Nouvelles raisons d’agir des acteurs de la pêche et de l’agriculture

Les acteurs de la pêche et de l’agriculture (professionnels, institutions d'enseignement, techniciens, organisations professionnelles et syndicales, politiques et législateurs, chercheurs, consommateurs…) font l'expérience de l’évolution des techniques et des droits à produire et à prélever la ressource vivante. Les agriculteurs et les pêcheurs se questionnent sur les raisons de faire leur métier, de s’y maintenir et de le transformer par de nouveaux modes de transmission, de débat et par de nouvelles solidarités. Les auteurs, des chercheurs en sciences sociales et des professionnels des deux filières, examinent les situations les plus propices au développement de nouvelles raisons d'agir et de nouveaux savoirs : débats sur la gestion des ressources renouvelables, décisions relatives au contenu du métier et à sa transmission, mutations professionnelles ou encore nouvelle division du travail. Les situations présentées permettent un éclairage contrasté des secteurs de la pêche et de l'agriculture, et plus particulièrement : – de l’évolution des raisons d’agir et des savoirs des professionnels, des scientifiques, des législateurs mais aussi des nouveaux arrivants, notamment dans leur rapport à l’écologie. Comment de nouvelles raisons d’agir et de nouveaux savoirs émergent-ils des divisions et des conflits ? – des transformations du travail et de la formation professionnelle dans les deux secteurs. Comment les référentiels de formation et les pratiques didactiques modifient-ils les enjeux cognitifs, environnementaux, économiques et sociaux des activités de pêche et d’agriculture ? Ces questions majeures intéresseront à la fois les pêcheurs et les agriculteurs, les concepteurs de politiques publiques et les scientifiques

Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators in Cystic Fibrosis

In cystic fibrosis (CF), impaired airway surface hydration (ASL) and mucociliary clearance that promote chronic bacterial colonization, persistent inflammation, and progressive structural damage to the airway wall architecture are typically explained by ion transport abnormalities related to the mutation of the gene coding for the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) channel. However, the progressive and unrelenting inflammation of the CF airway begins early in life, becomes persistent, and is excessive relative to the bacterial burden. Intrinsic abnormalities of the inflammatory response in cystic fibrosis have been suggested but the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. This review aims to give an overview of the recent advances in the understanding of the defective resolution of inflammation in CF including the abnormal production of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (lipoxin and resolvin) and their impact on the pathogenesis of the CF airway disease

L'évaluation des apprentissages scolaires au Luxembourg.

Cet article porte sur les pratiques d’évaluation des acquis scolaires au Luxembourg. Il poursuit trois objectifs précis : synthétiser l’évolution des politiques et des pratiques d’évaluation des acquis scolaires à partir d’une analyse des documents officiels, aborder la concrétisation des directives officielles sur le terrain en présentant les données disponibles et illustrer les dérives potentielles liées à certains types d’évaluation des apprentissages scolaires.This article focuses on evaluation practices of learning achievement in Luxembourg. It has three specific objectives: to summarize the evolution of policies and practices for assessing student achievement from an analysis of official documents, to analyze how official evaluation guidelines are effectively implemented in the classes and to illustrate the potential dangers associated with some types of evaluation of learning achievement.Este artigo centra-se nas práticas de avaliação das aprendizagens no Luxemburgo. Apresenta três objectivos precisos: sintetizar a evolução das políticas e das práticas da avaliação das aprendizagens a partir de uma análise dos documentos oficiais, abordar a implementação das directivas oficiais através dos dados disponíveis e ilustrar as potenciais derivas associadas a certos tipos de avaliação das aprendizagens escolares

An attempt to quantify electrodeposit metallographic growth structures

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

SERCA and PMCA pumps contribute to the deregulation of Ca(2+) homeostasis in human CF epithelial cells.

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Potentiation of cyclophosphamide chemotherapy using the anti-angiogenic drug thalidomide: importance of optimal scheduling to exploit the 'normalization' window of the tumor vasculature.

The aim of this work was to study how administration schedule affects potentiation of cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent, by thalidomide, an anti-angiogenic agent. Tumor oxygenation after thalidomide administration was determined over time by EPR oximetry. Such measurements provide a surrogate marker for determining the timing of 'normalization' of tumor vasculature. Re-growth delays were measured using different combinations and schedules of treatments. Additionally, the uptake of the metabolite of cyclophosphamide (hydroxycyclophosphamide or OH-CP) into tumors was determined by high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS). A significant increase in pO(2) was observed after 2 and 3 days of treatment before eventually declining on day 4. Thalidomide potentiated the effect of cyclophosphamide only when cyclophosphamide was administered after 2 days of treatment with thalidomide (no significant benefit using other schedules). In this time frame, the HPLC/MS/MS measurements showed that the quantity of OH-CP penetrating into the tumor was about twice in mice treated by thalidomide compared to controls. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the benefit of combined therapy using an anti-angiogenic agent with a cytotoxic agent requires knowledge of the time window during which the vessels initially become normalized

Mechanism of reoxygenation after antiangiogenic therapy using SU5416 and its importance for guiding combined antitumor therapy

Emerging preclinical studies support the concept of a transient "normalization" of tumor vasculature during the early stage of antiangiogenic treatment, with possible beneficial effects on associated radiotherapy or chemotherapy. One key issue in this area of research is to determine whether this feature is common to all antiangiogenic drugs and whether the phenomenon occurs in all types of tumors. In the present study, we characterized the evolution of the tumor oxygenation (in transplantable liver tumor and FSAII tumor models) after administration of SU5416, an antagonist of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. SU5416 induced an early increase in tumor oxygenation [measured by electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR)], which did not correlate with remodeling of the tumor vasculature (assessed by CD31 labeling using immunohistochemistry) or with tumor perfusion (measured by dynamic contrast enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging). Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration (measured by EPR) was responsible for this early reoxygenation. Consistent with these unique findings in the tumor microenvironment, we found that SU5416 potentiated tumor response to radiotherapy but not to chemotherapy. In addition to the fact that the characterization of the tumor oxygenation is essential to enable correct application of combined therapies, our results show that the long-term inhibition of oxygen consumption is a potential novel target in this class of compounds

Mechanism of reoxygenation after antiangiogenic therapy using SU5416 and its importance for guiding combined antitumor therapy. Cancer Res

Abstract Emerging preclinical studies support the concept of a transient ''normalization'' of tumor vasculature during the early stage of antiangiogenic treatment, with possible beneficial effects on associated radiotherapy or chemotherapy. One key issue in this area of research is to determine whether this feature is common to all antiangiogenic drugs and whether the phenomenon occurs in all types of tumors. In the present study, we characterized the evolution of the tumor oxygenation (in transplantable liver tumor and FSAII tumor models) after administration of SU5416, an antagonist of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. SU5416 induced an early increase in tumor oxygenation [measured by electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR)], which did not correlate with remodeling of the tumor vasculature (assessed by CD31 labeling using immunohistochemistry) or with tumor perfusion (measured by dynamic contrast enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging). Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration (measured by EPR) was responsible for this early reoxygenation. Consistent with these unique findings in the tumor microenvironment, we found that SU5416 potentiated tumor response to radiotherapy but not to chemotherapy. In addition to the fact that the characterization of the tumor oxygenation is essential to enable correct application of combined therapies, our results show that the long-term inhibition of oxygen consumption is a potential novel target in this class of compounds