Comportamiento productivo y reproductivo del ganado holstein rojo, holstein negro y pardo suizo en palmira, valle del cauca

En el Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario-Palmira, se evaluó el comportamiento productivo y reproductivo de 152 vacas; 26 Holstein Rojo (HR), 97 Holstein Negro (HN) y 29 vacas Pardo Suizo (PS), durante el período 1979-1987. La mayor duración de la lactancia, producción de leche y grasa (kg) la presentó la raza HN (324 días, 2545.9 ka, 91.1 kg), seguido de la HR (300 días, 2243.7,81.0 kg) y de la PS (298.2 días, 1886.6 kg, 66.9 kg). los porcentajes de grasa fueron 3.6 (HR) y 3.7010 (HN y PSI. Al tipificar la curva de lactancia, el modelo de mejor ajuste fue: y = A + B (lnt) + C (lnt)2; se observó mayor persistencia en la PS, seguida de la HR. Para el intervalo parto concepción (lPC: 169.0) y servicios por concepción (SC: 2.0) la raza PS presentó mejor desempeño reproductivo, respecto a HN (177.4 Y 2.2) Y HR (195.6 Y 2.2). La raza HR presentó el primer parto a menor edad (3.4 años) y mayor peso (470.5 kg) comparada con la HN (3.5 años y 440.1 kg) y con la PS (3.8 años y 458.1 Kg). El peso promedio al nacimiento para machos y hembras fue mayor en la PS (37.02 kg) que en la HN (36.0) Y HR (36.2). la incidencia de problemas al parto fue mayor en la raza HR (10.9%) y de problemas al puerperio en la raza PS (26.1%). No se encontraron efectos significativos de peso al parto y precipitación sobre producción de leche e IPC, ni relación entre estas variables. Se encontró relación estrecha entre IPC y SC.Three breeds of dairy cattle (26 Red Holstein RH, 97 Black Holstein BH and 29 Brown Swiss BS), were evaluated for reproductive eficiency, and milk production for the years 1979 - 1987 a t the Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario, Palmira. Days of milking, milk and fat production were for BH (324.0days, 2545.9 kg, 91.1 kg) for the RH (300.0 days, 2243.7 kg, 81.0 kg) for the BS (298.2 days, 1886.6 kg, 66.9 kg). % fat average were 3.6% in RH, 3.7 % in BH and BS. The lactation curves for the three breeds were best ajusted with the model: Y=A+B(lnt) + C(lnt)2. Larger persistaency was observed on BS followed by RH. The BS presented better reproductive efficiency than RH and BH with a mean of 169.0,177.4 and 195.6 days, calving data-conception and 2.0, 22 and 22 for number of services per conception. The HR breed had a calving age of 3.4 years and 470.5 kg of calving weight larger than 3.5 years and 440.0 kg for the BH and 3.8 years and 458.1 kg for the BS. Average weight at birth for males and females together BS showed grater weights (37.02 kq), BH and RH showed similar results (36.0 and 362 kg). The incidence of problem at birth was higher for RH (10.90/0) and puerperium problems in BS(21.60,b). Not significal effect of calving weight and rainfall on milk yield and calving date-conception. In most cases there was no correlation between milk yield and calving date-conception. There was a very narow relation between calving date- conception and number of services per conception

Protocol for the detection and nutritional management of high-output stomas

Introduction: An issue of recent research interest is excessive stoma output and its relation to electrolyte abnormalities. Some studies have identified this as a precursor of dehydration and renal dysfunction. A prospective study was performed of the complications associated with high-output stomas, to identify their causes, consequences and management.Materials and methods: This study was carried out by a multidisciplinary team of surgeons, gastroenterologists, nutritionists and hospital pharmacists. High-output stoma (HOS) was defined as output ≥1500 ml for two consecutive days. The subjects included in the study population, 43 patients with a new permanent or temporary stoma, were classified according to the time of HOS onset as early HOS (<3 weeks after initial surgery) or late HOS (≥3 weeks after surgery). Circumstances permitting, a specific protocol for response to HOS was applied. Each patient was followed up until the fourth month after surgery.Results: Early HOS was observed in 7 (16 %) of the sample population of 43 hospital patients, and late HOS, in 6 of the 37 (16 %) non-early HOS population. By type of stoma, nearly all HOS cases affected ileostomy, rather than colostomy, patients. The patients with early HOS remained in hospital for 18 days post surgery, significantly longer than those with no HOS (12 days). The protocol was applied to the majority of EHOS patients and achieved 100 % effectiveness. 50 % of readmissions were due to altered electrolyte balance. Hypomagnesaemia was observed in 33 % of the late HOS patients.Conclusion: The protocol developed at our hospital for the detection and management of HOS effectively addresses possible long-term complications arising from poor nutritional status and chronic electrolyte alteration

GestaltMatcher Database - A global reference for facial phenotypic variability in rare human diseases

The most important factor that complicates the work of dysmorphologists is the significant phenotypic variability of the human face. Next-Generation Phenotyping (NGP) tools that assist clinicians with recognizing characteristic syndromic patterns are particularly challenged when confronted with patients from populations different from their training data. To that end, we systematically analyzed the impact of genetic ancestry on facial dysmorphism. For that purpose, we established the GestaltMatcher Database (GMDB) as a reference dataset for medical images of patients with rare genetic disorders from around the world. We collected 10,980 frontal facial images - more than a quarter previously unpublished - from 8,346 patients, representing 581 rare disorders. Although the predominant ancestry is still European (67%), data from underrepresented populations have been increased considerably via global collaborations (19% Asian and 7% African). This includes previously unpublished reports for more than 40% of the African patients. The NGP analysis on this diverse dataset revealed characteristic performance differences depending on the composition of training and test sets corresponding to genetic relatedness. For clinical use of NGP, incorporating non-European patients resulted in a profound enhancement of GestaltMatcher performance. The top-5 accuracy rate increased by +11.29%. Importantly, this improvement in delineating the correct disorder from a facial portrait was achieved without decreasing the performance on European patients. By design, GMDB complies with the FAIR principles by rendering the curated medical data findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. This means GMDB can also serve as data for training and benchmarking. In summary, our study on facial dysmorphism on a global sample revealed a considerable cross ancestral phenotypic variability confounding NGP that should be counteracted by international efforts for increasing data diversity. GMDB will serve as a vital reference database for clinicians and a transparent training set for advancing NGP technology.</p

Border Crossing for Trucks Twenty Three Years after NAFTA

Despite the liberalization achieved by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and substantial investments in infrastructure, technology, and equipment, significant barriers to efficient truck transport remain between the United States and Mexico. We present the practical and economic implications of changes to the NAFTA border crossing system put in place after the terrorist events of September 11, 2001. Security measures have “thickened” NAFTA’s borders, increasing costs and delays associated with border crossings. These measures have a global impact on the logistics chain, since they are applied to all countries that source goods to the United States. We review literature on costs and impacts of border delays due to enhanced security and build on our earlier research on these institutional peculiarities and their impacts of the US-Canada- Mexico border crossing system. We discuss procedures used today and note changes to border processing since our earlier work. Based on interviews and review of the literature, we present the institutional context in which barriers exist and border authorities’ rationale for establishing new barriers or continuing of pre-existing ones. Based on this information and the time and costs associated with cross-border freight movements, we estimate the welfare effect of these measures on the NAFTA economies in a CGE framework. Our counterfactual assumes the implementation of a “seamless freight flow” system similar to Europe’s Transport International Routier (TIR) system, and calculates the time and cost differentials between such a system and the status quo. We estimate net annual welfare gains for the NAFTA countries accruing from the streamlining of the U.S.-Mexican brokerage system and find that NAFTA-wide annual welfare could rise by $7.5 billion. Extending the simulation to include streamlining intra-NAFTA security-related delays could add an additional$14.7–28.6 billion to annual welfare across the region

Propagation of slow waves in the guinea-pig gastric antrum

Intracellular recordings were made from the circular layer of the intact muscular wall of the guinea-pig gastric antrum in preparations where much of the corpus remained attached. When two electrodes were positioned parallel to and near to the greater curvature, slow waves were first detected at the oral site and subsequently at the anal site: The oro-anal conduction velocity was found to be 2.5mm s-1M. When one electrode was positioned near the greater curvature and the other at a circumferential location, slow waves were first detected near the greater curvature and subsequently at the circumferential site: The circumferential conduction velocity was 13.9mm s-1. When recordings were made from preparations in which the circular muscle layer had been removed, the oro-anal and the circumferential conduction velocities were both about 3.5mm s-1. When slow waves were recorded from preparations in which much of the myenteric network of antral interstitial cells (ICCMY) had been dissected away, slow waves were first detected near the region of intact ICCMY and subsequently at a circumferential location: The circumferential conduction velocity of slow waves in regions devoid of ICCMY was 14.7mm s-1. When the electrical properties of isolated single bundles of circular muscle were determined, their length constants were about 3mm and their time constant about 230 ms, giving an asymptotic electrotonic propagation velocity of 25mm s-1. Oro-anal electrical coupling between adjacent bundles of circular muscle was found to vary widely: some bundles were well connected to neighbouring bundles whereas others were not. Together the observations suggest that the slow oro-anal progression of slow waves results from a slow conduction velocity of pacemaker potentials in the myenteric network of interstitial cells. The rapid circumferential conduction of slow waves results from the electrical properties of the circular muscle layer which allow intramuscular ICC (ICCIM) to support the radial spread of slow waves: regions of high resistance between bundles prevent the anally directed spread of slow waves within the circular layer

Un programa que nació haciéndose preguntas: sistematización de la Universidad de los niños EAFIT

En la Universidad de los niños EAFIT, desde el año 2013, se ha procurado mantener vivo el ejercicio investigativo con el fin de comprender la manera en que el programa se lleva a cabo y el impacto que produce en sus participantes. Durante el año 2016, se desarrolló un proyecto de investigación con el propósito de generar una reflexión crítica acerca de la propuesta metodológica del programa y construir unos lineamientos que permitan replicar un programa de comunicación de la ciencia. El método para realizar la investigación fue la sistematización de prácticas pedagógicas que, inscrita dentro del enfoque cualitativo y el paradigma crítico social, ofreció la posibilidad de analizar tanto las voces de los participantes como los documentos teóricos y metodológicos producidos por el equipo del programa en los últimos 10 años. El resultado fue entonces la reconstrucción de las prácticas realizadas por la Universidad de los niños EAFIT en cada una de sus etapas: Encuentros con la pregunta, Expediciones al conocimiento y Proyectos de ciencia; a partir de los hallazgos en cuanto a las características de sus actividades, reglas y principios pedagógicos, referentes conceptuales, intencionalidades, percepción sobre sus participantes y contexto histórico. Dichos hallazgos, junto con los lineamientos metodológicos surgidos a partir de ellos, son los que se presentarán en este trabajo