79 research outputs found
Advanced Genetic Studies on Powdery Mildew Resistance in TGR-1551
[EN] Cucurbits powdery mildew (CPM) is one of the main limiting factors of melon cultivation worldwide. Resistance to races 1, 2, and 5 has been reported in the African accession TGR-1551, whose resistance is controlled by a dominant-recessive epistasis. The dominant and recessive quantitative trail loci (QTL) have previously been located in chromosomes 5 and 12, respectively. We used several densely genotyped BC3 families derived from the cross between TGR-1551 and the susceptible cultivar 'Bola de Oro' to finely map these resistance regions. The further phenotyping and genotyping of the selected BC5, BC5S1, BC5S2, BC4S1, BC(4)xPS, and (BC(4)xPS) S-1 offspring allowed for the narrowing of the candidate intervals to a 250 and 381 kb region in chromosomes 5 and 12, respectively. Moreover, the temperature effect over the resistance provided by the dominant gene has been confirmed. High resolution melting markers (HRM) were tightly linked to both resistance regions and will be useful in marker-assisted selection programs. Candidate R genes with variants between parents that caused a potential modifier impact on the protein function were identified within both intervals. These candidate genes provide targets for future functional analyses to better understand the resistance to powdery mildew in melons.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033), grant number PID2020-116055RB (C21 and C22), and by the Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esports de la Generalitat Valenciana, grant number PROMETEO/2021/072 (to promote excellence groups, cofinanced with FEDER funds). M.L. is a recipient of a predoctoral fellowship (PRE2018-083466) of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades co-financed with FSE funds.López-Martín, M.; Pérez De Castro, AM.; Picó Sirvent, MB.; Gómez-Guillamon, ML. (2022). Advanced Genetic Studies on Powdery Mildew Resistance in TGR-1551. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 23(20):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012553119232
Marcadores basados en restricción e hibridación: RFLPs (Restriction Fragment Lenght Polymorphisms)
En este artículo docente se describen los marcadores RFLPs (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms o polimorfismos en la longitud de fragmentos de restricción). Se detallan los pasos a seguir para la identificación de polimorfismos mediante este tipo de marcadores, así como las causas de polimorfismo. Además, se justifican sus principales ventajas e inconvenientes.Pérez De Castro, AM.; Picó Sirvent, MB. (2014). Marcadores basados en restricción e hibridación: RFLPs (Restriction Fragment Lenght Polymorphisms). http://hdl.handle.net/10251/3835
Marcadores moleculares basados en PCR: Marcadores RAPD
Los marcadores RAPD se han utilizado con éxito en diversas especies con fines de mejora animal o vegetal y para el análisis de poblaciones de microorganismos. En este artículo se incluye una breve revisión teórica y una explicación práctica detallada del procedimiento. Con la explicación planteada se pretende facilitar el aprendizaje de este sistema de marcadores al alumno de Ciencias de la vida (Agronomía, Biología, Veterinaria, Medio ambiente, Biotecnología..), tanto a nivel teórico como práctico.Picó Sirvent, MB.; Pérez De Castro, AM. (2012). Marcadores moleculares basados en PCR: Marcadores RAPD (Random amplified polymorphic DNA). http://hdl.handle.net/10251/1704
Effectiveness of an Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Weaning Protocol
Objective: to know the effectiveness of the process of disconnection of invasive mechanical ventilation through the implementation of a standardized protocol led by the nursing team of a surgical Intensive Care Unit and implemented in a multidisciplinary way to reduce the ventilatory time of patients facing to the traditional clinical method of weaning. Method: case-control study. 91 patients who required invasive mechanical ventilation for 24 hours or more were included and a group with the application of the standardized protocol was compared with the group that followed the usual clinical method. Results: with the application of the standardized protocol, it was possible to reduce the time of invasive mechanical ventilation (85.29 ± 46.72 vs 116.92 ± 94.39); the time spent at weaning (2.40 ± 1.43 vs 41.250± 51.60) and the reintubation figures (2% vs 17%). Conclusion: the use of disconnection protocols carried out in a multidisciplinary way is a useful tool to reduce invasive mechanical ventilation times and achieve improvements in the patient’s health
Resistance in melon to Monosporascus cannonballus and M. eutypoides ; fungal pathogens associated with Monosporascus root rot and vine decline
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Castro, G, Perpiñá, G, Esteras, C, Armengol, J, Picó, B, Pérez-de-Castro, A. Resistance in melon to Monosporascus cannonballus and M. eutypoides: Fungal pathogens associated with Monosporascus root rot and vine decline. Ann Appl Biol. 2020; 177: 101¿ 111, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12590. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] The fungal species Monosporascus cannonballus and M. eutypoides have been described as the causal agents of Monosporascus root rot and vine decline disease (MRRVD), which mainly affects melon and watermelon crops. Resistance to M. cannonballus has been reported in some melon cultivars (ssp. melo). Moreover, melon ssp. agrestis accessions have proven to be better resistance sources. This is the case of the Korean accession 'Pat 81', highly resistant under field and artificial inoculation. The objective of the work here presented was the evaluation of the resistance to MRRVD of different accessions representing the variability of Cucumis melo ssp. agrestis, against both, M. cannonballus and M. eutypoides, in a multiyear assay under different infection conditions. In general, M. eutypoides was less aggressive than M. cannonballus in the different environmental conditions. There was a strong influence of temperature on MRRVD, with more severe symptoms with higher temperatures and with variable effect of infection on plant development depending on the fungal species considered. Resistance to MRRVD has been confirmed in 'Pat 81' and in its derived F1 with a susceptible Piel de Sapo melon. Among the new germplasm explored, African accessions (both wild agrestis and exotic cultivated acidulus) showed good performance in artificial inoculation assays and in field conditions. These sources do not present compatibility problems with commercial melons, so they can be introduced in backcrossing programs. The accession assayed of the wild relative Cucumis metuliferus, also resistant to Fusarium wilt and to root-knot nematode, was highly resistant to MRRVD. The interest of this accession mainly relies in its advantages as a rootstock for melon.Generalitat Valenciana, Grant/Award Number: PROMETEO2017/078; Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Grant/Award Number: AGL2014-53398-C2-2-R; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Grant/Award Number: AGL2017-85563-C2-1-RCastro, G.; Perpiña Martin, G.; Esteras Gómez, C.; Armengol Fortí, J.; Picó Sirvent, MB.; Pérez De Castro, AM. (2020). Resistance in melon to Monosporascus cannonballus and M. eutypoides ; fungal pathogens associated with Monosporascus root rot and vine decline. Annals of Applied Biology. 177(1):101-111. https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12590S1011111771Aegerter, B. J., Gordon, T. R., & Davis, R. M. (2000). Occurrence and Pathogenicity of Fungi Associated with Melon Root Rot and Vine Decline in California. Plant Disease, 84(3), 224-230. doi:10.1094/pdis.2000.84.3.224Salem, I. B., Correia, K. C., Boughalleb, N., Michereff, S. J., León, M., Abad-Campos, P., … Armengol, J. (2013). Monosporascus eutypoides, a Cause of Root Rot and Vine Decline in Tunisia, and Evidence that M. cannonballus and M. eutypoides Are Distinct Species. Plant Disease, 97(6), 737-743. doi:10.1094/pdis-05-12-0464-reBiernacki, M., & Bruton, B. D. (2001). Quantitative Response of Cucumis melo Inoculated with Root Rot Pathogens. Plant Disease, 85(1), 65-70. doi:10.1094/pdis.2001.85.1.65Chew-Madinaveitia, Y. 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Fine mapping of wmv1551, a resistance gene to Watermelon mosaic virus in melon
[EN] Recessive resistance to Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) in melon has previously been reported in the African accession TGR-1551. Using a population of recombinant inbred lines (RIL), derived from a cross between TGR-1551 and the susceptible Spanish cultivar Bola de Oro' (BO), a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling the resistance was previously mapped to a region of approximately 760kb in chromosome 11. Minor QTLs were also reported with lower effects, dependent on the environmental conditions. A genotyping by sequencing (GBS) analysis of the RIL population has provided new information that allowed the better location of the major QTL in chromosome 11. Moreover, three minor QTLs in chromosomes 4, 5, and 6 were identified. Generations derived from the RIL population were subsequently phenotyped for resistance and genotyped with SNP markers to fine map the resistance derived from TGR-1551. The results obtained have allowed to narrow the position of the resistance gene on chromosome 11, designated as wmv(1551), to a 141-kb region, and the confirmation of a minor QTL in chromosome 5. The effect of the minor QTL in chromosome 5 was significant in heterozygote plants for the introgression in chromosome 11. The SNP markers linked to both QTLs will be useful in breeding programs aimed at the introgression of WMV resistance derived from TGR-1551. Future work will be directed to identifying the resistance gene, wmv(1551), in the candidate region on chromosome 11.This study was partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad grants AGL2014-53398-C2 (1-R and 2-R), by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades grants AGL2017-85563-C2 (1-R and 2-R) and BIO2017-83184-R, and by the PROMETEO project 2017/078 (to promote excellence groups) by the Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esports (Generalitat Valenciana).Pérez De Castro, AM.; Esteras Gómez, C.; Alfaro Fernández, AO.; Daròs, J.; Monforte Gilabert, AJ.; Picó Sirvent, MB.; Gómez-Guillamón, ML. (2019). Fine mapping of wmv1551, a resistance gene to Watermelon mosaic virus in melon. 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A Watermelon mosaic virus clone tagged with the yellow visual maker phytoene synthase facilitates scoring infectivity in melon breeding programs
This research was supported by grants BIO2014 54269-R, AGL2014 53398-C2 2-R, BIO2017 83184-R, and AGL2017 85563-C2 1-R from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (co-financed FEDER funds)Aragones, V.; Pérez De Castro, AM.; Cordero, T.; Cebolla Cornejo, J.; López Del Rincón, C.; Picó Sirvent, MB.; Daros Arnau, JA. (2019). A Watermelon mosaic virus clone tagged with the yellow visual maker phytoene synthase facilitates scoring infectivity in melon breeding programs. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 153:317-323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-018-01621-xS317323153Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W., & Lipman, D. J. (1990). Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology, 215(3), 403–410.Azevedo-Meleiro, C. H., & Rodriguez-Amaya, D. B. (2007). Qualitative and quantitative differences in carotenoid composition among Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita maxima, and Cucurbita pepo. 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Brazilian melon landraces resistant to Podosphaera xanthii are unique germplasm resources
"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [FULL CITE], which has been published in final form at [Link to final article using the DOI]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] Podosphaera xanthii is the most important causal agent of powdery mildew
in melon, a crop ranked within the most economically important species
worldwide. The best strategy to face this fungus disease, which causes important
production losses, is the development of genetically resistant cultivars. Genetic
breeding programmes require sources of resistance, and a few ones have
been reported in melon, mostly in Momordica and Acidulus horticultural
groups. However, the existence of many races that reduces the durability of
the resistance makes necessary to find new resistant genotypes with different
genetic backgrounds.
In this work, Brazilian germplasm, together with a set of Indian landraces,
and the COMAV¿s (Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural
Biodiversity) melon core collection, representing the whole variability of the
species, were assessed for resistance against some common races in Spain and
Brazil and genotyped with a 123-SNP (single nucleotide polymorphisms) genotyping
platform to study the molecular relationships of the resistant accessions.
In the first experiment, carried out in Valencia (Spain) in 2013, seventy-nine
melon accessions were evaluated using artificial inoculation. Five accessions
selected as resistant were also evaluated against races 1, 3, and 5 in Mossoró
(Brazil, 2015) and against race 3.5 in Valencia (2016) under greenhouse conditions,
and under four field conditions in Brazil. The accessions, AL-1, BA-3,
CE-3, and RN-2, within the Brazilian collection, presented resistance against
all the races of P. xanthii assayed in all conditions tested. AL-1, CE-3 and RN-2
were molecularly more similar to wild agrestis and Acidulus melons from Asia
and Africa, while BA-3 grouped with Momordica types. Molecular analysis also
confirmed that these new Brazilian sources of resistance differ from those previously
reported, constituting interesting materials to encourage genetic breeding
programmes, especially in Brazil and Spain.This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq ( Processes: 485739/2013-5; 312315/2013-9) and CAPES-DPGU (294/2013) and by the projects funded by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad AGL2014-53398-C2-1-R and AGL2014-53398-C2-2-R (jointly funded by FEDER). We also thank Sakata Seed Sudamerica Ltda for the inoculum source for the different P. xanthii races employed.Nunes, EWLP.; Esteras Gómez, C.; Ricarte, AO.; Martínez-Pérez, EM.; Gómez-Guillamon, ML.; Nunes, GHS.; Picó Sirvent, MB. (2017). Brazilian melon landraces resistant to Podosphaera xanthii are unique germplasm resources. Annals of Applied Biology. 171(2):214-228. https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12370S214228171
Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein as early markers of anastomotic leak after laparoscopic colorectal surgery within an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program
Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) have been described as good predictors of anastomotic leak after colorectal surgery, obtaining the highest diagnostic accuracy on the 5th postoperative day. However, if an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program is performed, early predictors are needed in order to ensure a safe and early discharge. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of CRP, PCT, and white blood cell (WBC) count determined on first postoperative days, in predicting septic complications, especially anastomotic leak, after laparoscopic colorectal surgery performed within an ERAS program.
Methods: We conducted a prospective study including 134 patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery within an ERAS program between 2015 and 2017. The primary endpoint investigated was anastomotic leak. CRP, PCT, and WBC count were determined in the blood sample extracted on postoperative day 1 (POD 1), POD 2 and POD 3.
Results: Anastomotic leak (AL) was detected in 6 patients (4.5%). Serum levels of CRP and PCT, but not WBC, determined on POD 1, POD 2, and POD 3 were significantly higher in patients who had AL in the postoperative course. Using ROC analysis, the best AUC of the CRP and PCT levels was on POD 3 (0.837 and 0.947, respectively). A CRP cutoff level at 163 mg/l yielded 85% sensitivity, 80% specificity, and 99% negative predictive value (NPV). A PCT cutoff level at 2.5 ng/ml achieved 85% sensitivity, 95% specificity, 44% positive predictive value, and 99% NPV.
Conclusions: CRP and PCT are relevant markers for detecting postoperative AL after laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Furthermore, they can ensure an early discharge with a low probability of AL when an ERAS program is performed
Diminuição do tempo ventilatório mediante protocolo de desconexão multidisciplinar. Estudo piloto
Objective: compare ventilatory time between patients with the application of a disconnection protocol, managed in a coordinated way between doctor and nurse, with patients managed exclusively by the doctor. Method: experimental pilot study before and after. Twenty-five patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for 24 hours or more were included, and the protocol-guided group was compared with the protocol-free group managed according to usual practice. Results: by means of the multidisciplinary protocol, the time of invasive mechanical ventilation was reduced (141.94 ± 114.50 vs 113.18 ± 55.14; overall decrease of almost 29 hours), the time spent on weaning (24 hours vs 7.40 hours) and the numbers of reintubation (13% vs 0%) in comparison with the group in which the nurse did not participate. The time to weaning was shorter in the retrospective cohort (2 days vs. 5 days), as was the hospital stay (7 days vs. 9 days). Conclusion: the use of a multidisciplinary protocol reduces the duration of weaning, the total time of invasive mechanical ventilation and reintubations. The more active role of the nurse is a fundamental tool to obtain better results.Objetivo: comparar el tiempo ventilatorio entre pacientes sometidos a desconexión según un protocolo manejado de forma coordinada por el médico y la enfermera con el mismo tiempo en pacientes manejados exclusivamente por el médico. Método: estudio piloto experimental antes y después. Se incluyeron a 25 pacientes que requirieron ventilación mecánica invasiva durante 24 horas o más, y se comparó el grupo orientado por protocolo con el grupo sin protocolo, manejado según la práctica habitual. Resultados: mediante el protocolo multidisciplinar se logró disminuir el tiempo de ventilación mecánica invasiva (141,94 ± 114,50 vs. 113,18 ± 55,14; disminución global de casi 29 horas), el tiempo empleado en el destete (24 horas vs. 7,40 horas) y las cifras de reintubación (13 % vs. 0%) en comparación con el grupo en el que no participó la enfermera. El tiempo hasta iniciar el destete fue menor en la cohorte retrospectiva (2 días vs. 5 días), así como también la estancia hospitalaria (7 días vs. 9 días). Conclusión: la adopción de un protocolo multidisciplinar disminuye la duración del destete, el tiempo total de ventilación mecánica invasiva y las reintubaciones. El papel más activo de la enfermera se considera una herramienta fundamental para obtener mejoras en los resultados.Objetivo: comparar o tempo ventilatório em pacientes submetidos a desconexão segundo um protocolo conduzido de forma coordenada pelo médico e pela enfermeira com o mesmo tempo em pacientes tratados exclusivamente pelo médico. Método: estudo piloto experimental antes e depois. Foram incluídos 25 pacientes que precisaram de ventilação mecânica invasiva durante 24 horas ou mais, e o grupo orientado por protocolo foi comparado com o grupo sem protocolo, tratado conforme a prática habitual. Resultados: mediante o protocolo multidisciplinar, conseguiu-se reduzir o tempo de ventilação mecânica invasiva (141,94 ± 114,50 vs. 113,18 ± 55,14; redução global de quase 29 horas), o tempo empregado no desmame (24 horas vs. 7,40 horas) e as cifras de reintubação (13% vs. 0%) em comparação com o grupo em que não houve participação da enfermeira. O tempo até iniciar o desmame foi menor na coorte retrospectiva (2 dias vs. 5 dias), bem como a internação hospitalar (7 dias vs. 9 dias). Conclusão: a adoção de um protocolo multidisciplinar diminui a duração do desmame, o tempo total de ventilação mecânica invasiva e as reintubações. O papel mais ativo da enfermeira é considerado uma ferramenta fundamental para obter melhorias nos resultados
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