Estimation par géostatistique de la température moyenne de l'aquifère du Dogger (Bassin parisien) / Geostatistical estimation of the Middle Jurassic water level temperature

Zur Beschreibung des Temperaturfeldes wird eine geostatistische Methode benützt. Nach einer kurzen Beschreibung der theorestischen Grundlagen werden Temperaturefeldkarte des wasserführenden Dogger im Pariser Becken und eine Karte der Falscheinschätzungen der veränderlichen Grösse vorgelegt. Die Erkennung der fehlerhaften Abweichung unterstreicht die Vorteilhaftigheit dieser Methode.A geostatistical method is applied to define the temperature field's distribution. After a rapid theoretical presentation, the results are given as a map of temperature distribution for the Middle Jurassic water level (Paris basin) and a map of the kriging standard deviation. The estimated standard deviation is the most interesting part of the method.Les techniques de la géostatistique sont appliquées, en géothermie, à la modélisation du champ de température. Après un bref rappel de la méthode, les résultats obtenus sont présentés sous forme d'une carte d'estimation de la température moyenne de l'aquifère du Dogger (Bassin parisien) et d'une carte des erreurs sur l'estimation de la variable, en tout point. La connaissance de l'erreur possible sur la variable souligne l'intérêt de la méthode.Watremez Pierre, Gable Robert, Coleno Bernadette. Estimation par géostatistique de la température moyenne de l'aquifère du Dogger (Bassin parisien) / Geostatistical estimation of the Middle Jurassic water level temperature. In: Sciences Géologiques. Bulletin, tome 37, n°3, 1984. Informatique et modélisation en géologie et géochimie. pp. 213-219

Reproducibility of clinical events adjudications in a trial of venous thromboembolism prevention.

Essentials The reproducibility of Clinical Events Committee (CEC) adjudications is almost unexplored. A random selection of events from a venous thromboembolism trial was blindly re-adjudicated. 'Unexplained sudden deaths' (possible fatal embolism) explained most discordant adjudications. A precise definition for CEC adjudication of this type of events is needed and proposed. SUMMARY: Background When clinical trials use clinical endpoints, establishing independent Clinical Events Committees (CECs) is recommended to homogenize the interpretation of investigators' data. However, the reproducibility of CEC adjudications is almost unexplored. Objectives To assess the reproducibility of CEC adjudications in a trial of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention. Methods The PREVENU trial, a multicenter trial of VTE prevention, included 15 351 hospitalized medical patients. The primary endpoint was the composite of symptomatic VTE, major bleeding or unexplained sudden death (interpreted as possible fatal pulmonary embolism [PE]) at 3 months. The CEC comprised a chairman and four pairs of adjudicators. Of 2970 adjudicated clinical events, a random selection of 179 events (121 deaths, 40 bleeding events, and 18 VTE events) was blindly resubmitted to the CEC. Kappa values and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to measure adjudication agreement. Results Overall, 18 of 179 (10.1%, 95% CI 6.5-15.3%) adjudications proved discordant. Agreement for the PREVENU composite primary endpoint was good (kappa = 0.73, 95% CI 0.61-0.85). When analyzed separately, agreements were very good for non-fatal VTE events (1, 95% CI not applicable), moderate for all (fatal and non-fatal) VTE events (0.58, 95% CI 0.34-0.82), good for fatal and non-fatal major bleeding events (0.71, 95% CI 0.55-0.88), and moderate for all fatal events (0.60, 95% CI 0.40-0.81). Unexplained sudden death interpreted as possible fatal PE was responsible for nine of 18 (50%) discordant adjudications. Conclusion The reproducibility of CEC adjudications was good or very good for non-fatal VTE and bleeding events, but insufficient for VTE-related deaths, for which more precise and widely accepted definitions are needed

TORC1 Inhibits GSK3-Mediated Elo2 Phosphorylation to Regulate Very Long Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis and Autophagy

Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are essential fatty acids with multiple functions, including ceramide synthesis. Although the components of the VLCFA biosynthetic machinery have been elucidated, how their activity is regulated to meet the cell’s metabolic demand remains unknown. The goal of this study was to identify mechanisms that regulate the rate of VLCFA synthesis, and we discovered that the fatty acid elongase Elo2 is regulated by phosphorylation. Elo2 phosphorylation is induced upon inhibition of TORC1 and requires GSK3. Expression of nonphosphorylatable Elo2 profoundly alters the ceramide spectrum, reflecting aberrant VLCFA synthesis. Furthermore, VLCFA depletion results in constitutive activation of autophagy, which requires sphingoid base phosphorylation. This constitutive activation of autophagy diminishes cell survival, indicating that VLCFAs serve to dampen the amplitude of autophagy. Together, our data reveal a function for TORC1 and GSK3 in the regulation of VLCFA synthesis that has important implications for autophagy and cell homeostasis

Pulmonary embolism rule-out criteria (PERC) rule in European patients with low implicit clinical probability (PERCEPIC): a multicentre, prospective, observational study

International audienc