286 research outputs found
ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΡΠ° Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ
The treatment planning process includes a review of the radiation treatment plan which leads to a decision on the patientΚΌs treatment technique. The scope of this study was to create a mathematical model for calculating of a radiation therapy session duration during the pre-radiation planning stage.For dosimetric planning of radiation treatment the authors provided a formula and an algorithm for determining of a patientΚΌs irradiation session duration. Radiation therapy session parameters such as radiation technique, number of monitor units, characteristics of radiotherapy equipment, number of radiation fields, radiation field parameters (angles of rotation of the radiotherapy coach, collimator, gantry), presenceβ/βabsence of dose-modulating devices, dose rate, and duration of patient position verification procedures have all been taken into account during the development of software. The developed application explains how to define typical timing characteristics for various items as well as how to select a template from a built-in drop-down menu. If the dosimetric plan does not match for one of the templates, the program provides a space for defining of all parameters manually.The anticipated deviations of the true indicators from the expected indicators of the duration of the radiation therapy session were assessed. A total of 300 cases have been completely measured, with 100 cases studied for each irradiation technique (IMRT, VMAT, 3D). The maximum detection confidence value for the 3DCRT irradiation technique is 2.3 %, while the deviation for the IMRT and VMAT irradiation techniques is less than 1 %. The magnitude and degree of the deviation of the measured value from the expected one for a variety of characteristics and features have been revealed to depend on the actions of the personnel.The program developed allows medical physicists to analyze the timing parameters of the specified dosimetric planning methodologies directly on the treatment planning workstation. Evaluation of the duration of a radiation therapy session during the treatment planning stage, selection of various radiation treatment modalities, and consideration of the characteristics of the radiation session in each clinical case are available for analysis and further justified action.Β ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΡΠ° Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ.ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»Π° ΠΈ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΡΠ° Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ: ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (ΡΠ³Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π° Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°), Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅/ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ², ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. Π ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΡΡΡΠΌ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ°. Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° Π²ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ.ΠΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΡΠ° Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ 300 ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π²: ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ 100 ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (IMRT, VMAT, 3D). ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ 2,3 % Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ 3DCRT, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ IMRT ΠΈ VMAT ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 1 %. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π°, ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ.Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΡΠ° Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅.
Advances in Engineering and Application of Optogenetic Indicators for Neuroscience
Our ability to investigate the brain is limited by available technologies that can record biological processes in vivo with suitable spatiotemporal resolution. Advances in optogenetics now enable optical recording and perturbation of central physiological processes within the intact brains of model organisms. By monitoring key signaling molecules noninvasively, we can better appreciate how information is processed and integrated within intact circuits. In this review, we describe recent efforts engineering genetically-encoded fluorescence indicators to monitor neuronal activity. We summarize recent advances of sensors for calcium, potassium, voltage, and select neurotransmitters, focusing on their molecular design, properties, and current limitations. We also highlight impressive applications of these sensors in neuroscience research. We adopt the view that advances in sensor engineering will yield enduring insights on systems neuroscience. Neuroscientists are eager to adopt suitable tools for imaging neural activity in vivo, making this a golden age for engineering optogenetic indicators. Keywords: optogenetic tools; neuroscience; calcium sensor; voltage sensor; neurotransmitter
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΡΠ° Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°-ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²
One of the main factors affecting the effectiveness of radiation therapy is the constancy of the patientβs position on the treatment table created by immobilization devices of various designs and held throughout the entire irradiation procedure, which guarantees the accuracy of the delivery of the prescribed dose distribution. The purpose of the work was to establish the numerical values of the dominant components of a radiation therapy session for each of the irradiation techniques most commonly used in clinical practice of the radiation therapy.To determine the numerical values of the components of the radiation therapy session, the authors have measured each component for some clinical cases of patientsβ irradiation placed. The patients had been diagnosed with the following malignant tumours: prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, head and neck tumours. More than 2000 individual measurements have been carried out with the help of such medical linear accelerators as "Clinac", "Unique", "Truebeam", and the gamma-therapeutic apparatus named "Theratron".The numerical values of the time spent on 3 groups of parameters of an irradiation session were established: the mechanical parameters of the radiation therapy equipment, the functional characteristics of the irradiation systems and the parameters that directly depend on the personnel involved in an irradiation procedure.According to the measurement results, the flow diagram for the procedures of verifying a patientβs position on the therapeutic table (2 different techniques), preceding their irradiation and the radiation therapy procedures themselves was proposed. It has been shown that a number of session components can run in parallel to each other thus optimizing the time spent by a patient in the treatment room.Using the obtained values of the time spent on the radiation session parameters it is possible to actualize the mathematical model that will allow the medical physicist to determine in advance the duration of the irradiation session at the stage of treatment planning and choose a radiation therapy technique taking into account the individual parameters of the irradiation session in each particular clinical case.ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΡΠ° Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ.ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΡΠ° Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ: ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΈ (Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 2000 ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ), ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ: Β«ClinacΒ», Β«UniqueΒ», Β«TruebeamΒ», Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°-ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Β«TheratronΒ».Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ 3-Ρ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π°, ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊ-ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ (Π΄Π²Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ), ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Ρ, Π·Π° ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎ.Π‘ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΡ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅
ΠΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ
The effectiveness of the use of modern technologies and methods of radiation treatment depends on the means of quality control of the operational parameters of the radiotherapy equipment. The development of technical means for verification of the radiation therapy plan, allowing accurate assessment of the three-dimensional dose distribution in the target, is a priority task when introducing innovative methods of radiation treatment. The aim of the work is to develop tools for assessing the three-dimensional dose distribution of radiation therapy plans with intensity modulation using the magnitude of the absolute radiation dose. The authors analyzed the existing technical means and methods for verifying radiation therapy plans on medical linear electron accelerators, and also identified their shortcomings. It is shown that these techniques for verifying the three-dimensional dose distribution do not give an accurate idea of the absolute values of the radiation dose in the target. A system and a method are proposed that allows improving the accuracy of the verification of the radiation therapy plan by using the obtained cross-calibration coefficient determined taking into account the value of the radiation output of the medical linear accelerator immediately at the time of the implementation of both this procedure and the radiation therapy session, as well as a method for verifying the plan radiation therapy with their use.ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, Π·Π°ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ± Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΡΠ° Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
Near-Infrared Light-Controlled Gene Expression and Protein Targeting in Neurons and Non-neuronal Cells
Near-infrared (NIR) light-inducible binding of bacterial phytochrome BphP1 to its engineered partner, QPAS1, is used for optical protein regulation in mammalian cells. However, there are no data on the application of the BphP1-QPAS1 pair in cells derived from various mammalian tissues. Here, we tested the functionality of two BphP1-QPAS1-based optogenetic toolsan NIR- and blue-light-sensing system for control of protein localization (iRIS) and an NIR light-sensing system for transcription activation (TA)in several cell types, including cortical neurons. We found that the performance of these optogenetic tools often relied on physiological properties of a specific cell type, such as nuclear transport, which could limit the applicability of the blue-light-sensitive component of iRIS. In contrast, the NIR-light-sensing component of iRIS performed well in all tested cell types. The TA system showed the best performance in cervical cancer (HeLa), bone cancer (U-2 OS), and human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells. The small size of the QPAS1 component allowed the design of adeno-associated virus (AAV) particles, which were applied to deliver the TA system to neurons.Peer reviewe
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΠΠ’-ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²
The description of the original phantom design for assessing the quantitative characteristics of PET images in the study of dynamic objects is given. The phantom movement is controlled by the breath synchronization system, which records the phantom movement amplitude and the duration of the movement cycle. A curve was obtained that simulates human breathing, the parameters of which (amplitude and period) correspond to those obtained in the study of the chest. The values of the ecovery coefficients and contrast are obtained taking into account the sizes of the spheres, as well as the static and dynamic types of movement of phantoms. An assessment of the discrepancy between the recovery coefficients and the contrast values for the spheres installed inside the phantom in the static and dynamic states has been made. With a decrease in the diameter (respectively, and volume) of the sphere, an increase in the difference in values (between the static and dynamic positions of the phantom) of the recovery coefficient is observed. The optimal values of the recovery coefficients obtained using the QClear reconstruction algorithm have been determined. Recommendations for the use of the developed device in the study of dynamic objects are described. It is advisable to use the installation presented in this work to control the quality of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of diagnostic images obtained both on PET/CT scanners and during studies using SPECT/CT (single-photon emission tomograph combined with a computed tomograph).ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΠΠ’-ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ, ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ (Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄), ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ
. Π‘ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° (ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°) ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ (ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°) ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ° QClear. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΠΠ’/ΠΠ’ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠ€ΠΠΠ’/ΠΠ’ (ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ)
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Due to the rapid development and further improvement of radiation treatment technologies oncologists have an opportunity to precisely deliver individual dose distributions to the tumor, minimizing the doses obtained by critical organs and healthy structures. For the correct and successful application of these complex methods of radiation therapy, it was necessary to enforce the requirements for the technical and dosimetric parameters of the radiotherapy equipment. The purpose of the research is to determine the magnitude of the possible error for patientsβ positioning during their radiotherapy treatments using medical linear accelerators by modeling the impact of the patientβs body on the treatment couch. To determine the values of a possible error, the authors have considered the design and characteristics of a typical treatment couch, developed a model of the βaverageβ patientβs body (phantom), which allowed changing the load to the treatment couch with a step of 1 kg. The position parameters of treatment couches were determined for the main types of localization of radiation therapy for malignant tumors: head and neck tumors, breast tumors and pelvic tumors. Numerical values of the treatment coach deviations from prescribed horizontal position were experimentally established for a load from 40 to 180 kg for a treatment couch used at the N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre of Belarus. Based on the obtained experimental data, the necessity to correct the patient's treatment conditions at the stage of treatment planning were confirmed in order to ensure the delivery accuracy of individual dose distributions as required by the radiation therapy protocols. Authors stated that an analysis of the dependence of the deviations in the dose delivered to the patients on the deviation of the radiotherapy table from its horizontal position should be carried out for each radiotherapy table used in clinical practice. The development and implementation of a mechanism that will allow considering this information when choosing the parameters of the patientβs treatment session and prescribing the dose for any localization of malignant neoplasms is needed.Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ β ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Ρ, Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ². Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ» (Π Π’Π‘). ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π Π’Π‘, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Β«ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΒ» ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ (Π’Π) Π Π’Π‘ Ρ ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠΌ 1 ΠΊΠ³. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π’Π Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ: ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π°. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π’Π Π² ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΡ 40 Π΄ΠΎ 180 ΠΊΠ³ Π΄Π»Ρ Π’Π, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² Π ΠΠΠ¦ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌ. Π.Π. ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²Π°. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΎΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π’Π Π Π’Π‘ ΠΎΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π Π’Π‘, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ
Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² Ξ³-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ
A typical process for verification of treatment plans in intensity-modulated radiation therapy is described. The main errors and uncertainties that arise in the course of planning dose distribution and in the process of dose delivery are listed. Methods for comparing dose distributions are considered: the distance to agreement (DTA) and the test for the algebraic dose difference. Formulas for calculating the shift of points of dose distributions, as well as the minimum value of the shift of points, are provided. The influences of global and local normalization and spatial resolution on the interpretation of the results obtained are defined. A methodology for determining reasonable criteria for gamma-analysis of individual dose distributions when verifying plans for irradiation of cancer patients using high-tech radiation therapy methods has been developed. Using the procedure proposed by the authors to establish action limits and tolerances will make it possible to assess the quality of medical care provided in healthcare institutions when using high-tech radiotherapy methodsΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ: ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ (DTA) ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° Π°Π»Π³Π΅Π±ΡΠ°ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² Ξ³-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ
Multiscale photoacoustic tomography using reversibly switchable bacterial phytochrome as a near-infrared photochromic probe
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) of genetically encoded probes allows for imaging of targeted biological processes deep in tissues with high spatial resolution; however, high background signals from blood can limit the achievable detection sensitivity. Here we describe a reversibly switchable nonfluorescent bacterial phytochrome for use in multiscale photoacoustic imaging, BphP1, with the most red-shifted absorption among genetically encoded probes. BphP1 binds a heme-derived biliverdin chromophore and is reversibly photoconvertible between red and near-infrared light-absorption states. We combined single-wavelength PAT with efficient BphP1 photoswitching, which enabled differential imaging with substantially decreased background signals, enhanced detection sensitivity, increased penetration depth and improved spatial resolution. We monitored tumor growth and metastasis with ~100-ΞΌm resolution at depths approaching 10 mm using photoacoustic computed tomography, and we imaged individual cancer cells with a suboptical-diffraction resolution of ~140 nm using photoacoustic microscopy. This technology is promising for biomedical studies at several scales
Theta and gamma rhythmic coding through two spike output modes in the hippocampus during spatial navigation
Hippocampal CA1 neurons generate single spikes and stereotyped bursts of spikes. However, it is unclear how individual neurons dynamically switch between these output modes and whether these two spiking outputs relay distinct information. We performed extracellular recordings in spatially navigating rats and cellular voltage imaging and optogenetics in awake mice. We found that spike bursts are preferentially linked to cellular and network theta rhythms (3β12 Hz) and encode an animal's position via theta phase precession, particularly as animals are entering a place field. In contrast, single spikes exhibit additional coupling to gamma rhythms (30β100 Hz), particularly as animals leave a place field. Biophysical modeling suggests that intracellular properties alone are sufficient to explain the observed input frequency-dependent spike coding. Thus, hippocampal neurons regulate the generation of bursts and single spikes according to frequency-specific network and intracellular dynamics, suggesting that these spiking modes perform distinct computations to support spatial behavior.Fil: Lowet, Eric. Boston University; Estados UnidosFil: Sheehan, Daniel J.. Boston University; Estados UnidosFil: Chialva, Ulises. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de MatemΓ‘tica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientΓficas y TΓ©cnicas. Centro CientΓfico TecnolΓ³gico Conicet - BahΓa Blanca; ArgentinaFil: De Oliveira Pena, Rodrigo. New Jersey Institute of Technology; Estados UnidosFil: Mount, Rebecca A.. Boston University; Estados UnidosFil: Xiao, Sheng. Boston University; Estados UnidosFil: Zhou, Samuel L.. Boston University; Estados UnidosFil: Tseng, Hua-an. Boston University; Estados UnidosFil: Gritton, Howard. University of Illinois. Urbana - Champaign; Estados UnidosFil: Shroff, Sanaya. Boston University; Estados UnidosFil: Kondabolu, Krishnakanth. Boston University; Estados UnidosFil: Cheung, Cyrus. Boston University; Estados UnidosFil: Wang, Yangyang. Boston University; Estados UnidosFil: Piatkevich, Kiryl D.. Westlake University; ChinaFil: Boyden, Edward S.. McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Estados Unidos. Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Estados UnidosFil: Mertz, Jerome. Boston University; Estados UnidosFil: Hasselmo, Michael E.. Boston University; Estados UnidosFil: Rotstein, Horacio. New Jersey Institute of Technology; Estados UnidosFil: Han, Xue. Boston University; Estados Unido
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