The Forgotten Jerzy Łoś’s Contribution to Philosophical Logic. Logics with Realization Operator R

The aim of the paper is to bring back Jerzy Łoś’s great contribution to the area of epistemic and temporal logic. Although his mathematical achievements are widely recognized and appreciated around the world, his early works are still very little-known, despite their pioneering nature. The authors also give an account of current research and results inspired by Łoś’s legacy.The aim of the paper is to bring back Jerzy Łoś’s great contribution to the area of epistemic and temporal logic. Although his mathematical achievements are widely recognized and appreciated around the world, his early works are still very little-known, despite their pioneering nature. The authors also give an account of current research and results inspired by Łoś’s legacy

May the Sea-Battle Tommorow Not Happen?

This note provides a review of the book 'On the Sea-Battle Tomorrow That May Not Happen' by Tomasz Jarmużek

Tableau Systems for Epistemic Positional Logics

The goal of the article is twofold. The first one is to provide logics based on positional semantics which will be suitable for the analysis of epistemic modalities such as ‘agent ... knows/beliefs that ...’. The second one is to define tableau systemsfor such logics. Firstly, we present the minimal positional logic MR. Then, we change the notion of formulas and semantics in order to consider iterations of the operator of realization and “free” classical formulas. After that, we move on to weaker logics in order to avoid the well known problem of logical omniscience. At the same time, we keep the positional counterparts of modal axioms (T), (4) and (5). For all of the considered logics we present sound and complete tableau systems

Spectroscopic and gas chromatographic studies of pigments and binders in Gdańsk paintings of the 17th century

This work presents spectroscopic (optical microscopy, OM; micro-Raman, Raman; and Fourier-transform adsorption infrared, FT-IR) and gas chromatographic studies of two famous panel paintings from the Gdańsk artists of the 17th century Golden Age, “Servilius Appius” by Isaac van den Blocke and “Allegory of Wealth” probably by Anton Möller. Application of the aforementioned methods allowed us to identify pigments and binders used in the panel paintings. In particular, it was determined that the yellow pigment used by both artists is lead-tin yellow type I (2PbO·SnO2), the white pigment is lead (II) carbonate hydroxide (2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2), and the ground layer material consist of chalk (CaCO3). The analysis showed also that in the case of “Allegory of Wealth,” the red layer consists not only of cinnabar (HgS) but also of lead-tin yellow type I