Energy optimization in integrated pulp and paper mills with recourse to environmental benefits

1061-1069This study focuses on energy optimization in evaporator and digester of integrated pulp and paper mills in India, and recommends application of 7 effects/plates evaporator in place of 5 effects/plates normally used. Steam economy resulting from this modification is definitely more than 7. Pinch technology is found suitable for optimization of controlled parameters in the digester. Using recommendations, total energy savings was observed in West Coast Paper Mill (11.74%) and Star Paper Mill (12.97%). Environmental benefits that will accrue in terms of reductions in emissions are: SPM, 46464-48664 TPA; SO2 , 1045 kg/annum; H2S, 55,020 kg/annum; and CO2, 13612 TPA

Syntheses and QSAR studies of sorbic, cinnamic and ricinoleic acid derivatives as potential antibacterial agents

2828-2834Amides and esters of sorbic, cinnamic and ricinoleic acid have been synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against gram (+) ve S. aureus, B. subtilis and gram (-) ve E. coli. Most of the compounds have shown moderate to good activity against microorganisms under test. Linear regression analysis of descriptors related to lipophilicity, steric and electronic parameters against antibacterial activity have been performed. QSAR studies indicated the predominance of electronic and steric parameters over the lipophilicity parameters in contributing antibacterial activity

Standardised neonatal parenteral nutrition formulations-Australasian neonatal parenteral nutrition consensus update 2017

Background: The first consensus standardised neonatal parenteral nutrition formulations were implemented in many neonatal units in Australia in 2012. The current update involving 49 units from Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Malaysia and India was conducted between September 2015 and December 2017 with the aim to review and update the 2012 formulations and guidelines. Methods: A systematic review of available evidence for each parenteral nutrient was undertaken and new standardised formulations and guidelines were developed. Results: Five existing preterm Amino acid-Dextrose formulations have been modified and two new concentrated Amino acid-Dextrose formulations added to optimise amino acid and nutrient intake according to gestation. Organic phosphate has replaced inorganic phosphate allowing for an increase in calcium and phosphate content, and acetate reduced. Lipid emulsions are unchanged, with both SMOFlipid (Fresenius Kabi, Australia) and ClinOleic (Baxter Healthcare, Australia) preparations included. The physicochemical compatibility and stability of all formulations have been tested and confirmed. Guidelines to standardise the parenteral nutrition clinical practice across facilities have also been developed. Conclusions: The 2017 PN formulations and guidelines developed by the 2017 Neonatal Parenteral Nutrition Consensus Group offer concise and practical instructions to clinicians on how to implement current and up-to-date evidence based PN to the NICU population