA/SiO2 nanocomposites. Results from scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the nanocomposite preparation and selection of specific hydrophobic spherical nano filler provide a good dispersion of the silica nanoparticles in the PLA matrix. Addition of silica nanoparticles improved mechanical properties, the most significant improvement being observed for lowest silica content (0.2wt.%). Barrier properties were improved for all measured gases at all loadings of silica nanoparticles. The degree of crystallinity for PLA slightly increased by adding 0.2 and 0.5 wt. % of nano filler

Suppressing the use of critical raw materials in joining of AISI 304 stainless steel using activated tungsten inert gas welding

The aim of this study was to study the influence of TiO2 coating for its efficacy during the activated-tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding and to suppress the use of consumables that are rich in critical raw materials. Post-welding penetration depth, particle size distribution, microstructure, and microhardness of welded samples were assessed. Based on these results, it was found that there is no direct correlation between the weld metal surface area and the coating. The particle size in the coating, although, seemed to have played an important role, e.g., nanoparticles resulted in an increased penetration depth and depth/width (D/W) ratio as opposed to the submicron-sized particles. The most optimal welding condition resulted when a mixture of submicron-sized and nanometric-sized particles were used. It was demonstrated by the Zeta analyser results that the micron particles rub the nanoparticles due to mechanical friction resulting in smaller oxide particle formation in the coating. Finally, the presence of Marangoni convection in TIG and reversed Marangoni convection in the activated TIG (A-TIG) process were proven by means of the microstructure analysis and measurement, which were found to be positively correlated

Geo-Spatial Characteristics of 567 Places of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Infection in Southern Germany, 2018–2020

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a growing public health problem with increasing incidence and expanding risk areas. Improved prevention requires better understanding of the spatial distribution and ecological determinants of TBE transmission. However, a TBE risk map at sub-district level is still missing for Germany. We investigated the distribution and geo-spatial characteristics of 567 self-reported places of probable TBE infection (POI) from 359 cases notified in 2018–2020 in the study area of Bavaria and Baden-Wuerttemberg, compared to 41 confirmed TBE foci and 1701 random comparator places. We built an ecological niche model to interpolate TBE risk to the entire study area. POI were distributed heterogeneously at sub-district level, as predicted probabilities varied markedly across regions (range 0–93%). POI were spatially associated with abiotic, biotic, and anthropogenic geo-spatial characteristics, including summer precipitation, population density, and annual frost days. The model performed with 69% sensitivity and 63% specificity at an optimised probability threshold (0.28) and an area under the curve of 0.73. We observed high predictive probabilities in small-scale areas, consistent with the known circulation of the TBE virus in spatially restricted microfoci. Supported by further field work, our findings may help identify new TBE foci. Our fine-grained risk map could supplement targeted prevention in risk areas.Peer Reviewe

Tick-Borne Encephalitis Risk Increases with Dog Ownership, Frequent Walks, and Gardening: A Case-Control Study in Germany 2018–2020

In Germany, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) infections mainly occur in southern regions. Despite recent increases in incidence, TBE vaccination coverage remains low, necessitating additional preventive strategies against TBE. Our case-control study in Southern Germany from 2018 to 2020 mapped knowledge/application of tick-protective strategies and identified TBE risk factors. We calculated odds ratios (OR), with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We interviewed 581 cases and 975 matched controls. Most participants recalled lifetime tick bites, mainly while walking, gardening, or hiking. However, only 45% of cases noticed ticks during exposure time; another 12% reported unpasteurized milk intake. While tick-protection knowledge was satisfactory, application lagged behind. Risk factors included dog ownership (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.85–3.24), walks ≥ 4×/week (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.42–3.12), gardening ≥ 4×/week (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.11–3.02), and garden proximity < 250 m of forests (OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.82–3.56). Applying ≥2 tick-protective strategies (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.40–0.68) and keeping lawns mowed (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43–0.91) were inversely associated with TBE. In 2020 (likely pandemic-related), cases reported significantly more walks than previously, potentially explaining the record high case numbers. Our findings provide guidance on targets for TBE prevention. Persons with gardens near forests, frequent outdoor activities, or dogs could particularly benefit from targeted information, including on vaccination and preventing tick bites.Peer Reviewe

Фторидная технология получения титановых порошков

Обоснована необходимость разработки новой технологии переработки титансодержащих концентратов. Выполнено исследование процесса фторирования рутилового концентрата элементным фтором. Описаны процессы, протекающие при электролитическом получении титановых порошков во фторидных расплавах TiF4. Для отмывки от примесей катодного осадка предложено две технологии – в смеси неорганических кислот и безводным HF; показаны преимущества отмывки HF; содержание примесей в порошке титана, полученном отмывкой в безводном HF несколько ниже, чем при "кислотной" отмывке. При промышленном осуществлении процесса HF рециркулирует в схеме, обеспечивая экологическую безопасность и низкую себестоимость Ti.The brief review of industrial technologies of processing the titanium containing concentrates has been carried out. The research of the fluorination process of rutile concentrates with element fluorine was carried out. The processes occurring during the electrolysis of titanic powders from fluoride fusions, from TiF4, are described. In order to wash off impurities of cathode deposit, two techniques were proposed - in a mixture of inorganic acids and anhydrous HF; advantages of washing off with HF are shown; the impurity content in the titanium powder obtained by washing off in anhydrous HF is slightly lower than at "acid" washing off. In the industrial process implementation HF recycles tin a circuit that ensures environmental safety of production and low production cost of obtained Ti