Studies on biochemical mechanism of resistance for the management of Marssonina leaf blotch of apple caused by Marssonina coronaria (Ellis & J. J. Davis) J. J. Davis

To study the mechanism of resistance developed in three different cultivars of apple viz; Starking Delicious, Tydeman’s Early Worcester and Granny Smith against Marssonina coronaria , after treatment with SAR inducing chemicals salicylic acid (SA), dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) and acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) contents of total phenol, reducing sugar, non -reducing sugar and activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) were assayed at three sampling periods (48,72 and 96 hours). The results revealed that SA treated leaves of cultivar Granny Smith recorded highest amount of phenol (49,53.66,57.33 mg/g), reducing sugar (16,16.33,17.66 mg/g), non-reducing sugar (2.90,3.13,3.53 mg/g) content, peroxidase (30,29.33,36) and polyphenol (26,30,34) activity in all the sampling intervals followed ASM and K2HPO4 treated plants. When compared among the cultivars maximum production was observed highest in cultivar Granny Smith which was followed by cultivars Tydeman’s Early Worcester and Starking Delicious. The present study showed that application of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) chemical can induce resistance in apple plants against Marssonina blotch caused by M. coronaria showing strong correlation between the ability of elicitors to enhanced plant disease resistance and elicitation of defence related enzymes. Thus, using SAR chemicals to induce resistance to apple against Marssonina blotch caused by M. coronaria, may provide a practical supplement to an environmentally friendly disease management when it is combined with appropriate integrated disease management practices

Effect of GA3 and fungicide at colour-break stage for extension of bearing period and shelf-life in Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco.)

The effect of GA3 of different concentrations along with fungicide was investigated on ten year old trees of Khasi mandarin to study the extension of bearing period and its post harvest shelf life the year, 2014-2015. Fruits on the tree at colour break stage were sprayed with seven concentrations of 10, 15, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 ppm of GA3 each along with the fungicide (Carbendazim 1g/L of water) and the control (no GA3 and fungicide). Among the different treatments, optimum fruit retention (237 fruits/tree) was observed in T5 (GA3@30ppm + fungicide i.e Carbendazim 1g/L of water) as compared to control (162 fruits/tree) and also extended the harvesting period for about 18.3 days in T7 (GA3@45ppm + fungicide i.e Carbendazim 1g/L of water) which is at par with T5 and T6 (18 days). Besides, imposition of GA3 and fungicide at colour break stage also minimized the physiological loss in weight, spoilage loss, shriveling and thus, extended the post harvest shelf life of the fruits of about one week as compared to control under the room temperature

Mixed Research Design

Mixed methods research is systematic, theoretical, analysis of the method for conducting research that includes collecting data, analysis, interpretation of data and also integrating qualitative and quantitative data grounded by a certain principles. This approach to research is used when this integration provides a better understanding of the research problem than either of each alone the field of mixed methods has only explored a research problem. Mixed methods research is a concept that was originated in social sciences but have recently expanded into the health and medical sciences which includes fields such like nursing, family medicine, social work, mental health, pharmacy, allied health, and others. In the last decade, its procedures have been developed and refined to suit a wide variety of research questions

Geo-Spatial Modelling of Habitat Suitability of wildlife species of Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary

Abstract: Predicting species habitat in a wildlife sanctuary is essential in management an

Drying and dehydration of native ornamental plants of Arunachal Pradesh and its value addition

383-388Wild and underutilized plant species, particularly ornamental flowers and foliage, can be converted into value added products using the drying and dehydration techniques. The present study has been carried out to explore the potential of wild ornamental plants of Arunachal Pradesh for the purpose of dry flower making. The plant parts were collected from different places viz., Pasighat, Bodak, Renging, Menchuka, Bomdilla, Tenga Valley, Yingkiong, etc. A total of 14 potential plant species has been identified for drying and dehydration without any loss in quality and appearance. The species identified included viz., Pteridium aquilinum (Eagle Fern/Western Bracken Fern), Lycopodium clavatum (Stag‘s Horn Clubmoss/Ground pine), Nicandra physalodes (Apple of Peru), Scirpus cyperinus (Wool grass), Barleria cristata (Phillipine violet), Cortaderia selloana (Pampas grass), Anaphilis busua (Tall pearly everlasting), Miscanthus spp. (Silver grass), lichens, Phragmites spp. (common reed grass), Davallia bullata (Rabbit foot fern), Tillandsia spp. (Spanish moss), Elsholtzia cristata (Crested late summer mint) and Setaria parviflora (Bristly foxtail). Maximum number of genera belongs to the family of Poaceae followed by Cyperaceae. Seed heads of Cortaderia selloana, Miscanthus spp., Phragmites spp., Erioscirpus comosus, Scirpus cyperinus, Setaria parviflora; leaves of Pteridium aquilinum, Lycopodium clavatum, Davallia bullata; fruits of Nicandra physalodes, Elsholtzia cristata; flower of Anaphilis busua; dried calyx of Barleria cristata and stem of Tillandsia spp. has also been used for drying and value addition. Value added products that were prepared included wall décor, greeting cards, photo frames, dried flower arrangements, table décor, bouquet, paper bags, buttoniere and corsage, etc. A cottage industry based on floral craft can become a new area for self-employment of rural youths and women through this creative occupation. The quest for searching new materials which can be utilized as dried flowers never ends and in fact is the demand of the hou

A cross sectional study of pregnancy outcome in women with recurrent pregnancy loss

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss occurs in approximately 1-2% of reproductive aged women. Aetiology is unknown in approximately 50% of RPL. Common established causes include uterine anomalies, antiphospholipid syndrome, hormonal and metabolic disorders, and cytogenetic abnormalities. Maternal age and number of previous miscarriages are two independent risk factors. The study was conducted to determine the pregnancy outcomes in women with history of recurrent pregnancy loss. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal. The study was carried out during a period of 2 years with effect from September 2019 to August 2021. Results: A total of 116 pregnant women with history of recurrent pregnancy loss were included in the study. The mean age among participants was 30.28±5.48 years. The average number of abortions prior to this pregnancy was 2.53±1.02. About 85.34% had spontaneous onset of labour and nearly equal proportion of (48.27% and 46.56%) of the participants delivered by NVD and CS. Maternal complications were present in 51.72%. Most common were hypertensive disorder (12.06%) and preterm labour (12.06%). Fetal complications were observed in 22.4% of newborn, commonest being low birth weight. Conclusions: Women with history of recurrent pregnancy loss encountered increased adverse maternal complications however fetal complications were similar to that of the general population. The definition, diagnosis and treatment of patients with a history of RPL remains difficult. Increased antenatal surveillance to reduce the risk of pregnancy complications with better screening of the obstetrical history and the necessary investigations to identify a treatable cause associated with previous miscarriages can lead to early prophylactic interventions for a better outcome

Evaluation of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) cultivars for yield and yield contributing characters in Gujarat

Nineteen cultivars of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) from diverse sources were evaluated in semi-arid conditions of Gujarat for observing the various morphological and yield characters. The highest plant height was found in Pant Haritama (97.27 cm) which was at par with RCr 435, ACr 209, JD 1, Co 4, RCr 20 and Sadhana. There were no significant differences in number of primary and secondary branches in all the cultivars. Highest seed yield plant-1 were observed in JD 1 (10.78 g) which was at par with Sudha, Sindhu and RCr 41.The lowest yield plant-1 were observed in RCr 20 (1.81gm). The minimum time taken for 50% flowering was observed in Sudha and RCr 41 (42.67 days) which were at par with that of Sindhu. The maximum time taken for 50% flowering was by RCr 20 (68.67 days). It was also observed that the time taken for days to full flowering in an umbel ranges between 8-14 days and the days to complete complete fruit formation in an umbel ranges from 14-20 days. It might be concluded from the study that the cultivars differed significantly in most of the parameters and offer a good scope of selection of cultivars for desired traits. &nbsp

Deciphering growth abilities of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi under variable temperature, pH and nitrogen

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi (Fop) is an important disease and major obstacle to pea production, causing huge losses to growers. The focus of this study was on isolation followed by morphological, molecular characterization and analyzing the growth of the casual agent under variable temperature, pH and Nitrogen levels. The morphological features of radial growth, sporulation, pigmentation and mycelial characterization were examined and the variability of all isolates was presented. Molecular characterization of the fungus by ITS rDNA sequencing revealed that all 13 isolates belong to Fusarium oxysporum species. Six isolates were tested for temperature, pH and nitrogen dosage optimization studies. Seven different temperatures, viz., 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33°C and pH values, having 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 pH, as well as nitrogen dosage levels of 0 g, 3 g, 5 g, 7 g, 9 g, 11 g, and 13 g were tested against all six isolates, respectively. The results showed that all isolates exhibited the highest growth at a temperature of 25°C and the optimal temperature range for growth of Fusarium oxysporum was 23–27°C. All isolates showed the highest growth at pH5. Change in the nitrogen doses of the base ended in formation of thick, dense, fluffy mycelium of the casual agent. Six isolates were used for combination studies with seven different levels of temperatures, pH levels and nitrogen dosages. The density plots revealed the variations in the growth of the isolates with changes in temperature, pH and nitrogen levels, which can lead to mutations or genetic changes in the pathogens that could potentially introduce new threats to pea cultivation

Follow-up analyses to the O3 LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA lensing searches

Along their path from source to observer, gravitational waves may be gravitationally lensed by massive objects leading to distortion in the signals. Searches for these distortions amongst the observed signals from the current detector network have already been carried out, though there have as yet been no confident detections. However, predictions of the observation rate of lensing suggest detection in the future is a realistic possibility. Therefore, preparations need to be made to thoroughly investigate the candidate lensed signals. In this work, we present some follow-up analyses that could be applied to assess the significance of such events and ascertain what information may be extracted about the lens-source system by applying these analyses to a number of O3 candidate events, even if these signals did not yield a high significance for any of the lensing hypotheses. These analyses cover the strong lensing, millilensing, and microlensing regimes. Applying these additional analyses does not lead to any additional evidence for lensing in the candidates that have been examined. However, it does provide important insight into potential avenues to deal with high-significance candidates in future observations